Browse publications by year: 2023

Fulltext Preparation and Application of Active Bionanocomposite Films Based on Sago Starch Reinforced with a Combination of TiO2 Nanoparticles and Penganum harmala Extract for Preserving Chicken Fillets

Bagher Abiri A, Baghaei H, Mohammadi Nafchi A

Polymers (Basel), 2023 Jun 29;15(13).
PMID: 37447533 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132889

The aim of this study was to develop sago starch-based bionanocomposite films containing TiO2 nanoparticles and Penganum harmala extract (PE) to increase the shelf life of chicken fillets. First, sago starch films containing different levels of TiO2 nanoparticles (1, 3, and 5%) and PE (5, 10, and 15%) were prepared. The barrier properties and antibacterial activity of the films against different bacteria strains were investigated. Then, the produced films were used for the chicken fillets packaging, and the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of fillets were estimated during 12-day storage at 4 °C. The results showed that the addition of nano TiO2 and PE in the films increased the antibacterial activity against gram-positive (S. aureus) higher than gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. The water vapor permeability of the films decreased from 2.9 to 1.26 (×10-11 g/m·s·Pa) by incorporating both PE and nano TiO2. Synergistic effects of PE and nano TiO2 significantly decreased the oxygen permeability of the sago starch films from 8.17 to 4.44 (cc.mil/m2·day). Application results of bionanocomposite films for chicken fillet storage at 4 °C for 12 days demonstrated that the films have great potential to increase the shelf life of fillets. The total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) of chicken fillets increased from 7.34 to 35.28 after 12 days, whereas samples coated with bionanocomposite films increased from 7.34 to 16.4. For other physicochemical and microbiological properties of chicken fillets, similar improvement was observed during cold storage. It means that the bionanocomposite films could successfully improve the shelf life of the chicken fillets by at least eight days compared to the control sample.
Fulltext Exploring the Potential of Seaweed Derivatives for the Development of Biodegradable Plastics: A Comparative Study

Wan Yahaya WA, Azman NAM, Adam F, Subramaniam SD, Abd Hamid KH, Almajano MP

Polymers (Basel), 2023 Jun 29;15(13).
PMID: 37447534 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132884

Biodegradable films made from biopolymer materials have the potential to replace conventional plastics, which can reduce waste disposal problems. This study aims to explore the potential of different seaweed derivate films consisting of 2% (w/w) of kappaphycus alverezi (KA), kappa carrageenan (KC), refined carrageenan (RC) and semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) as bio-based materials with 0.9% (w/w) glycerol (G), and reinforced with different concentrations of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) derived from palm waste. A characterization of the glycerol-plasticized seaweed derivatives containing 0, 5, 10, and 15% (v/w) cellulose nanofiber is carried out. The CNFs were studied based on their mechanical, physical and thermal properties including mechanical properties, thickness, moisture content, opacity, water solubility, water vapor permeability and thermal stability. The hydrogen bonding was determined using the DFT calculation generated by Gauss view software version 9.6. The KA + G + 10%CNF film exhibited a surface with slight cracks, roughness, and larger lumps and dents, resulting in inferior mechanical properties (18.50 Mpa), making it unsuitable for biofilm production. The KC + G + 10%CNF film exhibited mechanical properties 24.97 Mpa and water vapor permeability of 1.42311 × 10-11 g s-1 m-1 Pa-1. The RC/G/10%CNF film displayed the highest TS (48.23 MPa) and water vapor permeability (1.4168 × 10-11 g s-1 m-1 Pa-1), but it also had higher solubility in water (66%). In contrast, the SRC + G + 10%CNF film demonstrated excellent mechanical properties (45.98 MPa), low water solubility (42.59%), low water vapor permeability (1.3719 × 10-11 g s-1 m-1 Pa-1), and a high decomposition temperature (250.62 °C) compared to KA, KC and RC. These attributes develop films suitable for various applications, including food packaging with enhanced properties and stability.
Fulltext Effect of Fiber Loading on Thermal Properties of Cellulosic Washingtonia Reinforced HDPE Biocomposites

Bahlouli S, Belaadi A, Makhlouf A, Alshahrani H, Khan MKA, Jawaid M

Polymers (Basel), 2023 Jun 30;15(13).
PMID: 37447555 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132910

In this research work, we aim to study the effect of the incorporation of vegetable fiber reinforcement on the thermo-mechanical and dynamic properties of a composite formed by a polymeric matrix reinforced with cellulosic fibers with the various Washingtonia fiber (WF) loadings (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by wt%) as reinforced material in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) Biocomposites to evaluate the optimum fiber loading of biocomposites. In addition, several characterization techniques (i.e., thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA)) were used to better understand the characteristics of the new composites prepared. With these techniques, we managed to verify the rigidity and thermal stability of the composites so elaborated, as well as the success of the polymer and the structural homogeneity of the obtained biocomposites. Hence, the biocomposite with the best ratio (HDPE/20WF) showed a loss modulus (E″) of 224 MPa, a storage modulus (E') of 2079 MPa, and a damping factor (Tanδ) of 0.270 to the glass transition (Tg) of 145 °C. In addition, thermomechanical analysis (TMA) of the biocomposite samples exhibited marginally higher Ts compared to the HDPE matrix. The best results were recorded with biocomposites with 20% WF, which showed better thermal properties. This composite material can be used as insulation in construction materials (buildings, false ceilings, walls, etc.).
Fulltext Chitosan-Based Nano Systems for Natural Antioxidants in Breast Cancer Therapy

Herdiana Y, Husni P, Nurhasanah S, Shamsuddin S, Wathoni N

Polymers (Basel), 2023 Jul 05;15(13).
PMID: 37447598 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132953

Breast cancer is a major cause of death globally, accounting for around 13% of all deaths. Chemotherapy, the common treatment for cancer, can have side effects that lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in oxidative stress in the body. Antioxidants are important for maintaining the health of cells and helping the immune system function properly. They play a crucial role in balancing the body's internal environment. Using natural antioxidants is an alternative to mitigate the harmful effects of oxidative stress. However, around 80% of natural antioxidants have limited effectiveness when taken orally because they do not dissolve well in water or other solvents. This poor solubility affects their ability to be absorbed by the body and limits their bioavailability. One strategy that has been considered is to increase their water solubility to increase their oral bioavailability. Chitosan-based nanoparticle (CSNP) systems have been extensively explored due to their reliability and simpler synthesis routes. This review focuses on the various methods of chitosan-based nanoformulation for developing effective oral dosage forms for natural antioxidants based on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties. Chitosan (CS) could be a model, because of its wide use in polymeric NPs research, thus providing a better understanding of the role of vehicles that carry natural antioxidants in maintaining the stability and enhancing the performance of cancer drugs.
Fulltext A Trusted Reputation Management Scheme for Cross-Chain Transactions

Chen K, Lee LF, Chiu W, Su C, Yeh KH, Chao HC

Sensors (Basel), 2023 Jun 29;23(13).
PMID: 37447883 DOI: 10.3390/s23136033

Blockchain has become a well-known, secured, decentralized datastore in many domains, including medical, industrial, and especially the financial field. However, to meet the requirements of different fields, platforms that are built on blockchain technology must provide functions and characteristics with a wide variety of options. Although they may share similar technology at the fundamental level, the differences among them make data or transaction exchange challenging. Cross-chain transactions have become a commonly utilized function, while at the same time, some have pointed out its security loopholes. It is evident that a secure transaction scheme is desperately needed. However, what about those nodes that do not behave? It is clear that not only a secure transaction scheme is necessary, but also a system that can gradually eliminate malicious players is of dire need. At the same time, integrating different blockchain systems can be difficult due to their independent architectures, and cross-chain transactions can be at risk if malicious attackers try to control the nodes in the cross-chain system. In this paper, we propose a dynamic reputation management scheme based on the past transaction behaviors of nodes. These behaviors serve as the basis for evaluating a node's reputation to support the decision on malicious behavior and enable the system to intercept it in a timely manner. Furthermore, to establish a reputation index with high precision and flexibility, we integrate Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) into our proposed scheme. This allows our system to meet the needs of a wide variety of blockchain platforms. Overall, the article highlights the importance of securing cross-chain transactions and proposes a method to prevent misbehavior by evaluating and managing node reputation.

MeSH terms: Industry; Technology; Nonoxynol; Trust*
Fulltext Smart Wireless Sensor Technology for Healthcare Monitoring System Using Cognitive Radio Networks

Jabeen T, Jabeen I, Ashraf H, Ullah A, Jhanjhi NZ, Ghoniem RM, et al.

Sensors (Basel), 2023 Jul 02;23(13).
PMID: 37447952 DOI: 10.3390/s23136104

Programmable Object Interfaces are increasingly intriguing researchers because of their broader applications, especially in the medical field. In a Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), for example, patients' health can be monitored using clinical nano sensors. Exchanging such sensitive data requires a high level of security and protection against attacks. To that end, the literature is rich with security schemes that include the advanced encryption standard, secure hashing algorithm, and digital signatures that aim to secure the data exchange. However, such schemes elevate the time complexity, rendering the data transmission slower. Cognitive radio technology with a medical body area network system involves communication links between WBAN gateways, server and nano sensors, which renders the entire system vulnerable to security attacks. In this paper, a novel DNA-based encryption technique is proposed to secure medical data sharing between sensing devices and central repositories. It has less computational time throughout authentication, encryption, and decryption. Our analysis of experimental attack scenarios shows that our technique is better than its counterparts.

MeSH terms: Cognition; Computer Communication Networks; Humans; Technology; Computer Security*; Wireless Technology
Fulltext Blockchain and Machine Learning Inspired Secure Smart Home Communication Network

Menon S, Anand D, Kavita, Verma S, Kaur M, Jhanjhi NZ, et al.

Sensors (Basel), 2023 Jul 04;23(13).
PMID: 37447981 DOI: 10.3390/s23136132

With the increasing growth rate of smart home devices and their interconnectivity via the Internet of Things (IoT), security threats to the communication network have become a concern. This paper proposes a learning engine for a smart home communication network that utilizes blockchain-based secure communication and a cloud-based data evaluation layer to segregate and rank data on the basis of three broad categories of Transactions (T), namely Smart T, Mod T, and Avoid T. The learning engine utilizes a neural network for the training and classification of the categories that helps the blockchain layer with improvisation in the decision-making process. The contributions of this paper include the application of a secure blockchain layer for user authentication and the generation of a ledger for the communication network; the utilization of the cloud-based data evaluation layer; the enhancement of an SI-based algorithm for training; and the utilization of a neural engine for the precise training and classification of categories. The proposed algorithm outperformed the Fused Real-Time Sequential Deep Extreme Learning Machine (RTS-DELM) system, the data fusion technique, and artificial intelligence Internet of Things technology in providing electronic information engineering and analyzing optimization schemes in terms of the computation complexity, false authentication rate, and qualitative parameters with a lower average computation complexity; in addition, it ensures a secure, efficient smart home communication network to enhance the lifestyle of human beings.

MeSH terms: Machine Learning; Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence*; Humans; Learning
Fulltext A Novel Hybrid Harris Hawk-Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for Industrial Wireless Mesh Networks

Devan PAM, Ibrahim R, Omar M, Bingi K, Abdulrab H

Sensors (Basel), 2023 Jul 07;23(13).
PMID: 37448072 DOI: 10.3390/s23136224

A novel hybrid Harris Hawk-Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (HHAOA) for optimizing the Industrial Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) and real-time pressure process control was proposed in this research article. The proposed algorithm uses inspiration from Harris Hawk Optimization and the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm to improve position relocation problems, premature convergence, and the poor accuracy the existing techniques face. The HHAOA algorithm was evaluated on various benchmark functions and compared with other optimization algorithms, namely Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm, Moth Flame Optimization, Sine Cosine Algorithm, Grey Wolf Optimization, and Harris Hawk Optimization. The proposed algorithm was also applied to a real-world industrial wireless mesh network simulation and experimentation on the real-time pressure process control system. All the results demonstrate that the HHAOA algorithm outperforms different algorithms regarding mean, standard deviation, convergence speed, accuracy, and robustness and improves client router connectivity and network congestion with a 31.7% reduction in Wireless Mesh Network routers. In the real-time pressure process, the HHAOA optimized Fractional-order Predictive PI (FOPPI) Controller produced a robust and smoother control signal leading to minimal peak overshoot and an average of a 53.244% faster settling. Based on the results, the algorithm enhanced the efficiency and reliability of industrial wireless networks and real-time pressure process control systems, which are critical for industrial automation and control applications.

MeSH terms: Algorithms*; Computer Communication Networks; Reproducibility of Results; Wireless Technology
Fulltext Bi-pedicled Visor Flap for Coverage of Two Skull Defects: A Practical Flap Option for Metastatic Scalp Lesions With a Favorable Cosmetic Outcome

Mohd Amin MF, Al-Chalabi MMM, Mat Johar SFN, Wan Sulaiman WA

Cureus, 2023 Jun;15(6):e40319.
PMID: 37448410 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40319

Reconstruction of the scalp after acquired defects poses a great challenge to reconstructive surgeons. In oncologic resections, the defect must be covered with well-vascularized tissue to withstand radiotherapy post-surgery. However, due to the limited scalp tissue mobility, primary closure or loco-regional flaps are challenging and limited in choice. Fortunately, with the current understanding of the robust blood supply system to the scalp tissue, they can survive with the closure under tension. In this paper, we present a case of scalp reconstruction using a bi-pedicled visor flap to cover the two skull defects after ablative surgery. In addition, this article highlights the reason for the option, the surgical procedure, and the cosmetic outcome of the surgery.
Fulltext Diet and the evolution of ADH7 across seven orders of mammals

Pinto SL, Janiak MC, Dutyschaever G, Barros MAS, Chavarria AG, Martin MP, et al.

R Soc Open Sci, 2023 Jul;10(7):230451.
PMID: 37448478 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230451

Dietary variation within and across species drives the eco-evolutionary responsiveness of genes necessary to metabolize nutrients and other components. Recent evidence from humans and other mammals suggests that sugar-rich diets of floral nectar and ripe fruit have favoured mutations in, and functional preservation of, the ADH7 gene, which encodes the ADH class 4 enzyme responsible for metabolizing ethanol. Here we interrogate a large, comparative dataset of ADH7 gene sequence variation, including that underlying the amino acid residue located at the key site (294) that regulates the affinity of ADH7 for ethanol. Our analyses span 171 mammal species, including 59 newly sequenced. We report extensive variation, especially among frugivorous and nectarivorous bats, with potential for functional impact. We also report widespread variation in the retention and probable pseudogenization of ADH7. However, we find little statistical evidence of an overarching impact of dietary behaviour on putative ADH7 function or presence of derived alleles at site 294 across mammals, which suggests that the evolution of ADH7 is shaped by complex factors. Our study reports extensive new diversity in a gene of longstanding ecological interest, offers new sources of variation to be explored in functional assays in future study, and advances our understanding of the processes of molecular evolution.
Fulltext A new species of the Cyrtodactylusquadrivirgatus complex (Chordata, Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Sumatra Barat, Indonesia

Ahda Y, Nugraha FAD, Hon Tjong D, Kurniawan N, Amardi Y, Fauzi MA, et al.

Zookeys, 2023;1168:367-386.
PMID: 37448483 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1168.98724

Among the six species of Cyrtodactylus occurring in Sumatra, two species were described based on non-Sumatran type series, C.consobrinus and C.quadrivirgatus. The latter species was described originally from Thailand thus the wider distribution in Sumatra should be clarified taxonomically. Cyrtodactylusquadrivirgatus from Sumatra Barat was examined using both morphology and the Natrium Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 (ND2) gene to clarify its taxonomic status and phylogenetic placement. It was found that these specimens form a sister clade to all other species of the sworderi group from Peninsular Malaysia and the genetic distance ranges from 20-24.3%. This subset is herein described as a new species. The new species is readily distinguished from C.quadrivirgatus and other Sumatran species by a combination of characters: small size SVL 37.5-53.78 mm; longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles 16-19; paravertebral tubercles 31-41; ventral scales 32-43; 24-49 enlarged precloacal and femoral scales; precloacal pores rarely present; no precloacal depression; two postcloacal tubercles on each side; 14-19 subdigital lamellae on forth toe; 9-15 supralabial scales; 9-12 infralabial scales; three or four internasal scales; and 3-6 gular scales that border the first pair of postmental scales. This work underscores the importance of clarifying widely distributed species for taxonomic validation.
Fulltext A systematic literature review for APT detection and Effective Cyber Situational Awareness (ECSA) conceptual model

Salim DT, Singh MM, Keikhosrokiani P

Heliyon, 2023 Jul;9(7):e17156.
PMID: 37449192 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17156

Advancements in computing technology and the growing number of devices (e.g., computers, mobile) connected to networks have contributed to an increase in the amount of data transmitted between devices. These data are exposed to various types of cyberattacks, one of which is advanced persistent threats (APTs). APTs are stealthy and focus on sophisticated, specific targets. One reason for the detection failure of APTs is the nature of the attack pattern, which changes rapidly based on advancements in hacking. The need for future researchers to understand the gap in the literature regarding APT detection and to explore improved detection techniques has become crucial. Thus, this systematic literature review (SLR) examines the different approaches used to detect APT attacks directed at the network system in terms of approach and assessment metrics. The SLR includes papers on computer, mobile, and internet of things (IoT) technologies. We performed an SLR by searching six leading scientific databases to identify 75 studies that were published from 2012 to 2022. The findings from the SLR are discussed in terms of the literature's research gaps, and the study provides essential recommendations for designing a model for early APT detection. We propose a conceptual model known as the Effective Cyber Situational Awareness Model to Detect and Predict Mobile APTs (ECSA-tDP-MAPT), designed to effectively detect and predict APT attacks on mobile network traffic.
Fulltext Importance of lead aVL in the diagnosis of inferior wall myocardial infarction: A case report

Leong LH, Yap YC, Lo ZZ

Malays Fam Physician, 2023;18:38.
PMID: 37449275 DOI: 10.51866/cr.370

Ischaemic heart disorders are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. There has been a growing occurrence of heart disease among young adults. Thus, acute myocardial infarction (MI) should be considered in all patients with central chest pain. Herein, we report the case of a young, fit, active smoker with underlying dyslipidaemia presenting with acute MI, characterised by dynamic changes in lead aVL wherein T wave flattening progressed to inversion, suggestive of early reciprocal changes. Soon after, electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed ST elevation in leads III and aVF, indicative of acute inferior wall MI. Subsequently, coronary angiogram showed right coronary artery occlusion. This case report highlights the importance of serial ECGs in patients who present with chest pain and have a high clinical suspicion for acute MI with normal or inconclusive ECG findings. Measurement of highly sensitive serum troponin based on a 1- or 3-h protocol is important in diagnosing acute MI but not ST-elevation MI. An early sign of inferior wall MI may be a new T wave inversion in lead aVL.
Fulltext Determinants of blood pressure control among hypertensive patients of rural areas in a South Indian State: A community based cross sectional study

Paul A, Kini SB, Kumar A, Mallya SD

Malays Fam Physician, 2023;18:40.
PMID: 37449276 DOI: 10.51866/oa.308

INTRODUCTION: Optimum blood pressure (BP) control is essential to prevent complications and improve the quality of life of patients with hypertension. This study aimed to explore the determinants of BP control in patients with hypertension on treatment without any other comorbidities.
METHOD: The study was conducted among 429 patients with essential hypertension aged > 30 years residing in four villages of a taluk/tahsil in a South Indian state. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, lifestyle factors (e.g. diet and substance use), facilitators and barriers of BP control and anthropometric measurements. BP was measured using World Health Organization standards and classified using the Joint National Committee 8 Guidelines. Descriptive statistics were measured in terms of numbers and percentages. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the significant determinants of BP control.
RESULTS: Approximately 64.3% of the participants had their BP under control. The participants aged 46-59 years were more likely to have uncontrolled BP than those aged ≥60 years. The participants with <80% adherence to medication (non-adherent) had a five fold higher odds of having uncontrolled BP than those with >80% adherence.
CONCLUSION: Adherence to medication was the only significant factor for BP control in the present study. Hence, adherence to medication should be addressed with interventions targeted to improve BP control in patients with hypertension.
Fulltext Prevalence and associated factors of lipohypertrophy in insulin-injected patients with diabetes in selected primary care clinics in Peninsular Malaysian: A cross-sectional study

Hawa A, Teng CL, Devaraj NK, Saadatun A, Rawaida AL, Chong FY, et al.

Malays Fam Physician, 2023;18:37.
PMID: 37449277 DOI: 10.51866/oa.100

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of lipohypertrophy in insulin-injecting patients with diabetes at selected primary care clinics in Malaysia.
METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged ≥18 years with type 1 or 2 diabetes treated with insulin for at least 6 months at six selected public primary care clinics in Malaysia. The Injection Technique Questionnaire was used, and physical examination was conducted to detect the presence of lipohypertrophy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS version 26.
RESULTS: A total of 506 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study; of them, 60.47% were women, and 48.42% were Malays. The prevalence of lipohypertrophy was 39.6% (95% Confidence Interval, CI =35%-44%). The univariate analysis revealed that a larger number of injections per day, longer needle length, repeated use of needles, incorrect rotation of the injection site, longer insulin use duration, higher total insulin dose and higher HbA1c level were significantly associated with lipohypertrophy. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, incorrect rotation of the injection site was the only independent associated factor of lipohypertrophy.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of lipohypertrophy in this study is comparable with that in other studies. The identified associated factors of lipohypertrophy must be addressed in ongoing health education for insulin-injecting patients at Malaysian primary care clinics. Educating healthcare professionals and increasing awareness among patients with diabetes are important steps in preventing this complication.
Fulltext Development and implementation of a community-based COVID-19 assessment centre in Selangor: A descriptive study

Manoharan A, Mohammad NM, Abdul Samad A, Hamid D, Abdullah ZA

Malays Fam Physician, 2023;18:33.
PMID: 37449278 DOI: 10.51866/oa.156

INTRODUCTION: With the rising number of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia and the overwhelming strain on the tertiary healthcare system, home isolation has been introduced by the Ministry of Health Malaysia to reduce the admission of patients with mild COVID-19 to tertiary and low-risk quarantine centres. COVID-19 assessment centres (CACs) have been set up to provide initial assessment, triaging and monitoring of patients with COVID-19 prior to and during their home isolation. In this study, we aimed to share our experience in setting up CACs in Selangor, Malaysia.
METHOD: We described the steps taken in developing assessment tools and guidelines for assisting healthcare providers in safely monitoring patients with COVID-19 undergoing home isolation.
RESULTS: A total of 26,826 patients were clinically assessed from 1 to 28 February 2021 in various CACs in the state. The majority of the cases seen in the CACs were under category (CAT) 1 and 2. Only 0.2% (n=53) of the cases were categorised as severe COVID-19 (CAT 3 and above).
CONCLUSION: CACs coordinated by primary care providers play an important role in triaging, assessing and monitoring patients with COVID-19 undergoing home isolation in the community. There needs to be a better partnership between various stakeholders and the private healthcare sector to improve the services. The usage of a pulse oximeter in home monitoring of all patients with COVID-19 in Selangor needs to be seriously considered.
Fulltext Demographic and cardiovascular risk factors associated with pre-frailty and frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Jakarta, Indonesia: Active Aging Study

Handajani YS, Turana Y, Widjaja NT, Hengky A

Malays Fam Physician, 2023;18:36.
PMID: 37449279 DOI: 10.51866/oa.267

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of frailty and its determinants, especially in relation to chronic disease and lifestyle among elderly individuals.
METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 278 individuals aged 60 years and over living in Jakarta. All participants underwent assessment, including medical history-taking, physical examination and blood tests for the sugar level and lipid profile. Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Instrument for Primary Care of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. All data were analysed using the chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: The prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty among the older adults was 40.6% and 28.8%, respectively. Female sex, lack of exercise, presence of cardiovascular diseases and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level were associated with pre-frailty and frailty. Education for <9 years was associated only with frailty. After adjustments for all covariates, female sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.07-3.60; AOR=3.93, 95% CI=1.87-8.24), lack of exercise (AOR=l4.81, 95% CI=5.07-43.26; AOR=49.48, 95% CI=16.20-151.09) and presence of cardiovascular diseases (AOR=5.32, 95% CI= 1.40-19.20; AOR=6.06, 95% CI= 1.63-22.56) were associated with pre-frailty and frailty. Meanwhile, education for <9 years (AO R= 1.97, 95% CI=1.05-3.69) and high LDL-C level (AOR=3.52, 95% CI=1.14-10.88) were associated with frailty.
CONCLUSION: Exercise, early screening and intervention for cardiovascular diseases and maintenance of lower LDL-C levels may prevent and slow the progression of frailty.
Clinical Recommendations for the use of Neurotropic B vitamins (B1, B6, and B12) for the Management of Peripheral Neuropathy: Consensus from a Multidisciplinary Expert Panel

Pinzon RT, Schellack N, Matawaran BJ, Tsang MW, Deerochanawong C, Hiew FL, et al.

J Assoc Physicians India, 2023 Jul;71(7):11-12.
PMID: 37449697 DOI: 10.59556/japi.71.0290

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is an insidious disease that is often asymptomatic during the early stages but which can have a significant impact on quality of life at later stages when nerve damage occurs. There is currently no guidance on the use of neurotropic B vitamins (B1, B6, and B12) for the management of asymptomatic and symptomatic PN.
OBJECTIVE: To provide guidance to primary care physicians on an integrated approach to managing PN with neurotropic B vitamins (B1, B6, and B12).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multidisciplinary panel of eight experts participated in an iterative quasi-anonymous Delphi survey consisting of two rounds of questions and a virtual meeting. A literature review formed the basis of the survey questions. The first round included multiple select, qualitative, and Likert Scale questions; the subsequent round consisted of 2-point scale (agree or disagree) questions that sought to develop consensus-based statements refined from the first round and recommendations derived from discussions during the virtual expert panel meeting.
RESULTS: Clinical recommendations for the use of neurotropic B vitamins (B1, B6, and B12) have been developed for the prevention of PN progression or to delay onset in patients at high risk of developing PN. Recommendations have also been provided for the assessment of PN etiology and considerations for the use of loading dose (high dose) and maintenance dose (lower dose) of these neurotropic B vitamins (B1, B6, and B12).
CONCLUSION: These clinical recommendations provide an initial step towards formulating comprehensive guidelines for the early and long-term management of PN with neurotropic B vitamins (B1, B6, and B12) and move beyond addressing only neuropathic pain associated with the late stages of PN.

MeSH terms: Humans; Neuralgia*; Quality of Life; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12/therapeutic use; Consensus
The Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS): A psychometric systematic review

Dao-Tran TH, Lam LT, Balasooriya NN, Comans T

J Adv Nurs, 2023 Dec;79(12):4521-4541.
PMID: 37449790 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15786

AIMS: To evaluate and synthesize psychometric properties of the MOS-SSS and to identify quality versions of MOS-SSS for use in future research and practice.
DESIGN: A psychometric systematic review.
DATA SOURCES: Articles about the translation, adaptation, or validation of the MOS-SSS in Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science and their reference lists published before 11 November 2022.
REVIEW METHODS: The review followed the Consensus Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments guidelines.
RESULTS: The review included 35 articles. Eleven versions of MOS-SSS (3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, and 22 items) have been validated in various populations and 13 languages. Of 14 studies developing a translated version of MOS-SSS, four studies performed both an experts' evaluation of content validity and a face validity test; two studies reported translation evaluation in the form of a content validity index. Of 35 studies, six performed both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis for structural validity; hypotheses and measurements for construct validity testings were often not clearly stated; two examined criterion validity; and four assessed cross-cultural validity. Internal consistency reliabilities were commonly examined by calculating Cronbach's alpha and reported satisfactory. Five studies analysed test-retest reliabilities using intra correlation coefficient. Methodological concerns exist.
CONCLUSION: The English 19-item, Farsi Persian 19-item, and Vietnamese 19-item versions are recommended for future use in research and practice. Italian 19-item and Malaysian 13-item versions are not recommended to be used in future research and practice. All other versions considered in this review have potential use in future research and practice. Proper procedures for developing a translated version of MOS-SSS and validating the scale are recommended.
IMPACT: The review identified quality versions of MOS-SSS to measure social support in future research and practice. The study also indicated methodological issues in current validation studies. Application of the study findings and recommendations can be useful to improve outcome measurement quality and maximize the efficiency of resource use in future research and practice.
NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This systematic review synthesized the evidence from previous research and did not involve any human participation.

MeSH terms: Humans; Psychometrics; Social Support*; Reproducibility of Results; Outcome Assessment (Health Care)*
Long-term spatiotemporal evolution and coordinated control of air pollutants in a typical mega-mountain city of Cheng-Yu region under the "dual carbon" goal

Li X, Abdullah LC, Sobri S, Syazarudin Md Said M, Aslina Hussain S, Poh Aun T, et al.

J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 2023 Sep;73(9):649-678.
PMID: 37449903 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2232744

Clarifying the spatiotemporal distribution and impact mechanism of pollution is the prerequisite for megacities to formulate relevant air pollution prevention and control measures and achieve carbon neutrality goals. Chongqing is one of the dual-core key megacities in Cheng-Yu region and as a typical mountain-city in China, environmental problems are complex and sensitive. This research aims to investigate the exceeding standard levels and spatio-temporal evolution of criteria pollutants between 2014 and 2020. The results indicated that PM10, PM2.5, CO and SO2 were decreased significantly by 45.91%, 52.86%, 38.89% and 66.67%, respectively. Conversely, the concentration of pollutant O3 present a fluctuating growth and found a "seesaw" phenomenon between it and PM. Furthermore, PM and O3 are highest in winter and summer, respectively. SO2, NO2, CO, and PM showed a "U-shaped", and O3 showed an inverted "U-shaped" seasonal variation. PM and O3 concentrations are still far behind the WHO, 2021AQGs standards. Significant spatial heterogeneity was observed in air pollution distribution. These results are of great significance for Chongqing to achieve "double control and double reduction" of PM2.5 and O3 pollution, and formulate a regional carbon peaking roadmap under climate coordination. Besides, it can provide an important platform for exploring air pollution in typical terrain around the world and provide references for related epidemiological research.Implications: Chongqing is one of the dual-core key megacities in Cheng-Yu region and as a typical mountain city, environmental problems are complex and sensitive. Under the background of the "14th Five-Year Plan", the construction of the "Cheng-Yu Dual-City Economic Circle" and the "Dual-Carbon" goal, this article comprehensively discussed the annual and seasonal excess levels and spatiotemporal evolution of pollutants under the multiple policy and the newest international standards (WHO,2021AQG) backgrounds from 2014 to 2020 in Chongqing. Furthermore, suggestions and measures related to the collaborative management of pollutants were discussed. Finally, limitations and recommendations were also put forward.Clarifying the spatiotemporal distribution and impact mechanism of pollution is the prerequisite for cities to formulate relevant air pollution control measures and achieve carbon neutrality goals. This study is of great significance for Chongqing to achieve "double control and double reduction" of PM2.5 and O3 pollution, study and formulate a regional carbon peaking roadmap under climate coordination and an action plan for sustained improvement of air quality.In addition, this research can advanced our understanding of air pollution in complex terrain. Furthermore, it also promote the construction of the China national strategic Cheng-Yu economic circle and build a beautiful west. Moreover, it provides scientific insights for local policymakers to guide smart urban planning, industrial layout, energy structure, and transportation planning to improve air quality throughout the Cheng-Yu region. Finally, this is also conducive to future scientific research in other regions of China, and even megacities with complex terrain in the world.

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