Browse publications by year: 2023

Fulltext The Nexus of Sports-Based Development and Education of Mental Health and Physical Fitness

Zhang T, Liu H, Lu Y, Wang Q

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2023 Feb 20;20(4).
PMID: 36834432 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043737

Physical inactivity has increased globally, particularly in developed nations. A high proportion of the human population is unable to meet the physical activity recommendation of the World Health Organisation due to hypertension, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and other medical conditions. Non-communicable diseases and mental health problems are becoming more prevalent, particularly in low and middle-income nations. This study aimed to determine the effectivenessof a mentorship programmeon university students' mental health and physical fitness. The intervention comprised the effects of sports-based development and education on physical fitness and mental health. A total of 196 and 234 students from two universities were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups, respectively. The primary outcomes were engagement in physical activities (number of push-ups for 1 min, the strength of hand grip (kg), and the Jump test while standing (cm)), body fat proportion and psychological resilience, self-efficacy, and relationship with family and schoolmates. Participants in the control group had access to a web-based health education game, whereas the intervention group wassubjected to intensive interventional activities for one month based on the eight principles of the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to compare the physical and mental components between the intervention and control groups. Relative to baseline, all the physical health components (push-ups, sit-ups, and jump tests), psychological resilience, relationship with family members, and self-efficacy increased significantly in the intervention compared to the control group. Body fat composition was significantly reduced in the intervention when compared tothe control group. In conclusion, the mentorship programme effectively improved the participants' physical and psychological health and could be developed further for application in a larger population.

MeSH terms: Humans; Mental Health*; Physical Fitness/psychology; Exercise; Hand Strength
Fulltext Phenotypic Characterization and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Novel Salmonella Bacteriophages Isolated from a Tropical Rainforest

Mutusamy P, Banga Singh KK, Su Yin L, Petersen B, Sicheritz-Ponten T, Clokie MRJ, et al.

Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Feb 12;24(4).
PMID: 36835084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043678

Salmonella infections across the globe are becoming more challenging to control due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Lytic phages may be suitable alternatives for treating these multidrug-resistant Salmonella infections. Most Salmonella phages to date were collected from human-impacted environments. To further explore the Salmonella phage space, and to potentially identify phages with novel characteristics, we characterized Salmonella-specific phages isolated from the Penang National Park, a conserved rainforest. Four phages with a broad lytic spectrum (kills >5 Salmonella serovars) were further characterized; they have isometric heads and cone-shaped tails, and genomes of ~39,900 bp, encoding 49 CDSs. As the genomes share a <95% sequence similarity to known genomes, the phages were classified as a new species within the genus Kayfunavirus. Interestingly, the phages displayed obvious differences in their lytic spectrum and pH stability, despite having a high sequence similarity (~99% ANI). Subsequent analysis revealed that the phages differed in the nucleotide sequence in the tail spike proteins, tail tubular proteins, and portal proteins, suggesting that the SNPs were responsible for their differing phenotypes. Our findings highlight the diversity of novel Salmonella bacteriophages from rainforest regions, which can be explored as an antimicrobial agent against MDR-Salmonella strains.

MeSH terms: Humans; Phenotype; Salmonella/genetics; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Rainforest
Fulltext A Three-Dimensional Xeno-Free Culture Condition for Wharton's Jelly-Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Pros and Cons

Koh B, Sulaiman N, Fauzi MB, Law JX, Ng MH, Yuan TL, et al.

Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Feb 13;24(4).
PMID: 36835154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043745

Xeno-free three-dimensional cultures are gaining attention for mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) expansion in clinical applications. We investigated the potential of xeno-free serum alternatives, human serum and human platelet lysate, to replace the current conventional use of foetal bovine serum for subsequent MSCs microcarrier cultures. In this study, Wharton's Jelly MSCs were cultured in nine different media combinations to identify the best xeno-free culture media for MSCs culture. Cell proliferation and viability were identified, and the cultured MSCs were characterised in accordance with the minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT). The selected culture media was then used in the microcarrier culture of MSCs to determine the potential of a three-dimensional culture system in the expansion of MSCs for future clinical applications, and to identify the immunomodulatory potential of cultured MSCs. Low Glucose DMEM (LG) + Human Platelet (HPL) lysate media appeared to be good candidates for replacing conventional MSCs culture media in our monolayer culture system. MSCs cultured in LG-HPL achieved high cell yield, with characteristics that remained as described by ISCT, although the overall mitochondrial activity of the cells was lower than the control and the subsequent effects remained unknown. MSC microcarrier culture, on the other hand, showed comparable cell characteristics with monolayer culture, yet had stagnated cell proliferation, which is potentially due to the inactivation of FAK. Nonetheless, both the MSCs monolayer culture and the microcarrier culture showed high suppressive activity on TNF-α, and only the MSC microcarrier culture has a better suppression of IL-1 secretion. In conclusion, LG-HPL was identified as a good xeno-free media for WJMSCs culture, and although further mechanistic research is needed, the results show that the xeno-free three-dimensional culture maintained MSC characteristics and improved immunomodulatory activities, suggesting the potential of translating the monolayer culture into this culture system in MSC expansion for future clinical application.

MeSH terms: Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Humans; Cell Culture Techniques/methods; Cell Proliferation; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells*
Fulltext Approaches in Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in TGFβ1-Induced Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells

Razali RA, Yazid MD, Saim A, Idrus RBH, Lokanathan Y

Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Feb 16;24(4).
PMID: 36835384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043974

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is an olive polyphenol with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HT treatment on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in primary human respiratory epithelial cells (RECs) isolated from human nasal turbinate. HT dose-response study and growth kinetic study on RECs was performed. Several approaches on HT treatment and TGFβ1 induction with varying durations and methods was studied. RECs morphology and migration ability were evaluated. Vimentin and E-cadherin immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting [E-cadherin, vimentin, SNAIL/SLUG, AKT, phosphorylated (p)AKT, SMAD2/3 and pSMAD2/3] were performed after 72-h treatment. In silico analysis (molecular docking) of HT was performed to evaluate the potential of HT to bind with the TGFβ receptor. The viability of the HT-treated RECs was concentration-dependent, where the median effective concentration (EC50) was 19.04 μg/mL. Testing of the effects of 1 and 10 µg/mL HT revealed that HT suppressed expression of the protein markers vimentin and SNAIL/SLUG while preserving E-cadherin protein expression. Supplementation with HT protected against SMAD and AKT pathway activation in the TGFβ1-induced RECs. Furthermore, HT demonstrated the potential to bind with ALK5 (a TGFβ receptor component) in comparison to oleuropein. TGFβ1-induced EMT in RECs and HT exerted a positive effect in modulating the effects of EMT.

MeSH terms: Humans; Vimentin/metabolism; Cadherins/metabolism; Dietary Supplements*; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism; Molecular Docking Simulation
Fulltext Natural Killer Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Promising Immunotherapeutic Strategy for Cancer: A Systematic Review

Chan AML, Cheah JM, Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Law JX

Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Feb 16;24(4).
PMID: 36835438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044026

Cancer is the second leading contributor to global deaths caused by non-communicable diseases. The cancer cells are known to interact with the surrounding non-cancerous cells, including the immune cells and stromal cells, within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to modulate the tumor progression, metastasis and resistance. Currently, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the standard treatments for cancers. However, these treatments cause a significant number of side effects, as they damage both the cancer cells and the actively dividing normal cells indiscriminately. Hence, a new generation of immunotherapy using natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T-lymphocytes or macrophages was developed to achieve tumor-specific targeting and circumvent the adverse effects. However, the progression of cell-based immunotherapy is hindered by the combined action of TME and TD-EVs, which render the cancer cells less immunogenic. Recently, there has been an increase in interest in using immune cell derivatives to treat cancers. One of the highly potential immune cell derivatives is the NK cell-derived EVs (NK-EVs). As an acellular product, NK-EVs are resistant to the influence of TME and TD-EVs, and can be designed for "off-the-shelf" use. In this systematic review, we examine the safety and efficacy of NK-EVs to treat various cancers in vitro and in vivo.

MeSH terms: Extracellular Vesicles*; Humans; Immunotherapy; Killer Cells, Natural; T-Lymphocytes; Tumor Microenvironment
Fulltext Integrative Roles of Dopamine Pathway and Calcium Channels Reveal a Link between Schizophrenia and Opioid Use Disorder

Thiagarajan SK, Mok SY, Ogawa S, Parhar IS, Tang PY

Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Feb 17;24(4).
PMID: 36835497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044088

Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms of substance use in schizophrenia. Brain neurons pose a potential to provide novel insights into the association between opioid addiction, withdrawal, and schizophrenia. Thus, we exposed zebrafish larvae at 2 days post-fertilization (dpf) to domperidone (DPM) and morphine, followed by morphine withdrawal. Drug-induced locomotion and social preference were assessed, while the level of dopamine and the number of dopaminergic neurons were quantified. In the brain tissue, the expression levels of genes associated with schizophrenia were measured. The effects of DMP and morphine were compared to vehicle control and MK-801, a positive control to mimic schizophrenia. Gene expression analysis revealed that α1C, α1Sa, α1Aa, drd2a, and th1 were up-regulated after 10 days of exposure to DMP and morphine, while th2 was down-regulated. These two drugs also increased the number of positive dopaminergic neurons and the total dopamine level but reduced the locomotion and social preference. The termination of morphine exposure led to the up-regulation of th2, drd2a, and c-fos during the withdrawal phase. Our integrated data implicate that the dopamine system plays a key role in the deficits in social behavior and locomotion that are common in the schizophrenia-like symptoms and opioid dependence.

MeSH terms: Animals; Locomotion/drug effects; Zebrafish; Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Fulltext Effects of Tele-Pilates and Tele-Yoga on Biochemicals, Physical, and Psychological Parameters of Females with Multiple Sclerosis

Najafi P, Hadizadeh M, Cheong JPG, Mohafez H, Abdullah S, Poursadeghfard M

J Clin Med, 2023 Feb 16;12(4).
PMID: 36836119 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041585

BACKGROUND: People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) suffer from some comorbidities, including physical and psychiatric disorders, low quality of life (QoL), hormonal dysregulation, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of tele-yoga and tele-Pilates on the serum levels of prolactin and cortisol and selected physical and psychological factors.
METHODS: Forty-five females with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, based on age (18-65), expanded disability status scale (0-5.5), and body mass index (20-32), were randomly assigned to tele-Pilates, tele-yoga, or control groups (n = 15). Serum blood samples and validated questionnaires were collected before and after interventions.
RESULTS: Following online interventions, there was a significant increase in the serum levels of prolactin (p = 0.004) and a significant decrease in cortisol (p = 0.04) in the time × group interaction factors. In addition, significant improvements were observed in depression (p = 0.001), physical activity levels (p < 0.001), QoL (p ≤ 0.001), and the speed of walking (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that tele-yoga and tele-Pilates training could be introduced as patient-friendly, non-pharmacological, add-on therapeutic methods for increasing prolactin and decreasing cortisol serum levels and achieving clinically relevant improvements in depression, walking speed, physical activity level, and QoL in female MS patients.
Fulltext SLC1A2 Gene Polymorphism Influences Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis

Yahya DN, Guad RM, Wu YS, Gan SH, Gopinath SCB, Zakariah HA, et al.

J Pers Med, 2023 Jan 31;13(2).
PMID: 36836504 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020270

SLC1A2 is a gene encoded for the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 which is responsible for glutamate reuptake from the synaptic cleft in the central nervous system. Recent studies have suggested that polymorphisms on glutamate transporters can affect drug dependence, leading to the development of neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders. Our study investigated the association of rs4755404 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the SLC1A2 gene with methamphetamine (METH) dependence and METH-induced psychosis and mania in a Malaysian population. The rs4755404 gene polymorphism was genotyped in METH-dependent male subjects (n = 285) and male control subjects (n = 251). The subjects consisted of the four ethnic groups in Malaysia (Malay, Chinese, Kadazan-Dusun, and Bajau). Interestingly, there was a significant association between rs4755404 polymorphism and METH-induced psychosis in the pooled METH-dependent subjects in terms of genotype frequency (p = 0.041). However, there was no significant association between rs4755404 polymorphism and METH dependence. Also, the rs455404 polymorphism was not significantly associated with METH-induced mania for both genotype frequencies and allele frequencies in the METH-dependent subjects, regardless of stratification into the different ethnicities. Our study suggests that the SLC1A2 rs4755404 gene polymorphism confers some susceptibility to METH-induced psychosis, especially for those who carry the GG homozygous genotype.
Fulltext A Binary Salt Mixture LiCl-LiOH for Thermal Energy Storage

Hassan N, Minakshi M, Ruprecht J, Liew WYH, Jiang ZT

Materials (Basel), 2023 Feb 08;16(4).
PMID: 36837062 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041434

For thermal energy storage, the most promising method that has been considered is latent heat storage associated with molten salt mixtures as phase-change material (PCM). The binary salt mixture lithium chloride-lithium hydroxide (LiCl-LiOH) with a specific composition can store thermal energy. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no information on their thermal stability in previous literature. The key objectives of this article were to investigate the thermophysical properties, thermal repeatability, and thermal decomposition behavior of the chosen binary salt mixture. FactSage software was used to determine the composition of the binary salt mixture. Thermophysical properties were investigated with a simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA). The thermal results show that the binary salt 32 mol% LiCl-68 mol% LiOH melts within the range of 269 °C to 292 °C and its heat of fusion is 379 J/g. Thermal repeatability was tested with a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) for 30 heating and cooling cycles, which resulted in little change to the melting temperature and heat of fusion. Thermal decomposition analysis indicated negligible weight loss until 500 °C and showed good thermal stability. Chemical and structural instability was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) by analysing the binary salt system before and after thermal treatment. A minor peak corresponding to lithium oxide was observed in the sample decomposed at 700 °C which resulted from the decomposition of LiOH at high temperature. The morphology and elemental distribution examinations of the binary salt mixture were carried out via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was conducted for surface analysis, and their elemental composition verified the chemical stability of the binary salt mixture. Overall, the results confirmed that the binary salt mixture is a potential candidate to be used as thermal energy storage material in energy storage applications of up to 500 °C.
Fulltext An Ultra-Thin, Triple-Band, Incident Angle-Insensitive Perfect Metamaterial Absorber

Jahan MI, Faruque MRI, Hossain MB, Abdullah S

Materials (Basel), 2023 Feb 15;16(4).
PMID: 36837252 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041623

We created an ultra-thin, triple-band incident angle-insensitive perfect metamaterial absorber (MMA) with a metallic patch and a continuous metal ground isolated by a central dielectric substrate. The top metallic patch, placed across the edges of the 0.58 mm thickness Rogers RO4003C (lossy) substrate, forms the bulk of the projected absorber's ultra-thin layer. Nonetheless, absorption is exceedingly strong, covering C-band, X-band and K-band and reaching levels of 97.8%, 99.9%, and 99.9%, respectively, under normal and even oblique (0° to 45°) incident conditions. In chosen ranges of frequency of 6.24, 10.608, and 18.624 GHz for both TM and TE mode, the displayed Q-factors were 62.4, 17.68, and 26.61, respectively. We correspondingly calculated the RAB (relative absorption bandwidth) to evaluate absorption performance. An equivalent circuit proved its performance capabilities, indicating that it would produce a high-quality MMA from ADS software. Furthermore, the absorber's performance has been verified in free space on a sample being tested using a different array of unit cells. Moreover, the proposed structures with HFSS simulators to display the MMA's absolute absorption at each absorption peak are somewhat inconsistent with the results of the CST simulator. Because of its superior performance, the ultra-thin absorber is suited for a wide range of applications, including satellite applications such as radar systems, stealth technology, imaging, and electromagnetic interference reduction.
Fulltext Potential of New Sustainable Green Geopolymer Metal Composite (GGMC) Material as Mould Insert for Rapid Tooling (RT) in Injection Moulding Process

Yin ATM, Rahim SZA, Al Bakri Abdullah MM, Nabialek M, Abdellah AE, Rennie A, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2023 Feb 19;16(4).
PMID: 36837352 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041724

The investigation of mould inserts in the injection moulding process using metal epoxy composite (MEC) with pure metal filler particles is gaining popularity among researchers. Therefore, to attain zero emissions, the idea of recycling metal waste from industries and workshops must be investigated (waste free) because metal recycling conserves natural resources while requiring less energy to manufacture new products than virgin raw materials would. The utilisation of metal scrap for rapid tooling (RT) in the injection moulding industry is a fascinating and potentially viable approach. On the other hand, epoxy that can endure high temperatures (>220 °C) is challenging to find and expensive. Meanwhile, industrial scrap from coal-fired power plants can be a precursor to creating geopolymer materials with desired physical and mechanical qualities for RT applications. One intriguing attribute of geopolymer is its ability to endure temperatures up to 1000 °C. Nonetheless, geopolymer has a higher compressive strength of 60-80 MPa (8700-11,600 psi) than epoxy (68.95 MPa) (10,000 psi). Aside from its low cost, geopolymer offers superior resilience to harsh environments and high compressive and flexural strength. This research aims to investigate the possibility of generating a new sustainable material by integrating several types of metals in green geopolymer metal composite (GGMC) mould inserts for RT in the injection moulding process. It is necessary to examine and investigate the optimal formulation of GGMC as mould inserts for RT in the injection moulding process. With less expensive and more ecologically friendly components, the GGMC is expected to be a superior choice as a mould insert for RT. This research substantially impacts environmental preservation, cost reduction, and maintaining and sustaining the metal waste management system. As a result of the lower cost of recycled metals, sectors such as mould-making and machining will profit the most.
Fulltext Sustainable Packaging Design for Molded Expanded Polystyrene Cushion

Kassim N, Rahim SZA, Ibrahim WARAW, Shuaib NA, Rahim IA, Karim NA, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2023 Feb 19;16(4).
PMID: 36837353 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041723

A molded expanded polystyrene (EPS) cushion is a flexible, closed-cell foam that can be molded to fit any packing application and is effective at absorbing shock. However, the packaging waste of EPS cushions causes pollution to landfills and the environment. Despite being known to cause pollution, this sustainable packaging actually has the potential to reduce this environmental pollution because of its reusability. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the accurate design parameter that can be emphasized in producing a sustainable design of EPS cushion packaging. An experimental method of drop testing and design simulation analysis was conducted. The effectiveness of the design parameters was also verified. Based on the results, there are four main elements that necessitate careful consideration: rib positioning, EPS cushion thickness, package layout, and packing size. These parameter findings make a significant contribution to sustainable design, where these elements were integrated directly to reduce and reuse packaging material. Thus, it has been concluded that 48 percent of the development cost of the cushion was decreased, 25 percent of mold modification time was significantly saved, and 27 percent of carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction was identified. The findings also aided in the development of productive packaging design, in which these design elements were beneficial to reduce environmental impact. These findings had a significant impact on the manufacturing industry in terms of the economics and time of the molded expanded polystyrene packaging development.
Fulltext Creep Properties and Analysis of Cross Arms' Materials and Structures in Latticed Transmission Towers: Current Progress and Future Perspectives

Asyraf MRM, Rafidah M, Madenci E, Özkılıç YO, Aksoylu C, Razman MR, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2023 Feb 20;16(4).
PMID: 36837376 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041747

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been selected as an alternative to conventional wooden timber cross arms. The advantages of FRP composites include a high strength-to-weight ratio, lightweight, ease of production, as well as optimal mechanical performance. Since a non-conductive cross arm structure is exposed to constant loading for a very long time, creep is one of the main factors that cause structural failure. In this state, the structure experiences creep deformation, which can result in serviceability problems, stress redistribution, pre-stress loss, and the failure of structural elements. These issues can be resolved by assessing the creep trends and properties of the structure, which can forecast its serviceability and long-term mechanical performance. Hence, the principles, approaches, and characteristics of creep are used to comprehend and analyse the behaviour of wood and composite cantilever structures under long-term loads. The development of appropriate creep methods and approaches to non-conductive cross arm construction is given particular attention in this literature review, including suitable mitigation strategies such as sleeve installation, the addition of bracing systems, and the inclusion of cross arm beams in the core structure. Thus, this article delivers a state-of-the-art review of creep properties, as well as an analysis of non-conductive cross arm structures using experimental approaches. Additionally, this review highlights future developments and progress in cross arm studies.
Fulltext A Compact Mu-Near-Zero Metamaterial Integrated Wideband High-Gain MIMO Antenna for 5G New Radio Applications

Hasan MM, Islam MT, Rahim SKA, Alam T, Rmili H, Alzamil A, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2023 Feb 20;16(4).
PMID: 36837381 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041751

This article demonstrates a compact wideband four-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system integrated with a wideband metamaterial (MM) to reach high gain for sub-6 GHz new radio (NR) 5G communication. The four antennas of the proposed MIMO system are orthogonally positioned to the adjacent antennas with a short interelement edge-to-edge distance (0.19λmin at 3.25 GHz), confirming compact size and wideband characteristics 55.2% (3.25-5.6 GHz). Each MIMO system component consists of a fractal slotted unique patch with a transmission feed line and a metal post-encased defected ground structure (DGS). The designed MIMO system is realized on a low-cost FR-4 printed material with a miniature size of 0.65λmin × 0.65λmin × 0.02λmin. A 6 × 6 array of double U-shaped resonator-based unique mu-near-zero (MNZ) wideband metamaterial reflector (MMR) is employed below the MIMO antenna with a 0.14λmin air gap, improving the gain by 2.8 dBi and manipulating the MIMO beam direction by 60°. The designed petite MIMO system with a MM reflector proposes a high peak gain of 7.1 dBi in comparison to recent relevant antennas with high isolation of 35 dB in the n77/n78/n79 bands. In addition, the proposed wideband MMR improves the MIMO diversity and radiation characteristics with an average total efficiency of 68% over the desired bands. The stated MIMO antenna system has an outstanding envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of <0.045, a greater diversity gain (DG) of near 10 dB (>9.96 dB), a low channel capacity loss (CCL) of <0.35 b/s/Hz and excellent multiplexing efficiency (ME) of higher than -1.4 dB. The proposed MIMO concept is confirmed by fabricating and testing the developed MIMO structure. In contrast to the recent relevant works, the proposed antenna is compact in size, while maintaining high gain and wideband characteristics, with strong MIMO performance. Thus, the proposed concept could be a potential approach to the 5G MIMO antenna system.
Fulltext "Bring Your Own Device"-A New Approach to Wearable Outcome Assessment in Trauma

Braun BJ, Histing T, Menger MM, Platte J, Grimm B, Hanflik AM, et al.

Medicina (Kaunas), 2023 Feb 19;59(2).
PMID: 36837604 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020403

Background and Objectives: Outcome data from wearable devices are increasingly used in both research and clinics. Traditionally, a dedicated device is chosen for a given study or clinical application to collect outcome data as soon as the patient is included in a study or undergoes a procedure. The current study introduces a new measurement strategy, whereby patients' own devices are utilized, allowing for both a pre-injury baseline measure and ability to show achievable results. Materials and Methods: Patients with a pre-existing musculoskeletal injury of the upper and lower extremity were included in this exploratory, proof-of-concept study. They were followed up for a minimum of 6 weeks after injury, and their wearable outcome data (from a smartphone and/or a body-worn sensor) were continuously acquired during this period. A descriptive analysis of the screening characteristics and the observed and achievable outcome patterns was performed. Results: A total of 432 patients was continuously screened for the study, and their screening was analyzed. The highest success rate for successful inclusion was in younger patients. Forty-eight patients were included in the analysis. The most prevalent outcome was step count. Three distinctive activity data patterns were observed: patients recovering, patients with slow or no recovery, and patients needing additional measures to determine treatment outcomes. Conclusions: Measuring outcomes in trauma patients with the Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) strategy is feasible. With this approach, patients were able to provide continuous activity data without any dedicated equipment given to them. The measurement technique is especially suited to particular patient groups. Our study's screening log and inclusion characteristics can help inform future studies wishing to employ the BYOD design.

MeSH terms: Smartphone; Humans; Treatment Outcome; Outcome Assessment (Health Care)*; Lower Extremity
Fulltext The Effect of Acetylene Carbon Black (ACB) Loaded on Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Nanofiber Membrane Electrolyte for DSSC Applications

Pujiarti H, Pangestu ZA, Sholeha N, Nasikhudin N, Diantoro M, Utomo J, et al.

Micromachines (Basel), 2023 Feb 04;14(2).
PMID: 36838094 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020394

Nanofiber membranes are starting to be used as an electrolyte storage medium because of their high porosity, which causes ionic conductivity, producing high energy. The ability of nanofiber membranes to absorb electrolytes proves their stability when used for a long time. In this study, the loading of acetylene carbon black (ACB) on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is made by the electrospun method, which in turn is applied as an electrolyte medium in DSSC. Materials characterization was carried out through FTIR to determine the functional groups formed and SEM to observe morphology and diameter distribution. Furthermore, for DSSC performance, efficiency and EIS tests were carried out. The optimum nanofiber membrane was shown by esPACB1, with the highest efficiency reaching 1.92% with a porosity of 73.43%, nanofiber diameter of 172.9 ± 2.2 nm, an absorbance of 1850, and an electron lifetime of 0.003 ms.
Fulltext Presence of Polyketide Synthase (PKS) Gene and Counterpart Virulence Determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Enhances Colorectal Cancer Progression In-Vitro

Kaur CP, Iyadorai T, Sears C, Roslani AC, Vadivelu J, Samudi C

Microorganisms, 2023 Feb 09;11(2).
PMID: 36838407 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020443

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) colonizes the human gut and is a causative factor of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). Retrospective studies conducted on K. pneumoniae PLA patients revealed subsequent CRC development in later years of their life with increasing prevalence of these strains harbouring polyketide synthase (PKS) genes. To our knowledge there are no known studies directly implicating K. pneumoniae with CRC to date. Our aims are to characterize K. pneumoniae isolates from CRC patients and investigate its effects on cell proliferation in vitro. K. pneumoniae isolates were characterized by screening virulence genes including polyketide synthase (PKS), biofilm assay, antibiotic susceptibility, and string test to determine hypervirulent (hvKp) strains. Solubilised antigens of selected K. pneumoniae isolates were co-cultured with primary colon cell lines and CRC cell lines (Stage I-IV) for 48 h. The enhancement of proliferation was measured through MTT and ECIS assay. Twenty-five percent of K. pneumoniae isolates were PKS-positive out of which 50% were hvKp strains. The majority of the isolates were from the more virulent serotype of K1 (30%) and K2 (50%). PKS-positive K. pneumoniae isolates did not possess genes to confer carbapenem resistance but instead were more highly associated with siderophore genes (aerobactin, enterobactin, and yersiniabactin) and allantoin metabolism genes (allS, allS2). Cell proliferation in primary colon, SW1116 (Stage I), and SW480 (Stage II) CRC cell lines were enhanced when co-cultured with PKS-positive K. pneumoniae antigens. ECIS revealed enhanced cell proliferation upon recurrent antigen exposure. This demonstrates the possible role that PKS-positive K. pneumoniae has in exacerbating CRC progression.
Fulltext Dental Luting Cements: An Updated Comprehensive Review

Heboyan A, Vardanyan A, Karobari MI, Marya A, Avagyan T, Tebyaniyan H, et al.

Molecules, 2023 Feb 08;28(4).
PMID: 36838607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041619

The cementation of indirect restoration is one of the most important steps in prosthetic and restorative dentistry. Cementation aims to bond the prosthetic restoration to the prepared enamel or enamel and dentine. Successful cementation protocols prevent biofilm formation at the margin between tooth and restoration and minimize mechanical and biological complications. With the advancements in dental cements, they have been modified to be versatile in terms of handling, curing, and bond strengths. This review presents updates on dental cements, focusing on the composition, properties, advantages, limitations, and indications of the various cements available. Currently, dental restorations are made from various biomaterials, and depending on each clinical case, an appropriate luting material will be selected. There is no luting material that can be universally used. Therefore, it is important to distinguish the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of luting materials in order to identify the best options for each case. Nowadays, the most commonly used dental cements are glass-ionomer and resin cement. The type, shade, thickness of resin cement and the shade of the ceramic, all together, have a tangible influence on the final restoration color. Surface treatments of the restoration increase the microtensile bond strength. Hence, the proper surface treatment protocol of both the substrate and restoration surfaces is needed before cementation. Additionally, the manufacturer's instructions for the thin cement-layer thickness are important for the long-term success of the restoration.

MeSH terms: Biocompatible Materials*; Cementation/methods; Composite Resins/chemistry; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements/chemistry; Materials Testing; Surface Properties
Fulltext A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacological Properties and Bioactive Components of Retama monosperma

El Yadini A, Elouafy Y, Amiri-Ardekani E, Shafiee M, Firouzi A, Sasani N, et al.

Molecules, 2023 Feb 10;28(4).
PMID: 36838696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041708

Retama monosperma L. (Boiss.) or Genista monosperma L. (Lam.), known locally as "R'tam", is a spontaneous and annual herb that belongs to the Fabaceae family. It is native to the Mediterranean regions, specifically in the desert areas and across the Middle Atlas in Morocco. This plant has been extensively used in folk medicine and it is rich in bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Current research efforts are focusing on the development of novel natural drugs as alternatives to various organic and non-organic chemical products from Retama monosperma. In addition, extract, and isolated compounds obtained from different parts of the chosen plant have been described to exhibit multiple biological and pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anti-helminthic, disinfectant, diuretic, and hypoglycemic effects. The plant-derived extract also acts as an antimicrobial agent, which is highly efficient in the treatment of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Its antiproliferative effects are associated with some mechanisms, such as the inhibition of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In light of these assessments, we critically highlight the beneficial effects of the flowers, stems, seeds extracts, and isolated compounds from R. monosperma (L.) Boiss in human health care, industrial, and other applications, as well as the possible ways to be employed as a potential natural source for future drug discovery.

MeSH terms: Humans; Plant Extracts/chemistry; Apoptosis; Genista*; Polyphenols/pharmacology
Fulltext One-Step Solvothermal Synthesis by Ethylene Glycol to Produce N-rGO for Supercapacitor Applications

Rahman MO, Nor NBM, Sawaran Singh NS, Sikiru S, Dennis JO, Shukur MFBA, et al.

Nanomaterials (Basel), 2023 Feb 08;13(4).
PMID: 36839033 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040666

Graphene and its derivatives have emerged as peerless electrode materials for energy storage applications due to their exclusive electroactive properties such as high chemical stability, wettability, high electrical conductivity, and high specific surface area. However, electrodes from graphene-based composites are still facing some substantial challenges to meet current energy demands. Here, we applied one-pot facile solvothermal synthesis to produce nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) nanoparticles using an organic solvent, ethylene glycol (EG), and introduced its application in supercapacitors. Electrochemical analysis was conducted to assess the performance using a multi-channel electrochemical workstation. The N-rGO-based electrode demonstrates the highest specific capacitance of 420 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 current density in 3 M KOH electrolyte with the value of energy (28.60 Whkg-1) and power (460 Wkg-1) densities. Furthermore, a high capacitance retention of 98.5% after 3000 charge/discharge cycles was recorded at 10 A g-1. This one-pot facile solvothermal synthetic process is expected to be an efficient technique to design electrodes rationally for next-generation supercapacitors.

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