Browse publications by year: 2024

  1. Samsudin N, Chua WC, Hasan H, Hassan SA, Deris ZZ
    Malays J Pathol, 2024 Apr;46(1):95-102.
    PMID: 38682849
    Borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (BORSA) are mecA-negative strains with oxacillin minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) close to the resistance breakpoint of ≥ 4μg/mL. Instead of producing penicillin-binding protein with low affinity to methicillin (oxacillin) mediated by mecA gene as in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), BORSA strains are characterised by the hyperproduction of β-lactamase enzymes, thus able to break down methicillin. Common laboratory methods to detect MRSA such as cefoxitin disk diffusion alone may fail to detect methicillin resistance due to BORSA. We report five cases of BORSA blood-stream infections in a university teaching hospital. All isolates were found to be susceptible to cefoxitin using disk diffusion, resistant to oxacillin using automated MIC method, and did not harbour mecA gene. All patients were suscessfully treated with anti-MRSA antibiotics, and removal of primary sources were done if identified. A more cost-effective method for screening and diagnosis of BORSA is needed in addition to cefoxitin disk diffusion test, in order to monitor the spread, and to enable routine detection and treatment of this pathogen.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Cefoxitin/pharmacology; Cefoxitin/therapeutic use; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects; Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
  2. Lai SK, Bakrin IH, Abd Rauf N, Abdul Raub SH
    Malays J Pathol, 2024 Apr;46(1):103-108.
    PMID: 38682850
    Spitz tumour with ALK rearrangement is a recently described entity and a rare tumour. The incidence of Spitz tumour was estimated at 3.63 per 100,000 persons in American paediatric population; while there is no data in Asian population. Here we reported a case of an eleven-year-old Asian boy who presented with a left shin nodule of two months' duration. The skin biopsy revealed a Spitz tumour with predominantly spindle cell morphology arranged in fascicles, vertically orientated nests and radial growth pattern. Junctional component, melanin pigment or Kamino bodies were not identified. Immunohistochemical study displayed homogenous cytoplasmic staining for ALK. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis confirmed ALK rearrangement. Review of the literatures demonstrated that positive ALK immunohistochemistry may not correlate with ALK rearrangement. ALK-rearranged Spitz tumour confirmed with FISH analysis favour clinically benign behaviour despite atypical histomorphology or positive sentinel lymph node. Therefore, correlation of histomorphology, immunohistochemical stain and molecular study are important for the definitive diagnosis of this entity.
    MeSH terms: Child; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics; Gene Rearrangement*; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
  3. Lai YY, Thambiah SC, Mohamed Mokhtar N, Samsudin IN
    Malays J Pathol, 2024 Apr;46(1):109-113.
    PMID: 38682851
    INTRODUCTION: Persistently elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) despite levothyroxine (LT4) treatment that exceeds the standard weight-adjusted dose is a common clinical presentation. This may lead to additional testing for LT4 malabsorption or poor LT4 adherence, the latter of which is challenging to confirm because it is predicated on accurate patient accountability.

    CASE REPORT: A 35-year-old lady, post-radioactive iodine therapy for Graves' disease remained euthyroid for a year on oral LT4. Two years later, she was clinically and biochemically hypothyroid despite claiming LT4 compliance. As all laboratory investigations were within the reference range, pseudomalabsorption was suspected and a LT4 absorption test was done. During the test, her free thyroxine increased significantly at 4 hours, reaching a peak of more than 50% from baseline while TSH decreased appropriately from 0 minute to 360 minutes. This was followed by normalisation of TSH with LT4 treatment under direct observation.

    DISCUSSION: The LT4 absorption test is a prompt and economical means to rule out true malabsorption, decrease unwarranted subspecialty referrals and validate the weight-adjusted LT4 dose reduction.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Female; Graves Disease/drug therapy; Humans; Thyrotropin/blood
  4. Kahwash SB, Roseberry B
    Malays J Pathol, 2024 Apr;46(1):115-116.
    PMID: 38682852
    No abstract available.
    MeSH terms: Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male
  5. Hamidi LR, Saaid R, Samberkar PN, Wong YP, Tan GC
    Malays J Pathol, 2024 Apr;46(1):117-118.
    PMID: 38682853
    No abstract available.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Facial Neoplasms/congenital; Facial Neoplasms/pathology; Female; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms/congenital; Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology; Pregnancy
  6. Mavinkurve M, Ramzi NH, Jalaludin MYB, Samingan N, Zaini AA
    J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol, 2024 Dec 04;16(4):411-418.
    PMID: 38683019 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2024.2024-1-8
    OBJECTIVE: Previous reports indicate that diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) rates in Malaysian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) range between 54-75%, which is higher than most European nations. Knowledge of trends and predictors of DKA can be helpful to inform measures to lower the rates of DKA. However, this data is lacking in Malaysian children. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the predictors and trends of DKA in Malaysian children at the initial diagnosis of T1DM.

    METHODS: This cross-sectional study examined demographic, clinical and biochemical data of all newly diagnosed Malaysian children aged 0-18 years with T1DM over 11 years from a single centre. Regression analyses were used to determine predictors and trends.

    RESULTS: The overall DKA rate was 73.2%, 54.9% of the DKA cases were severe. Age ≥5 years [odds ratio (OR): 12.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58, 95.58, p=0.017] and misdiagnosis (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.36, 10.24 p=0.01) were significant predictors of a DKA presentation. No significant trends in the annual rates of DKA, severe DKA nor children <5 years presenting with DKA were found during study period.

    CONCLUSION: DKA rates at initial diagnosis of T1DM in Malaysian children are high and severe DKA accounts for a notable proportion of these. Though misdiagnosis and age ≥5 years are predictors of DKA, misdiagnosis can be reduced through better awareness and education. The lack of downward trends in DKA and severe DKA highlights the urgency to develop measures to curb its rates.

    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Prognosis; Risk Factors
  7. Tiong IKR, Lau CC, Sorgeloos P, Mat Taib MI, Muhammad TST, Danish-Daniel M, et al.
    Mar Biotechnol (NY), 2024 Apr 29.
    PMID: 38683457 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10318-8
    The potential functional role(s) of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana, a crucial crustacean species for aquaculture and stress response studies, was investigated in this study. Though we have previously reported that Hsp70 knockdown may have little or no impact on Artemia development, the gestational survival and number of offspring released by adult females were impaired by obscuring Hsp70 synthesis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that several cuticle and chitin synthetic genes were downregulated, and carbohydrate metabolic genes were differentially expressed in Hsp70-knockdown individuals. A more comprehensive microscopic examination performed in this study revealed exoskeleton structural destruction and abnormal eye lenses featured in Hsp70-deficient adult females 48 h after Hsp70 dsRNA injection. Cysts produced by these Hsp70-deficient broods, instead, had a defective shell and were smaller in size, whereas nauplii had shorter first antennae and a rougher body epicuticle surface. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism caused by Hsp70 knockdown affected glycogen levels in adult Artemia females, as well as trehalose in cysts released from these broods, indicating that Hsp70 may play a role in energy storage preservation. Outcomes from this work provided novel insights into the roles of Hsp70 in Artemia reproduction performance, cyst formation, and exoskeleton structure preservation. The findings also support our previous observation that Hsp70 knockdown reduced Artemia nauplius tolerance to bacterial pathogens, which could be explained by the fact that loss of Hsp70 downregulated several Toll receptor genes (NT1 and Spaetzle) and reduced the integrity of the exoskeleton, allowing pathogens to enter and cause infection, ultimately resulting in mortality.
  8. Bajuri MY, Nordin A
    J Wound Care, 2024 May 02;33(5):298-303.
    PMID: 38683771 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2024.33.5.298
    OBJECTIVE: Activated carbon cloth (ACC), known as Zorflex dressing, has emerged as an innovative approach in managing bacterial infection in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) treatment. This pilot study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of Zorflex ACC dressing (Chemviron Carbon Cloth Division, UK) compared to standard silver-based dressing on DFUs.

    METHOD: An open label, comparative, randomised controlled trial enrolling patients who attended the diabetic foot clinic was conducted between August 2022 and August 2023. The primary endpoint was a difference of 20% in wound area reduction with the ACC dressing compared to silver-based dressing within eight weeks. The secondary endpoints were proportion of complete healing, time to healing and adverse events.

    RESULTS: The cohort comprised 40 patients. The mean wound reduction percentage at 8 weeks for patients in the ACC arm was 85.40±16.00% compared with 65.08±16.36% in the silver-based dressing arm. Complete healing was observed in six of 20 patients in the ACC arm compared to two of 20 in the silver-based dressing arm.

    CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the ACC dressing promotes better ulcer healing in DFU patients than the silver-based dressing.

    MeSH terms: Aged; Bandages*; Charcoal/administration & dosage; Charcoal/therapeutic use; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Silver/therapeutic use; Wound Healing*
  9. Wang Y, Li C, Zhao S, Wei Y, Li K, Jiang X, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2024 Apr;18(4):e0012158.
    PMID: 38683870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012158
    Vector-borne infectious disease such as dengue fever (DF) has spread rapidly due to more suitable living environments. Considering the limited studies investigating the disease spread under climate change in South and Southeast Asia, this study aimed to project the DF transmission potential in 30 locations across four South and Southeast Asian countries. In this study, weekly DF incidence data, daily mean temperature, and rainfall data in 30 locations in Singapore, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Thailand from 2012 to 2020 were collected. The effects of temperature and rainfall on the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) of DF transmission were examined using generalized additive models. Projections of location-specific Rt from 2030s to 2090s were determined using projected temperature and rainfall under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585), and the peak DF transmissibility and epidemic duration in the future were estimated. According to the results, the projected changes in the peak Rt and epidemic duration varied across locations, and the most significant change was observed under middle-to-high greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Under SSP585, the country-specific peak Rt was projected to decrease from 1.63 (95% confidence interval: 1.39-1.91), 2.60 (1.89-3.57), and 1.41 (1.22-1.64) in 2030s to 1.22 (0.98-1.51), 2.09 (1.26-3.47), and 1.37 (0.83-2.27) in 2090s in Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia, respectively. Yet, the peak Rt in Sri Lanka changed slightly from 2030s to 2090s under SSP585. The epidemic duration in Singapore and Malaysia was projected to decline under SSP585. In conclusion, the change of peak DF transmission potential and disease outbreak duration would vary across locations, particularly under middle-to-high greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Interventions should be considered to slow down global warming as well as the potential increase in DF transmissibility in some locations of South and Southeast Asia.
    MeSH terms: Aedes/growth & development; Aedes/physiology; Aedes/virology; Animals; Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Rain; Singapore/epidemiology; Sri Lanka/epidemiology; Temperature; Thailand/epidemiology; Incidence; Climate Change*
  10. Zhao H, Zhou Y, Che CC, Chong MC, Zheng Y, Hou Y, et al.
    JMIR Res Protoc, 2024 Apr 29;13:e55102.
    PMID: 38684089 DOI: 10.2196/55102
    BACKGROUND: Patients with gastric cancer experience different degrees of fear of cancer recurrence. The fear of cancer recurrence can cause and worsen many physical and psychological problems. We considered the "intimacy and relationship processes in couples' psychosocial adaptation" model.

    OBJECTIVE: The study aims to examine the effectiveness of a marital self-disclosure intervention for improving the level of fear of cancer recurrence and the dyadic coping ability among gastric cancer survivors and their spouses.

    METHODS: This is a quasiexperimental study with a nonequivalent (pretest-posttest) control group design. The study will be conducted at 2 tertiary hospitals in Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 42 patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy and their spouses will be recruited from each hospital. Participants from Jingjiang People's Hospital will be assigned to an experimental group, while participants from Taizhou People's Hospital will be assigned to a control group. The participants in the experimental group will be involved in 4 phases of the marital self-disclosure (different topics, face-to-face) intervention. Patients will be evaluated at baseline after a diagnosis of gastric cancer and reassessed 2 to 4 months after baseline. The primary outcome is the score of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF) for patients. The secondary outcomes are the scores of the FoP-Q-SF for partners and the Dyadic Coping Inventory.

    RESULTS: Research activities began in October 2022. Participant enrollment and data collection began in February 2023 and are expected to be completed in 12 months. The primary results of this study are anticipated to be announced in June 2024.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study aims to assess a marital self-disclosure intervention for improving the fear of cancer recurrence in Chinese patients with gastric cancer and their spouses. The study is likely to yield desirable positive outcomes as marital self-disclosure is formulated based on evidence and inputs obtained through stakeholder interviews and expert consultation. The study process will be carried out by nurses who have received psychological training, and the quality of the intervention will be strictly controlled.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05606549; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05606549.

    INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/55102.

    MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; China; Female; Humans; Male; Marriage/psychology; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Self Disclosure*; Spouses/psychology
  11. Kishore SC, Perumal S, Atchudan R, Edison TNJI, Sundramoorthy AK, Manoj D, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Oct;31(49):58818-58829.
    PMID: 38684614 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33437-0
    In this study, the fruit of Terminalia chebula, commonly known as chebulic myrobalan, is used as the precursor for carbon for its application in supercapacitors. The Terminalia chebula biomass-derived sponge-like porous carbon (TC-SPC) is synthesized using a facile and economical method of pyrolysis. TC-SPC thus obtained is subjected to XRD, FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyses for their structural and chemical composition. The examination revealed that TC-SPC has a crystalline nature and a mesoporous and microporous structure accompanied by a disordered carbon framework that is doped with heteroatoms such as nitrogen and sulfur. Electrochemical studies are performed on TC-SPC using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. TC-SPC contributed a maximum specific capacitance of 145 F g-1 obtained at 1 A g-1. The cyclic stability of TC-SPC is significant with 10,000 cycles, maintaining the capacitance retention value of 96%. The results demonstrated that by turning the fruit of Terminalia chebula into an opulent product, a supercapacitor, TC-SPC generated from biomass has proven to be a potential candidate for energy storage application.
    MeSH terms: Porosity; Biomass; Electric Capacitance*; Terminalia/chemistry
  12. Raffali MAA, Azmi MI, Muhammad SF, Che Hassan HH
    BMJ Case Rep, 2024 Apr 29;17(4).
    PMID: 38684352 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-260649
    A man in his 20s with no medical illness sustained a blunt chest injury with pneumothorax and lung contusion after involving in a motorbike accident. Five days postadmission, he subsequently had myocardial infarction with cardiac arrest, in which coronary angiogram and intravascular ultrasound showed diffused multivessel coronary artery dissection.
    MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Aneurysm, Dissecting/complications; Aneurysm, Dissecting/etiology; Coronary Vessels/injuries; Humans; Male; Coronary Angiography*; Ultrasonography, Interventional
  13. Shen T, Rasdi IB, Ezani NEB, San OT
    Sci Rep, 2024 Apr 29;14(1):9831.
    PMID: 38684780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60418-7
    Climate change is a serious environmental issue appearing in China. As a public service institution operating around the clock, the negative impact of hospitals on the environment is evident, promoting their workers' pro-environmental behavior (PEB) through increasing climate change health risk perception (CHRP) is an effective method to protect the environment and achieve sustainable development. This study investigates how CHRP shapes pro-environmental attitude (PEA), pro-environmental intention (PEI), and pro-environmental behavior (PEB) among hospital workers. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine the chain of causation from CHRP to PEB among hospital workers. The result shows that CHRP positively affects PEA and PEI, and PEI positively affects their PEB. In addition, although CHRP has no significant direct effect on PEB, it can play a crucial indirect effect through the mediating role of PEI. Moreover, the result of multiple regression shows that there are significant differences regarding PEA, PEI, and PEB.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Attitude; China; Female; Humans; Male; Perception; Surveys and Questionnaires; Intention*; Climate Change*
  14. Chin AHB, Nguma JB, Ahmad MF
    Fertil Steril, 2024 May;121(5):892.
    PMID: 38685268 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.12.019
    MeSH terms: Cultural Characteristics; Female; Humans; Male; Terminology as Topic; Religion and Medicine; Societies, Medical/standards; United States/epidemiology
  15. Farah N, Lim CW, Chin VK, Chong PP, Basir R, Yeo WWY, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2024 Apr 27;191:106665.
    PMID: 38685359 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106665
    Fungal infections caused by Candida species pose a serious threat to humankind. Antibiotics abuse and the ability of Candida species to form biofilm have escalated the emergence of drug resistance in clinical settings and hence, rendered it more difficult to treat Candida-related diseases. Lethal effects of Candida infection are often due to inefficacy of antimicrobial treatments and failure of host immune response to clear infections. Previous studies have shown that a combination of riboflavin with UVA (riboflavin/UVA) light demonstrate candidacidal activity albeit its mechanism of actions remain elusive. Thus, this study sought to investigate antifungal and antibiofilm properties by combining riboflavin with UVA against Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species. The MIC20 for the fluconazole and riboflavin/UVA against the Candida species tested was within the range of 0.125-2 μg/mL while the SMIC50 was 32 μg/mL. Present findings indicate that the inhibitory activities exerted by riboflavin/UVA towards planktonic cells are slightly less effective as compared to controls. However, the efficacy of the combination towards Candida species biofilms showed otherwise. Inhibitory effects exerted by riboflavin/UVA towards most of the tested Candida species biofilms points towards a variation in mode of action that could make it an ideal alternative therapeutic for biofilm-related infections.
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