Browse publications by year: 2025

  1. Sitalaksmi RM, Azharpratomo R, Irsan SN, Rahmania PN, Wati SM, Adam SS, et al.
    J Oral Biol Craniofac Res, 2025;15(1):63-68.
    PMID: 39758354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.12.002
    BACKGROUND: Tooth extraction without socket preservation will lead to reduction in the dimensions and volume of the alveolar bone. Bone defects resulting from tooth extraction not only hinder prosthetic reconstruction but also present aesthetic issues and complicating dental implant treatment. Purple leaves contains flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins,and non-toxic alkaloids. These compounds play roles as antimicrobials, immunomodulators, antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, analgesics. Hydroxyapatite has good biocompatibility, and can induce osteoblast differentiation.

    AIM: To investigate the effects of the combining nanoemulsion extract of purple leaves and hydroxyapatite on the expression of RUNX2, OSX, OPN, ALP, and calcium deposition.

    METHOD: This research used MTT Assay, ICC, and Alizarin Red staining. The study groups were as follows: Group 1: Ad-MSCs; Group 2: Ad-MSCs + αmem; Group 3: Ad-MSCs + osteogenic medium + 1 % nano-extract of Purple leaves & Hydroxyapatite; Group 4: Ad-MSCs + osteogenic medium + 2 % nano-extract of Purple leaves & Hydroxyapatite. Observations were conducted on days 7, 14, and 21.

    RESULTS: The combination of nanosuspension extract of Purple leaves and hydroxyapatite significantly increased the expression of RUNX2, OSX, OPN,ALP and calcium deposition compared to other groups. The combination of nanoemulsion extract of Purple leaves and hydroxyapatite were significant (P 

  2. Motaharinia A, Drelich JW, Sharif S, Ismail AF, Naeimi F, Glover A, et al.
    Mater Futur, 2025 Mar 01;4(1):012401.
    PMID: 39758543 DOI: 10.1088/2752-5724/ad9493
    Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are revolutionizing the field of interventional surgeries in the medical industry. Their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and a similar elastic modulus to natural bone make porous Mg-based structures potential candidates for orthopedic implants and tissue engineering scaffolding. However, fabricating and machining porous Mg-based structures is challenging due to their complexity and difficulties in achieving uniform or gradient porosity. This review aims to thoroughly explore various fabrication procedures used to create metallic scaffolds, with a specific focus on those made from Mg-based alloys. Both traditional manufacturing techniques, including the directional solidification of metal-gas eutectic technique, pattern casting, methods using space holders, and modern fabrication methods, which are based on additive manufacturing, are covered in this review article. Furthermore, the paper highlights the most important findings of recent studies on Mg-based scaffolds in terms of their microstructure specifications, mechanical properties, degradation and corrosion behavior, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility (both in vivo and in vitro). While extensive research has been conducted to optimize manufacturing parameters and qualities of Mg-based scaffolds for use in biomedical applications, specifically for bone tissue engineering applications, further investigation is needed to fabricate these scaffolds with specific properties, such as high resistance to corrosion, good antibacterial properties, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, and the ability to elicit a favorable response from osteoblast-like cell lines. The review concludes with recommendations for future research in the field of medical applications.
  3. Alrosan M, Tan TC, Easa AM, Gammoh S, Alu'datt MH, Kubow S, et al.
    Food Sci Biotechnol, 2025 Jan;34(1):65-78.
    PMID: 39758720 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01647-4
    In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing a distinguished alternative to human consumption of animal-based proteins. The application of lentil proteins in the food industry is typically limited due to their poor solubility and digestibility. An innovative method of balancing lentil-whey protein (LP-WP) complexes with higher-quality protein properties was established to address this issue, which coupled a pH-shifting approach with fermentation treatment. The results showed that microorganisms in the water kefir influenced the quality of protein structures and enhanced the nutritional values, including increasing the total phenolic compounds and improving the flavor of fermented LP-WP complexes. The protein digestibility, pH values, microbial growth, total soluble solids, and total saponin and phenolic contents were hydrolyzed for 5 days at 25 °C. The FTIR spectrophotometer scans indicated significant (P 
  4. Daniel A, Nagandla K, Daniel S
    Cureus, 2025 Jan;17(1):e76845.
    PMID: 39758862 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.76845
    INTRODUCTION: Simulation-based learning is a critical component in medical education, particularly for high-risk scenarios like obstetric emergencies. This study utilized Gagné's nine-step instructional model to design and evaluate a clinical simulation session on postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) management for fourth-year medical students.

    METHODS: The session was structured using Gagné's instructional events, including engaging case vignettes, multimedia presentations, guided practical activities, and immediate feedback. Pre- and post-tests measured knowledge gains, while a 12-item Likert scale questionnaire assessed student satisfaction. A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted to explore student perceptions and analyzed thematically to identify key areas for improvement.

    RESULTS: The session demonstrated significant knowledge improvement, with post-test scores (mean: 82.9%, 95% CI: 76.8-81.1) significantly higher than pre-test scores (mean: 68.4%, 95% CI: 60.7-66.1; p < 0.001). The instructional activities received high ratings (mean: 5/5), highlighting the alignment of objectives and content. The FGD thematic analysis revealed five key themes: "learning effectiveness", "realism and application", "feedback and improvement", "session challenges", and "recommendations for enhancement". Students suggested more diverse scenarios, extended debriefing sessions, and standardized feedback delivery.

    CONCLUSION: The integration of Gagné's instructional model into simulation-based learning enhanced knowledge acquisition and student satisfaction. Recommendations for improvement include refining feedback mechanisms, increasing session diversity, and extending reflective discussions. This approach supports its utility in teaching critical obstetric skills and highlights opportunities for further enhancement.

  5. Nur MMA, Mahreni, Murni SW, Setyoningrum TM, Hadi F, Widayati TW, et al.
    Biotechnol Rep (Amst), 2025 Mar;45:e00870.
    PMID: 39758973 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2024.e00870
    The increasing need for sustainable agricultural practices due to the overuse of chemical fertilizers has prompted interest in microalgae as biofertilizers. This review investigates the potential of microalgae as biofertilizers and phycoremediators within sustainable agroecosystems, addressing both soil fertility and wastewater management. Microalgae provide a dual benefit by absorbing excess nutrients and contaminants from wastewater, generating nutrient-rich biomass that can replace chemical fertilizers and support plant growth. Implementation strategies include cultivating microalgae in wastewater to offset production costs, using closed photobioreactor systems to enhance growth efficiency, and applying microalgal biomass directly to soil or crops. Additionally, microalgae extracts provide essential bioactive compounds, such as phytohormones and amino acids, that enhance plant growth and resilience. While microalgae offer an eco-friendly solution for nutrient recycling and crop productivity, challenges in scalability, production cost, and regulatory frameworks hinder widespread adoption. This review highlights the potential pathways and technological advancements necessary for integrating microalgae into sustainable agriculture, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative approaches to overcome these barriers. Ultimately, microalgae biofertilizers represent a promising approach to reducing environmental impact and advancing sustainable farming practices.
  6. Xiao W, Bu T, Zhang J, Cai H, Zhu W, Bai X, et al.
    BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, 2025 Jan 03;17(1):2.
    PMID: 39754208 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-01040-y
    BACKGROUND: The evidence indicates that functional training is beneficial for athletes' physical and technical performance. However, a systematic review of the effects of functional training on athletes' physical and technical performance is lacking. Therefore, this study uses a literature synthesis approach to evaluate the impact of functional training on the physical and technical performance of the athletic population and to extend and deepen the existing body of knowledge.

    METHODS: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and the researchers performed a systematic search of five international electronic databases using the predefined terms "functional training" and "athletes" on 15th November 2023: Web of Science, CINAHL PLUS, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. A PICOS approach was used to identify the following inclusion criteria: (1) athletes, (2) a functional training program, (3) an active control group, (4) a measure of physical and/or technical performance, and (5) randomized controlled studies. A methodological quality assessment of the original research was conducted using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (Pedro) scale. The review was performed using the PRIMSA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022347943).

    RESULTS: Of the 1059 potentially eligible studies identified, 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies included were conducted on 819 athletes from 12 different countries and were published between 2011 and 2023. The assessment was performed on the Pedro scale, and the mean Pedro score for the included studies was 5.57 (moderate quality, ranging from 4 to 10). The eligibility study reported on 14 different types of sports, with 22 studies focusing on physical performance and 11 studies focusing on technical performance. These studies have shown that functional training can significantly improve the physical and technical performance of athlete populations, but in some studies, no significant difference in the data was observed between groups.

    CONCLUSION: Functional training is an effective training method for enhancing the physical and technical performance of athlete populations. However, no significant difference in the data was observed between the functional training groups and the regular training group, which may be due to the duration of the training program, the different training experiences of the athletes, and the different focuses of the training regimens. Therefore, future studies should focus on the physical and technical performance of different sports groups with different types and durations of functional training programs to expand the current evidence base.

  7. Hassan SU, Abdulkadir SJ, Zahid MSM, Al-Selwi SM
    Comput Biol Med, 2025 Feb;185:109569.
    PMID: 39705792 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109569
    BACKGROUND: The interpretability and explainability of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence systems are critical for generating trust in their outcomes in fields such as medicine and healthcare. Errors generated by these systems, such as inaccurate diagnoses or treatments, can have serious and even life-threatening effects on patients. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is emerging as an increasingly significant area of research nowadays, focusing on the black-box aspect of sophisticated and difficult-to-interpret ML algorithms. XAI techniques such as Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) can give explanations for these models, raising confidence in the systems and improving trust in their predictions. Numerous works have been published that respond to medical problems through the use of ML models in conjunction with XAI algorithms to give interpretability and explainability. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the performance of the newly emerging LIME techniques within healthcare domains that require more attention in the realm of XAI research.

    METHOD: A systematic search was conducted in numerous databases (Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, MDPI, and PubMed) that identified 1614 peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2023.

    RESULTS: 52 articles were selected for detailed analysis that showed a growing trend in the application of LIME techniques in healthcare, with significant improvements in the interpretability of ML models used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.

    CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the integration of XAI techniques, particularly LIME, enhances the transparency and trustworthiness of AI systems in healthcare, thereby potentially improving patient outcomes and fostering greater acceptance of AI-driven solutions among medical professionals.

    MeSH terms: Machine Learning*; Algorithms; Diagnostic Imaging/methods; Humans
  8. Machavariani E, Bromberg DJ, Dumchev K, Esserman D, Earnshaw VA, Pykalo I, et al.
    Int J Drug Policy, 2025 Feb;136:104682.
    PMID: 39705875 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104682
    INTRODUCTION: People who inject drugs experience poor health and social outcomes which improve with opioid agonist therapies like methadone, yet provider stigma may influence healthcare utilization. In Ukraine, integrating methadone into primary care centers (PCCs) provides an opportunity to examine provider stigma and its impact on patient outcomes.

    METHODS: This sub-analysis included patients randomized to receive methadone in PCCs as part of an implementation trial in which the control group received methadone in specialty addiction clinics in Ukraine. Methadone integration in PCCs was supported through continuous tele-education for providers. Provider stigma towards people who inject drugs, methadone, and attitudes towards evidence-based practices were assessed at baseline, 12, and 24 months using standardized scales (range 1-10). Patient-level outcomes were measured bi-annually over 24 months using a quality health indicator (QHI) score, a percentage of guideline-concordant primary and specialty health services accessed. Linear mixed-effects models examined the changes in provider stigma and attitudes, and the association of these measures with patient outcomes.

    RESULTS: The sample included 583 patients and the 112 providers in 24 clinics. Provider fear and stereotypes toward people who inject drugs improved significantly, by 0.6 (95 % CI 0.2-1.1) and 0.4 points (95 % CI 0.1-0.8), respectively, as did preference for methadone over abstinence-based treatment (0.7 points, 95 % CI 0.2-1.1). A 1-point improvement in provider prejudice correlated with a 7.0-point increase (95 % CI: 1.1-13.0) in patient primary care QHI scores at 12 months, while improved attitudes towards evidence-based practices were associated with an 8.3-point increase (95 % CI: 1.1-13.0). Preference for methadone maintenance over abstinence was associated with a 3.7-point increase (95 % CI: 0.6-6.7) in specialty care QHI scores at 12 months, and reduced stereotypes were associated with a 10.9-point increase (95 % CI: 1.2-20.7) at 24 months.

    CONCLUSIONS: Integrating methadone into PCCs with the support of provider tele-education may reduce provider stigma, particularly fear and stereotypes, toward people who inject drugs and methadone maintenance. Reducing provider stigma has the potential to improve patient outcomes through increased access to preventive care and screenings.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Attitude of Health Personnel; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy; Opioid-Related Disorders/rehabilitation; Primary Health Care*; Ukraine; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; Quality Indicators, Health Care*; Social Stigma*; Opiate Substitution Treatment*
  9. Balaraman AK, Moglad E, Afzal M, Babu MA, Goyal K, Roopashree R, et al.
    Clin Chim Acta, 2025 Feb 01;567:120105.
    PMID: 39706249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.120105
    Pancreatic cancer is a highly fatal malignancy due to poor early detection rate and resistance to conventional therapies. This review examines the potential for liquid biopsy as a transformative technology to identify diagnostic and therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. Specifically, we explore emerging biomarkers such as exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Tumor-derived exosomes contain nucleic acid and protein that reflect the unique molecular landscape of the malignancy and can serve as an alternative diagnostic approach vs traditional biomarkers like CA19-9. Herein we highlight exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and other ncRNAs alongside ctDNA and CTC-based strategies, evaluating their combined ability to improve early detection, disease monitoring and treatment response. Furthermore, the therapeutic implications of ncRNAs such as lncRNA UCA1 and miR-3960 in chemoresistance and progression are also discussed via suppression of EZH2 and PTEN/AKT pathways. Emerging therapeutic strategies that target the immune response, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance are explored. This review demonstrates a paradigm shift in pancreatic cancer management toward personalized, less invasive and more effective approaches.
    MeSH terms: Humans; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
  10. Bahrami N, Asadollahi MA, Amiri H, Ashengroph M
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2025 Feb;289:138957.
    PMID: 39706453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138957
    Microbial production of xanthan gum from forage sorghum straw (FSS) was investigated. The important aspect investigated was the synthesis of xanthan gum using hemicellulose as a substrate (hemicellulose-derived xanthan), a process that has been relatively underexplored in the existing literature. Xanthomonas campestris ATCC 33913 and an isolated strain from orange peel, identified as X. axonopodis, were utilized for xanthan production. The FSS hydrolysate obtained by treatment under 120 °C for 30 min and overliming, yielded xanthan gum concentration of 7.1 g/L for X. campestris and 6.9 g/L for X. axonopodis. The lower molecular weights of xanthan gum produced from FSS (590 kDa for X. campestris and 550 kDa for the isolated X. axonopodis), compared to those from glucose suggest distinct advantages for specialized applications. Xanthan gum from FSS also possessed a higher ratio of acetate to pyruvate, ranging from 1.5:1 to 1.91:1 for X. axonopodis and from 1.33:1 to 1.75:1 for X. campestris. This characteristic renders it an attractive choice for certain applications in the food industry. By utilizing this strain, 11.71 g of hemicellulose-derived xanthan gum and 13.8 g of cellulose-derived xanthan gum per 100 g of FSS were obtained, indicating a conversion rate of 25.51 %.
    MeSH terms: Fermentation; Hydrolysis; Molecular Weight; Polysaccharides/biosynthesis; Polysaccharides/chemistry
  11. Subih H, Batayneh S, Obeidat B, Rashdan M, Obeidat F, Abuhmeidan JH, et al.
    Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2025 Mar;21(3):301-310.
    PMID: 39706719 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2024.10.011
    BACKGROUND: Metabolic bariatric surgeries are considered the finest and most appropriate treatment option for patients with severe obesity. Besides the surgical procedure, many factors appear to be associated with improved postoperative outcomes such as compliance to the postoperative diet and supplementation, regular physical activity, medical and nutritional follow-up, and modifications in dietary habits.

    OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of adherence to postoperative recommendations on anthropometric measurements and body composition and assess the percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) and excess weight loss (%EWL) 3 months postoperative.

    SETTINGS: Fifty-two participants who underwent a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy in the University of Jordan Hospital were included.

    METHODS: Participants have filled out a preoperative questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were obtained preoperative and 3 months postoperative using a Body Impedance Analyzer (Inbody 270). The adherence to postoperative recommendations was assessed by the Bariatric Surgery Self-management Questionnaire 3 months postoperative and classified to 3 adherence levels.

    RESULTS: Most anthropometric measurements decreased 3 months postoperative in the 3 adherence groups (P ≤ .05). No significant differences were observed between groups in anthropometric measurements and body composition, except for minerals and visceral fat levels. The mineral loss has decreased in both the high and intermediate adherence groups (-.09 ± .22 kg, and -.09 ± .18 kg, respectively). Also, the high adherence group showed less loss in protein amount postoperatively (P = .06). Visceral fat level decreased in the high adherence group (P ≤ .05).

    CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to postoperative behavioral and nutritional recommendations was associated with less protein and mineral loss and enhanced visceral fat reduction postoperatively.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Body Composition; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minerals/administration & dosage; Bariatric Surgery; Intra-Abdominal Fat*
  12. O-In W, Sirimahachai U, Chong KF, Lee SP, Rujiralai T
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2025 Jan;32(2):891-903.
    PMID: 39707133 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35798-y
    Cr2O3/g-C3N4 photocatalyst was successfully synthesized via the one-pot thermal polycondensation method by mixing different ratios of CrCl3.H2O and thiourea. Thiourea was used as the precursor for building g-C3N4. All samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical experiment (photocurrent and EIS). The photocatalytic performance of the composites was studied by the photodegradation process of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) and reactive orange 16 (RO16) under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the 1%Cr2O3/g-C3N4 was the most effective photocatalyst with 94.9% (30 min) and 80.6% (90 min) for degradation of RO16 and TC-HCl, respectively, when compared with the other ratios. Additionally, from the reactive species trapping test, superoxide radical was the major reactive species in this reaction. Finally, this material could be reused with great efficiency with 5 and 7 times for TC-HCl and RO16, respectively. The synthesized composites manifest the great potential for the wastewater treatment industry.
    MeSH terms: Catalysis; Graphite; Nitriles/chemistry; Photolysis; Tetracycline/chemistry; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Chromium Compounds; Nitrogen Compounds
  13. Mariappen LD, Ng RT, Chew KS, Foo JC, Chow TK, Thong PL, et al.
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2025 Feb;61(2):284-287.
    PMID: 39707610 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16749
  14. Balaraman AK, Babu MA, Moglad E, Mandaliya V, Rekha MM, Gupta S, et al.
    Pathol Res Pract, 2025 Feb;266:155785.
    PMID: 39708520 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155785
    Several molecular strategies based on targeted gene delivery systems have been developed in recent years; however, the CRISPR-Cas9 technology introduced a new era of targeted gene editing, precisely modifying oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and other regulatory genes involved in carcinogenesis. However, efficiently and safely delivering CRISPR-Cas9 to cancer cells across the cell membrane and the nucleus is still challenging. Using viral vectors and nanoparticles presents issues of immunogenicity, off-target effects, and low targeting affinity. Naturally, extracellular vesicles called exosomes have garnered the most attention as delivery vehicles in oncology-related CRISPR-Cas9 calls due to their biocompatibility, loading capacity, and inherent targeting features. The following review discusses the current progress in using exosomes to deliver CRISPR-Cas9 components, the approaches to load the CRISPR components into exosomes, and the modification of exosomes to increase stability and tumor-targeted delivery. We discuss the latest strategies in targeting recently accomplished in the exosome field, including modifying the surface of exosomes to enhance their internalization by cancer cells, as well as the measures taken to overcome the impacts of TME on delivery efficiency. Focusing on in vitro and in vivo experimentation, this review shows that exosome-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 can potentially treat cancer types, including pancreatic, lymphoma, and leukemia, for given gene targets. This paper compares exosome-mediated delivery and conventional vectors regarding safety, immune response, and targeting ability. Last but not least, we present the major drawbacks and potential development of the seemingly promising field of exosome engineering in gene editing, with references to CRISPR technologies and applications that may help make the target exosomes therapeutic in oncology.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Humans; Genetic Therapy/methods; Gene Transfer Techniques*
  15. Mohsin SS, Salman OH, Jasim AA, Al-Nouman MA, Kairaldeen AR
    Artif Intell Med, 2025 Feb;160:103057.
    PMID: 39708678 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2024.103057
    BACKGROUND: The term 'remote diagnosis' in telemedicine describes the procedure wherein medical practitioners diagnose patients remotely by using telecommunications technology. With this method, patients can obtain medical care without having to physically visit a hospital, which can be helpful for people who live in distant places or have restricted mobility. When people in the past had health issues, they were usually sent to the hospital, where they received clinical examinations, diagnoses, and treatment at the facility. Thus, hospitals were overcrowded because of the increase in the number of patients or in the death of some very ill patients given that the completion of medical operations required a significant amount of time.

    OBJECTIVE: This research aims to provide a literature review study and an in-depth analysis to (1) investigate the procedure and roles of remote diagnosis in telemedicine; (2) review the technical tools and technologies used in remote diagnosis; (3) review the diseases diagnosed remotely in telemedicine; (4) compose a crossover taxonomy among diseases, technologies, and telemedicine; (5) present lists of input variables, vital signs, data and output decisions already applied in remote diagnosis; (6) Summarize the performance assessment measures utilized to assess and validate remote diagnosis models; and (7) identify and categorize open research issues while providing recommendations for future advancements in intelligent remote diagnosis within telemedicine systems.

    METHODS: A systematic search was conducted using online libraries for articles published from 1 January 2016 to 13 September 2023 in IEEE, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, and Web of Science. Notably, searches were limited to articles in the English language. The papers examine remote diagnosis in telemedicine, the technologies employed for this function, and the ramifications of diagnosing patients outside hospital settings. Each selected study was synthesized to furnish proof about the implementation of remote diagnostics in telemedicine.

    RESULTS: A new crossover taxonomy between the most important diagnosed diseases and technologies used for this purpose and their relationship with telemedicine tiers is proposed. The functions executed at each tier are elucidated. Additionally, a compilation of diagnostic technologies is provided. Additionally, open research difficulties, advantages of remote diagnosis in telemedicine, and suggestions for future research prospects that require attention are systematically organized and presented.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study reviews the role of remote diagnosis in telemedicine, with a focus on key technologies and current approaches. This study highlights research challenges, provides recommendations for future directions, and addresses research gaps and limitations to provide a clear vision of remote diagnosis in telemedicine. This study emphasizes the advantages of existing research and opens the possibility for new directions and smart healthcare solutions.

    MeSH terms: Diagnosis*; Humans; Telemedicine*; Remote Consultation
  16. Imran M, Abdullah AZ, Khan ME, Mohammad A
    J Environ Manage, 2025 Jan;373:123759.
    PMID: 39708681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123759
    Researchers in the field of photocatalysis are interested in finding a solution to the problem of charge transfer and recombination in photodegradation mechanisms. The ideal photoactive catalyst would be inexpensive, environmentally friendly, easily manufactured, and highly efficient. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and metal oxide (MOx) based nanocomposites (g-CN/MOx) are among the photocatalysts that provide the best results in terms of charge transfer capacity, redox capabilities, and charge recombination inhibition. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on antibiotic removal from wastewater using photocatalysts based on g-C3N4 and metal oxides nanocomposites. Amoxicillin (AMX), Azithromycin (AZM), Cefixime (CFM), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), and Tetracycline (TC) are some of the common antibiotics that are the focus of this review article's examination of the photocatalytic behavior of various g-C3N4/metal oxide-based photocatalysts. A research gap demonstrates that many studies are required to use these nanocomposites for photodegradation of antibiotics. By providing a better grasp of the photocatalysis process, this review encourages scientists and researchers to develop an accurate and appropriate photocatalyst to reduce environmental risks. The main findings of this review article suggest that the cost-effective g-C3N4/MOx-based nanocomposites exhibit excellent photodegradation properties, high charge transfer, broadening light response, and charge separation. They promote enhanced charge transportation, superior electron conductivity, high redox capability, and suppressing charge recombination rate. The photodegradation mechanism involves various reactive oxygen species (ROSs), including superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and holes which promotes the photocatalysis process. The exact transportation mechanism of electrons and holes is unclear, but a rapid charge-carrier transit can significantly increase and speed up the photooxidation process.
    MeSH terms: Catalysis; Metals/chemistry; Nitriles/chemistry; Oxides/chemistry; Photolysis; Nitrogen Compounds/chemistry; Nanostructures/chemistry; Nanocomposites/chemistry
  17. Delanerolle G, Phiri P, Elneil S, Talaulikar V, Eleje GU, Kareem R, et al.
    Lancet Glob Health, 2025 Feb;13(2):e196-e198.
    PMID: 39708829 DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00528-X
  18. Hussain S, Brewer E, Tyler E
    J Affect Disord, 2025 Mar 15;373:133-148.
    PMID: 39709142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.067
    BACKGROUND: Previous research on bipolar disorder (BD) primarily focused on younger adults, with limited research on older adults. This systematic review is the first to investigate how mania and depression are measured in older adults with BD.

    METHODS: The searches were completed in April 2024 using the databases PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, and Embase. Fifteen studies with a total of 1041 participants were included. These studies used quantitative measures to assess mania and depression in participants aged 50-98 with BD I or II. The studies' risk of bias was evaluated using the appropriate critical appraisal tools.

    RESULTS: The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) was the most commonly used measure of mania, while the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were the most commonly used measures of depression. The pooled analysis revealed that older adult scores on the YMRS were relatively similar to younger cohorts in both euthymic and manic states. Variability in scores was seen across the depression scales.

    LIMITATIONS: The review followed rigorous systematic processes. However, in some studies, the participant's mood state was unknown, possibly impacting their pooled scores on the measures.

    CONCLUSIONS: The findings from the review add to our existing knowledge regarding the presentation of mania and depression in later life. There is still a great disparity in research developed for the older BD population. Large-scale studies are warranted to inform the development of tailored measures and interventions to improve the outcomes for this population.

    MeSH terms: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales*
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