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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for immunomodulation and regeneration: a next generation therapeutic tool?

Kou M 1 , Huang L 1 , Yang J 1 , Chiang Z 2 , Chen S 1 , Liu J 3 Show all authors , Guo L 1 , Zhang X 1 , Zhou X 1 , Xu X 4 , Yan X 5 , Wang Y 6 , Zhang J 1 , Xu A 3 , Tse HF 7 , Lian Q 8

Affiliations 

  • 1 Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
  • 2 Department of Allied Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Tunku Abdul Rahman University, Ipoh, Malaysia
  • 3 State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
  • 4 Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
  • 5 Department of Chemical Biology, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
  • 6 Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
  • 7 Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
  • 8 Cord Blood Bank Centre, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. qzlian@hku.hk
Cell Death Dis, 2022 Jul 04;13(7):580.
PMID: 35787632 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05034-x

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be widely isolated from various tissues including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue, with the potential for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. There is compelling evidence that the therapeutic effect of MSCs mainly depends on their paracrine action. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are fundamental paracrine effectors of MSCs and play a crucial role in intercellular communication, existing in various body fluids and cell supernatants. Since MSC-derived EVs retain the function of protocells and have lower immunogenicity, they have a wide range of prospective therapeutic applications with advantages over cell therapy. We describe some characteristics of MSC-EVs, and discuss their role in immune regulation and regeneration, with emphasis on the molecular mechanism and application of MSC-EVs in the treatment of fibrosis and support tissue repair. We also highlight current challenges in the clinical application of MSC-EVs and potential ways to overcome the problem of quality heterogeneity.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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