Maternal hypertensive disorders among Individuals of reproductive age (15-49 Years) in South Asia: A global Burden of Disease study (1990-2021) with future Projections

Shabil M 1 , Gaidhane AM 2 , Vadia N 3 , Menon SV 4 , Chennakesavulu K 5 , Panigrahi R 6 Show all authors , Bushi G 7 , Jena D 8 , Kumar H 9 , Rani A 10 , Sah S 11 , Singh M 12 , Goh KW 13 , Jain L 14

Affiliations 

  • 1 University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India; Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia. Electronic address: mohdshabil99@gmail.com
  • 2 Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, and Global Health Academy, School of Epidemiology and Public Health. Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India. Electronic address: abhay.psm@dmiher.edu.in
  • 3 Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360003 Gujarat, India. Electronic address: nasirbhai.vadia@marwadieducation.edu.in
  • 4 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: v.soumya@jainuniversity.ac.in
  • 5 Department of Chemistry, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: chennakesavulureddy.chemistry@sathyabama.ac.in
  • 6 Department of Microbiology, IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India. Electronic address: rajashreepanigrahy@soa.ac.in
  • 7 Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India. Electronic address: ganeshbushi313@gmail.com
  • 8 Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140417 Punjab, India; Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India. Electronic address: diptismita.jena@gmail.com
  • 9 New Delhi Institute of Management, Tughlakabad Institutional Area, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: harish.kumar@ndimdelhi.org
  • 10 Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Clement Town, Dehradun 248002, India; Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun, India. Electronic address: anjurani@geu.ac.in
  • 11 Department of Paediatrics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Pimpri, Pune 411018 Maharashtra, India; Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be-University), Pimpri, Pune 411018 Maharashtra, India; Department of Medicine, Korea Universtiy, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: sanjitsahnepal561@gmail.com
  • 12 Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India. Electronic address: thesinghmp@gmail.com
  • 13 Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia. Electronic address: khangwen.goh@newinti.edu.my
  • 14 Global Centre for Evidence Synthesis (GCES), Chandigarh, India. Electronic address: lavijain001@gmail.com
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2025 Mar 07;308:214-221.
PMID: 40086257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2025.03.012

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Maternal hypertensive disorders (HDP) remain a major contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in South Asia, where healthcare disparities persist.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze trends in maternal hypertensive disorders across South Asia from 1990 to 2021, leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare interventions and provide actionable recommendations.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis using GBD 2021 data for Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Health trends such as prevalence, incidence, and maternal mortality ratios (MMR) were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Join point regression. This approach allowed us to identify significant changes and trends over the studied period.

RESULTS: The study revealed significant declines in the prevalence and MMR associated with maternal hypertensive disorders across the region. Notable reductions were observed in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, while Pakistan showed minimal improvement, indicating ongoing healthcare challenges. The analysis underscores substantial regional disparities, particularly in Pakistan, which reported higher prevalence rates and MMR across all age groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that targeted healthcare interventions can effectively reduce the burden of maternal hypertensive disorders in South Asia. However, persistent disparities in Pakistan highlight the need for region-specific strategies to address gaps in healthcare access and quality. Strengthening healthcare policies and improving intervention coverage could further mitigate the burden of HDP in South Asia.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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