Ischemic optic neuropathy as a model of neurodegenerative disorder: A review of pathogenic mechanism of axonal degeneration and the role of neuroprotection

Khalilpour S 1 , Latifi S 2 , Behnammanesh G 3 , Majid AM 4 , Majid AS 5 , Tamayol A 6

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
  • 2 Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
  • 3 Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, USA
  • 4 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
  • 5 Centre for Natural Product and Angiogenesis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University, Malaysia
  • 6 Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02139, MA, USA. Electronic address: atamayol@partners.org
J Neurol Sci, 2017 Apr 15;375:430-441.
PMID: 28320183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.12.044

Abstract

Optic neuropathy is a neurodegenerative disease which involves optic nerve injury. It is caused by acute or intermittent insults leading to visual dysfunction. There are number of factors, responsible for optic neuropathy, and the optic nerve axon is affected in all type which causes the loss of retinal ganglion cells. In this review we will highlight various mechanisms involved in the cell loss cascades during axonal degeneration as well as ischemic optic neuropathy. These mechanisms include oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, angiogenesis, neuroinflammation and apoptosis following retinal ischemia. We will also discuss the effect of neuroprotective agents in attenuation of the negative effect of factors involve in the disease occurrence and progression.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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