The influence of omega-3 supplementation on vitamin D levels in humans: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Alhabeeb H 1 , Kord-Varkaneh H 2 , Tan SC 3 , Găman MA 4 , Otayf BY 5 , Qadri AA 5 Show all authors , Alomar O 6 , Salem H 6 , Al-Badawi IA 6 , Abu-Zaid A 7

Affiliations 

  • 1 Clinical Research, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 2 Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • 3 UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 4 Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  • 5 College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  • 6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 7 Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2020 Dec 25.
PMID: 33356450 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1863905

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Inconsistencies exist with regard to the influence of omega-3 supplementation on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, which could be attributed to many factors, such as the duration and dose of omega-3 supplementation, and individuals' baseline 25(OH)D levels. Therefore, to address the inconsistencies, we conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to accurately determine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on 25(OH)D levels in humans.

METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search in Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases from inception up to January 2020. We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We used weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the influence of omega-3 supplementation on serum 25(OH)D levels using the random-effects model.

RESULTS: Our pooled results of 10 RCTs demonstrated an overall significant increase in 25(OH)D levels following omega-3 intake (WMD = 3.77 ng/ml, 95% CI: 1.29, 6.25). In addition, 25(OH)D levels were significantly increased when the intervention duration lasted >8 weeks and when the baseline serum 25(OH)D level was ˂20 ng/ml. Moreover, omega-3 intake ≤1000 mg/day resulted in higher 25(OH)D levels compared to omega-3 intake >1000 mg/day.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, omega-3 supplementation increased 25(OH)D concentrations, particularly with dosages ≤1000 mg/day and intervention durations >8 weeks.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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