Affiliations 

  • 1 Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 2 Faculty of Pharmacy & Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
  • 3 Department of Pharmacology, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
  • 4 Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selngor, 47500, Malaysia
  • 5 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, 30450, Malaysia
  • 6 Faculty of Applied Science & Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
  • 7 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (LIT-Pharmacy), Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144411, India
  • 8 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
  • 9 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
  • 10 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam BinAbdulaziz University, AlKharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
  • 11 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
  • 12 Faculty of Pharmacy & Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia. Electronic address: nfulorias@gmail.com
Chem Biol Interact, 2022 Jan 05;351:109735.
PMID: 34742684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109735

Abstract

Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a cell surface transmembrane receptor that mediates the tyrosine signaling pathway to carry the extracellular messages inside the cell and thereby alter the function of nucleus. This leads to the generation of various protein products to up or downregulate the cellular function. It is encoded by cell erythroblastosis virus oncogene B1, so called C-erb B1/ERBB2/HER-2 gene that acts as a proto-oncogene. It belongs to the HER-2 receptor-family in breast cancer and responds best with anti-Herceptin therapy (anti-tyrosine kinase monoclonal antibody). HER-2 positive breast cancer patient exhibits worse prognosis without Herceptin therapy. Similar incidence and prognosis are reported in other epithelial neoplasms like EGFR + lung non-small cell carcinoma and glioblastoma (grade IV brain glial tumor). Present study highlights the role and connectivity of EGF with various cancers via signaling pathways, cell surface receptors mechanism, macromolecules, mitochondrial genes and neoplasm. Present study describes the EGFR associated gene expression profiling (in breast cancer and NSCLC), relation between mitrochondrial genes and carcinoma, and several in vitro and in vivo models to screen the synergistic effect of various combination treatments. According to this study, although clinical studies including targeted treatments, immunotherapies, radiotherapy, TKi-EGFR combined targeted therapy have been carried out to investigate the synergism of combination therapy; however still there is a gap to apply the scenarios of experimental and clinical studies for further developments. This review will give an idea about the transition from experimental to most advanced clinical studies with different combination drug strategies to treat cancer.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.