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Fulltext A Brief Overview of Potential Treatments for Viral Diseases Using Natural Plant Compounds: The Case of SARS-Cov

Abiri R, Abdul-Hamid H, Sytar O, Abiri R, Bezerra de Almeida E, Sharma SK, et al.

Molecules, 2021 Jun 24;26(13).
PMID: 34202844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133868

The COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the more general global increase in viral diseases, has led researchers to look to the plant kingdom as a potential source for antiviral compounds. Since ancient times, herbal medicines have been extensively applied in the treatment and prevention of various infectious diseases in different traditional systems. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential antiviral activity of plant compounds as effective and reliable agents against viral infections, especially by viruses from the coronavirus group. Various antiviral mechanisms shown by crude plant extracts and plant-derived bioactive compounds are discussed. The understanding of the action mechanisms of complex plant extract and isolated plant-derived compounds will help pave the way towards the combat of this life-threatening disease. Further, molecular docking studies, in silico analyses of extracted compounds, and future prospects are included. The in vitro production of antiviral chemical compounds from plants using molecular pharming is also considered. Notably, hairy root cultures represent a promising and sustainable way to obtain a range of biologically active compounds that may be applied in the development of novel antiviral agents.
Fulltext A case report of gastric volvulus, a rare cause of acute abdomen

Qader AQ, Abdul Hamid H

Radiol Case Rep, 2021 Jul;16(7):1907-1911.
PMID: 34093935 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.04.059

Gastric volvulus is an uncommon disorder with an unknown incidence, unless it stays in the back of the diagnostician's mind, diagnosis of gastric volvulus, which can have significant morbidity and mortality associated with it, can be easily missed and can present either in the acute or chronic setting with variable symptoms. When it occurs in the acute scenario, patients present with severe epigastric pain and retching without vomiting. Together with inability to pass nasogastric tube, they constitute Borchardt's triad. The presence of a hiatal hernia with persistent vomiting despite initial antiemetic treatment should trigger one to think of gastric volvulus, despite the patient appearing very stable. We report a case which presented in our hospital with abdominal pain and vomiting. As Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy shows hiatal hernia and peptic ulcer. Primary gastric volvulus occurs in the absence of any defect in the diaphragm or adjacent organ pathology and may be caused by weakening of gastric supports. As conclusion; Gastric volvulus is a surgical case, requiring early diagnosis and aggressive management, as a delay results into complications like gangrene and perforation which substantially increase the morbidity and mortality in these patients, and contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is the best modality for diagnosis of gastric volvulus.
Fulltext A case report of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia with LDLR gene mutation complicated by premature coronary artery disease detected in primary care

Abdul-Halim MAZ, Abdul-Hamid H, Baharudin N, Mohamed-Yassin MS, Kasim SS, Nawawi H, et al.

Eur Heart J Case Rep, 2024 Feb;8(2):ytae039.
PMID: 38425725 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytae039

BACKGROUND: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition predominantly caused by the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene mutation.
CASE SUMMARY: This is the case of a 54-year-old Malay woman with genetically confirmed FH complicated by premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). She was clinically diagnosed in primary care at 52 years old, fulfilling the Simon Broome Criteria (possible FH), Dutch Lipid Clinic Criteria (score of 8: probable FH), and Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Case Ascertainment Tool (relative risk score of 9.51). Subsequently, she was confirmed to have a heterozygous LDLR c.190+4A>T intron 2 pathogenic variant at the age of 53 years. She was known to have hypercholesterolaemia and was treated with statin since the age of 25. However, the lipid-lowering agent was not intensified to achieve the recommended treatment target. The delayed FH diagnosis has caused this patient to have PCAD and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at the age of 29 years and a second PCI at the age of 49 years. She also has a very strong family history of hypercholesterolaemia and PCAD, where seven out of eight of her siblings were affected. Despite this, FH was not diagnosed early, and cascade screening of family members was not conducted, resulting in a missed opportunity to prevent PCAD.
DISCUSSION: Familial hypercholesterolaemia can be clinically diagnosed in primary care to identify those who may require genetic testing. Multidisciplinary care focuses on improving identification, cascade screening, and management of FH, which is vital to improving prognosis and ultimately preventing PCAD.
Fulltext Age and Sex Differences in LDL Cholesterol Distribution in Adults in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study (2010-2021)

Chalitsios CV, Akyea RK, Abdul-Hamid H, Leonardi-Bee J, Kanchau JD, Kamal A, et al.

Int J Gen Med, 2023;16:5885-5888.
PMID: 38111851 DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S423091
Age- and size-related changes in physiological characteristics and chemical composition of Acer pseudoplatanus and Fraxinus excelsior trees

Abdul-Hamid H, Mencuccini M

Tree Physiol, 2009 Jan;29(1):27-38.
PMID: 19203930 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpn001

Forest growth is an important factor both economically and ecologically, and it follows a predictable trend with age. Generally, growth accelerates as canopies develop in young forests and declines substantially soon after maximum leaf area is attained. The causes of this decline are multiple and may be linked to age- or size-related processes, or both. Our objective was to determine the relative effects of tree age and tree size on the physiological attributes of two broadleaf species. As age and size are normally coupled during growth, an approach based on grafting techniques to separate the effects of size from those of age was adopted. Genetically identical grafted seedlings were produced from scions taken from trees of four age classes, ranging from 4 to 162 years. We found that leaf-level net photosynthetic rate per unit of leaf mass and some other leaf structural and biochemical characteristics had decreased substantially with increasing size of the donor trees in the field, whereas other gas exchange parameters expressed on a leaf area basis did not. In contrast, these parameters remained almost constant in grafted seedlings, i.e., scions taken from donor trees with different meristematic ages show no age-related trend after they were grafted onto young rootstocks. In general, the results suggested that size-related limitations triggered the declines in photosynthate production and tree growth, whereas less evidence was found to support a role of meristematic age.
An anatomico-radiological study of the grooves for occipital sinus in the posterior cranial fossa

Das S, Abd Latiff A, Suhaimi FH, Othman FB, Yahaya MF, Ahmad F, et al.

Bratisl Lek Listy, 2008;109(11):520-4.
PMID: 19205565

The occipital sinus (OS) lies in the attached margin of the faix cerebelli in the internal occipital crest of the occipital bone. The OS extends from the foramen magnum to the confluence of sinuses. Standard textbooks and research reports do not describe in detail any variation in the groove for the occipital sinus.
Anti-reflux medication use in preterm infants

Binti Abdul Hamid H, Szatkowski L, Budge H, Ojha S

Pediatr Res, 2021 Oct 29.
PMID: 34716422 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01821-y

BACKGROUND: Current recommendations do not support the use of anti-reflux medications to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) among preterm infants.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of GORD and the use of anti-reflux medications amongst very preterm infants (<32 weeks' gestational age (GA)) in neonatal units in England and Wales.
DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using the National Neonatal Research Database.
RESULTS: Among 58,108 infants [median GA (IQR) 29 (27-30) weeks], 15.8% (n = 9191) had a diagnosis of GORD and 36.9% (n = 12,446) received anti-reflux medications. Those who received anti-reflux medications were more preterm [GA, median (IQR): medications, 28 (26-30) vs. no medications, 30 (28-31); p
Fulltext Application of digital technologies for ensuring agricultural productivity

Abiri R, Rizan N, Balasundram SK, Shahbazi AB, Abdul-Hamid H

Heliyon, 2023 Dec;9(12):e22601.
PMID: 38125472 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22601

Over the decades, agri-food security has become one of the most critical concerns in the world. Sustainable agri-food production technologies have been reliable in mitigating poverty caused by high demands for food. Recently, the applications of agri-food system technologies have been meaningfully changing the worldwide scene due to both external strengths and internal forces. Digital agriculture (DA) is a pioneering technology helping to meet the growing global demand for sustainable food production. Integrating different sub-branches of DA technologies such as artificial intelligence, automation and robotics, sensors, Internet of Things (IoT) and data analytics into agriculture practices to reduce waste, optimize farming inputs and enhance crop production. This can help shift from tedious operations to continuously automated processes, resulting in increasing agricultural production by enabling the traceability of products and processes. The application of DA provides agri-food producers with accurate and real-time observations regarding different features influencing their productivity, such as plant health, soil quality, weather conditions, and pest and disease pressure. Analyzing the results achieved by DA can help agricultural producers and scholars make better decisions to increase yields, improve efficiency, reduce costs, and manage resources. The core focus of the current work is to clarify the benefits of some sub-branches of DA in increasing agricultural production efficiency, discuss the challenges of practical DA in the field, and highlight the future perspectives of DA. This review paper can open new directions to speed up the DA application on the farm and link traditional agriculture with modern farming technologies.
Fulltext Association of Cobb angle progression and neuraxial abnormality on MRI in asymptomatic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Mohd Zaki F, Ng KL, Te BC, Azman MH, Nur Aifaa L, Mohd Razali N, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2016 Jun;71(3):122-5.
PMID: 27495885 MyJurnal

Detection of neuraxial abnormality in neurologically asymptomatic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is crucial prior to surgery. It can only be detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which was not routinely done in this group of patient. On the other hand, whole spine radiographs for measurement of Cobb angle have been routinely included during clinic follow-up. This study aimed to determine the correlation between Cobb angle progression and neuraxial abnormality finding on MRI in asymptomatic AIS.
Fulltext Case Series of Genetically Confirmed Index Cases of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Primary Care

Kamal A, Kanchau JD, Shahuri NS, Mohamed-Yassin MS, Baharudin N, Abdul Razak S, et al.

Am J Case Rep, 2023 Apr 27;24:e939489.
PMID: 37185657 DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.939489

BACKGROUND In Malaysia, the prevalence of genetically confirmed heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) was reported as 1 in 427. Despite this, FH remains largely underdiagnosed and undertreated in primary care. CASE REPORT In this case series, we report 3 FH cases detected in primary care due to mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein-B (APOB), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes. The mutations in case 1 (frameshift c.660del pathogenic variant in LDLR gene) and case 2 (missense c.10579C>T pathogenic variant in APOB gene) were confirmed as pathogenic, while the mutation in case 3 (missense c.277C>T mutation in PCSK9 gene) may have been benign. In case 1, the patient had the highest LDL-c level, 8.6 mmol/L, and prominent tendon xanthomas. In case 2, the patient had an LDL-c level of 5.7 mmol/L and premature corneal arcus. In case 3, the patient had an LDL-c level of 5.4 mmol/L but had neither of the classical physical findings. Genetic counseling and diagnosis were delivered by primary care physicians. These index cases were initially managed in primary care with statins and therapeutic lifestyle modifications. They were referred to the lipid specialists for up-titration of lipid lowering medications. First-degree relatives were identified and referred for cascade testing. CONCLUSIONS This case series highlights different phenotypical expressions in patients with 3 different FH genetic mutations. Primary care physicians should play a pivotal role in the detection of FH index cases, genetic testing, management, and cascade screening of family members, in partnership with lipid specialists.
Fulltext Case-finding and genetic testing for familial hypercholesterolaemia in primary care

Qureshi N, Akyea RK, Dutton B, Humphries SE, Abdul Hamid H, Condon L, et al.

Heart, 2021 12;107(24):1956-1961.
PMID: 34521694 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319742

OBJECTIVE: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common inherited disorder that remains mostly undetected in the general population. Through FH case-finding and direct access to genetic testing in primary care, this intervention study described the genetic and lipid profile of patients found at increased risk of FH and the outcomes in those with positive genetic test results.
METHODS: In 14 Central England general practices, a novel case-finding tool (Familial Hypercholetserolaemia Case Ascertainment Tool, FAMCAT1) was applied to the electronic health records of 86 219 patients with cholesterol readings (44.5% of total practices' population), identifying 3375 at increased risk of FH. Of these, a cohort of 336 consenting to completing Family History Questionnaire and detailed review of their clinical data, were offered FH genetic testing in primary care.
RESULTS: Genetic testing was completed by 283 patients, newly identifying 16 with genetically confirmed FH and 10 with variants of unknown significance. All 26 (9%) were recommended for referral and 19 attended specialist assessment. In a further 153 (54%) patients, the test suggested polygenic hypercholesterolaemia who were managed in primary care. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were higher in those patients with FH-causing variants than those with other genetic test results (p=0.010 and p=0.002).
CONCLUSION: Electronic case-finding and genetic testing in primary care could improve identification of FH; and the better targeting of patients for specialist assessment. A significant proportion of patients identified at risk of FH are likely to have polygenic hypercholesterolaemia. There needs to be a clearer management plan for these individuals in primary care.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03934320.
Fulltext Comparison of vision-related quality of life between wearing Orthokeratology lenses and spectacles in myopic children living in Kuala Lumpur

Mohd-Ali B, Low YC, Mohamad Shahimin M, Arif N, Abdul-Hamid H, Wan Abdul-Halim WH, et al.

Cont Lens Anterior Eye, 2023 Feb;46(1):101774.
PMID: 36319519 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2022.101774

PURPOSE: There are limited reports available on the impact of wearing Orthokeratology (ortho-K) lenses on the quality of life of Asian children. This study evaluated and compared vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) between myopic children wearing ortho-K lenses and single-vision spectacles (SVSs), living in Kuala Lumpur, using Paediatric Refractive Error Profile (PREP) questionnaires.
METHODS: This is a cross sectional study. Myopic children who had been wearing ortho-K and SVSs for 12 months were recruited, and the questionnaires were distributed online. The PREP scores were obtained using a summary scoring method. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine data normality. Unpaired t-test was performed for normally distributed data, and the Mann-Whitney test for non-normally distributed data. P
Could protein phosphatase 2A and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta be targeted by natural compounds to ameliorate Alzheimer's pathologies?

Manoharan SD, Abdul Hamid H, Md Hashim NF, Cheema MS, Chiroma SM, Mustapha M, et al.

Brain Res, 2024 Apr 15;1829:148793.
PMID: 38309553 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148793

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that impairs memory and cognitive abilities, primarily in the elderly. The burden of AD extends beyond patients, impacting families and caregivers due to the patients' reliance on assistance for daily tasks. The main features of the pathogenesis of AD are beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), that strongly correlate with oxidative stress and inflammation. NFTs result from misfolded and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Various studies have focused on tau phosphorylation, indicating protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as the primary tau phosphatase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) as the leading tau kinase. Experimental evidence suggests that inhibition of PP2A and increased GSK-3β activity contribute to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cognitive impairment. Hence, targeting PP2A and GSK-3β with pharmacological approaches shows promise in treating AD. The use of natural compounds in the drug development for AD have been extensively studied for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase, and neuroprotective properties, demonstrating therapeutic advantages in neurological diseases. Alongside the development of PP2A activator and GSK-3β inhibitor drugs, natural compounds are likely to have neuroprotective effects by increasing PP2A activity and decreasing GSK-3β levels. Therefore, based on the preclinical and clinical studies, the potential of PP2A and GSK-3β as therapeutic targets of natural compounds are highlighted in this review.
Fulltext Diabetes in Pregnancy and Risk of Antepartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Lee KW, Ching SM, Devaraj NK, Chong SC, Lim SY, Loh HC, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 05 26;17(11).
PMID: 32466479 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113767

Previous literature has reported that patients with diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) are at risk of developing antepartum depression but the results have been inconsistent in cohort studies. We conducted a systematic review and performed a meta-analysis to quantify the association between DIP and risk of antepartum depression in cohort studies. Medline, Cinahl, and PubMed databases were searched for studies investigating DIP involving pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus and their risk of antepartum depression that were published in journals from inception to 27 December 2019. We derived the summary estimates using a random-effects model and reported the findings as pooled relative risks (RR) and confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and was quantified by Egger and Begg's tests. Ten studies, involving 71,036 pregnant women were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled RR to develop antepartum depression was (RR = 1.430, 95% CI: 1.251-1.636) among women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Combining pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus, they had a significant increased risk of developing antepartum depression (RR = 1.431, 95% CI: 1.205-1.699) compared with those without it. In comparison, we found no association between pre-existing diabetes mellitus in pregnancy (RR = 1.300, 95% CI: 0.736-2.297) and the risk of developing antepartum depression. This study has a few limitations: first, different questionnaire and cut-off points were used in evaluation of depression across the studies. Second, there was a lack of data on history of depression prior to pregnancy, which lead to confounding bias that could not be solved by this meta-analysis. Third, data were dominated by studies in Western countries; this is due to the studies from Eastern countries failing to meet our inclusion criteria for statistical analysis. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing antepartum depression compared to those without the disease. Therefore, more attention on the mental health status should be given on pregnant women diagnosed with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus.
DietPal: a Web-based dietary menu-generating and management system

Noah SA, Abdullah SN, Shahar S, Abdul-Hamid H, Khairudin N, Yusoff M, et al.

J Med Internet Res, 2004 Jan 30;6(1):e4.
PMID: 15111270

Attempts in current health care practice to make health care more accessible, effective, and efficient through the use of information technology could include implementation of computer-based dietary menu generation. While several of such systems already exist, their focus is mainly to assist healthy individuals calculate their calorie intake and to help monitor the selection of menus based upon a prespecified calorie value. Although these prove to be helpful in some ways, they are not suitable for monitoring, planning, and managing patients' dietary needs and requirements. This paper presents a Web-based application that simulates the process of menu suggestions according to a standard practice employed by dietitians.
Fulltext Dietitian-led cluster randomised controlled trial on the effectiveness of mHealth education on health outcomes among pregnant women: a protocol paper

Er YT, Chan YM, Mohd Shariff Z, Abdul Hamid H, Mat Daud Z', Yong HY

BMJ Open, 2023 Nov 20;13(11):e075937.
PMID: 37989361 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075937

INTRODUCTION: Nutrition education is the cornerstone to maintain optimal pregnancy outcomes including gestational weight gain (GWG). Nevertheless, default for appointments is common and often lead to suboptimal achievement of GWG, accompanied with unfavourable maternal and child health outcomes. While mobile health (mHealth) usage is increasing and helps minimising barriers to clinic appointments among pregnant mothers, its effectiveness on health outcomes has been inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to address the gap between current knowledge and clinical care, by exploring the effectiveness of mHealth on GWG as the primary outcome, hoping to serve as a fundamental work to achieve optimal health outcomes with the improvement of secondary outcomes such as physical activity, psychosocial well-being, dietary intake, quality of life and sleep quality among pregnant mothers.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A total of 294 eligible participants will be recruited and allocated into 3 groups comprising of mHealth intervention alone, mHealth intervention integrated with personal medical nutrition therapy and a control group. Pretested structured questionnaires are used to obtain the respondents' personal information, anthropometry data, prenatal knowledge, physical activity, psychosocial well-being, dietary intake, quality of life, sleep quality and GWG. There will be at least three time points of data collection, with all participants recruited during their first or second trimester will be followed up prospectively (after 3 months or/and after 6 months) until delivery. Generalised linear mixed models will be used to compare the mean changes of outcome measures over the entire study period between the three groups.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approvals were obtained from the ethics committee of human subjects research of Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM-2022-072) and medical research & ethics committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia: NMRR ID-22-00622-EPU(IIR). The results will be disseminated through journals and conferences targeting stakeholders involved in nutrition research.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Clinicaltrial.gov ID: NCT05377151.
Fulltext Diets and Cellular-Derived Microparticles: Weighing a Plausible Link With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Nassir CMNCM, Ghazali MM, Hashim S, Idris NS, Yuen LS, Hui WJ, et al.

Front Cardiovasc Med, 2021;8:632131.
PMID: 33718454 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.632131

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a spectrum of pathological processes of various etiologies affecting the brain microcirculation that can trigger neuroinflammation and the subsequent neurodegenerative cascade. Prevalent with aging, CSVD is a recognized risk factor for stroke, vascular dementia, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease. Despite being the most common neurodegenerative condition with cerebrocardiovascular axis, understanding about it remains poor. Interestingly, modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy diet including high intake of processed food, high-fat foods, and animal by-products are known to influence the non-neural peripheral events, such as in the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular stress through cellular inflammation and oxidation. One key outcome from such events, among others, includes the cellular activations that lead to elevated levels of endogenous cellular-derived circulating microparticles (MPs). MPs can be produced from various cellular origins including leukocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, microbiota, and microglia. MPs could act as microthrombogenic procoagulant that served as a plausible culprit for the vulnerable end-artery microcirculation in the brain as the end-organ leading to CSVD manifestations. However, little attention has been paid on the potential role of MPs in the onset and progression of CSVD spectrum. Corroboratively, the formation of MPs is known to be influenced by diet-induced cellular stress. Thus, this review aims to appraise the body of evidence on the dietary-related impacts on circulating MPs from non-neural peripheral origins that could serve as a plausible microthrombosis in CSVD manifestation as a precursor of neurodegeneration. Here, we elaborate on the pathomechanical features of MPs in health and disease states; relevance of dietary patterns on MP release; preclinical studies pertaining to diet-based MPs contribution to disease; MP level as putative surrogates for early disease biomarkers; and lastly, the potential of MPs manipulation with diet-based approach as a novel preventive measure for CSVD in an aging society worldwide.
Fulltext Does traditional asian vegetables (ulam) consumption correlate with brain activity using fMRI? A study among aging adults from low-income households

You YX, Shahar S, Mohamad M, Yahya HM, Haron H, Abdul Hamid H

J Magn Reson Imaging, 2020 04;51(4):1142-1153.
PMID: 31386268 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26891

BACKGROUND: Working memory and cognitive flexibility are supported by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Aging adults from low-income households are individuals with a high risk of cognitive decline who incorporate ulam in their daily diet.
PURPOSE: To examine relationship between ulam consumption and the working memory and cognitive flexibility among aging adults from low-income households who are more susceptible to cognitive decline.
STUDY TYPE: Cross-sectional.
POPULATION/SUBJECTS: Thirty-two aging adults (45-75 years old).
FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Task-based fMRI, 3.0T, T1 -weighted anatomical images, T2 *-weighted imaging data.
ASSESSMENT: The dietary and ulam consumption were assessed using the respective validated Dietary History and semiquantitative Food Frequency questionnaires. Working memory and cognitive flexibility were evaluated by using neuropsychological batteries (ie, mini-mental state examination [MMSE], Digit Span, and Rey auditory verbal learning test [RAVLT]) and task-based fMRI (N-back and Stroop Color Word Test [SCWT]). Brodmann's areas 9 and 46 were the regions of interest (ROIs) of DLPFC activation.
STATISTICAL TESTS: Multiple linear regression used to understand the relationship between ulam consumption and the working memory and cognitive flexibility, while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the difference of working memory and cognitive flexibility among four percentiles of ulam consumption, after age, gender, and education years adjustments. Significance was decided by two-sided, P
Editorial: Advanced insights into environmental stress and tolerance mechanisms in forest trees

Abiri R, Abdul-Hamid H, Leung DW

Front Plant Sci, 2023;14:1273663.
PMID: 37771484 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1273663
Fulltext Effect of Age on the Protein Profile of Healthy Malay Adults and its Association with Cognitive Function Competency

Abu Bakar ZH, Damanhuri HA, Makpol S, Wan Kamaruddin WMA, Abdul Sani NF, Amir Hamzah AIZ, et al.

J Alzheimers Dis, 2019;70(s1):S43-S62.
PMID: 30594926 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-180511

BACKGROUND: Many studies on biochemical and psychological variables have aimed to elucidate the association between aging and cognitive function. Demographic differences and protein expression have been reported to play a role in determining the cognitive capability of a population.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effect of age on the protein profile of Malay individuals and its association with cognitive competency.
METHODS: A total of 160 individuals were recruited and grouped accordingly. Cognitive competency of each subject was assessed with several neuropsychological tests. Plasma samples were collected and analyzed with Q Exactive HF Orbitrap. Proteins were identified and quantitated with MaxQuant and further analyzed with Perseus to determine differentially expressed proteins. PANTHER, Reactome, and STRING were applied for bioinformatics output.
RESULTS: Our data showed that the Malay individuals are vulnerable to the deterioration of cognitive function with aging, and most of the proteins were differentially expressed in concordance. Several physiological components and pathways were shown to be involved, giving a hint of a promising interpretation on the induction of aging toward the state of the Malays' cognitive function. Nevertheless, some proteins have shown a considerable interaction with the generated protein network, which provides a direction of focus for further investigation.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated notable changes in the expression of several proteins as age increased. These changes provide a promising platform for understanding the biochemical factors affecting cognitive function in the Malay population. The exhibited network of protein-protein interaction suggests the possibility of implementing regulatory intervention in ameliorating Malay cognitive function.

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