Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 351 in total

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  1. Loo PW, Furnham A
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2012 Sep;5(3):236-45.
    PMID: 22981052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2012.02.003
    The study compared knowledge and beliefs about depression among urban and rural Chinese in a Malaysian sample. A total of 409 participants were asked to identify cases of depression varying in intensity from two vignettes and rate their beliefs regarding a list of possible causes and treatments for depression. The urban Chinese were more likely to identify depression as the problem in the vignette. Beliefs about causes of depression were factored into five components, whereas beliefs about treatment for depression factored into four components. The results indicated that the causes most strongly endorsed were stress and pressure, and standard treatments rated the highest as treatments for depression. Overall, depression literacy was moderate for Chinese Malaysians. The results are discussed in relation to Chinese cultural beliefs about depression. Limitations of this preliminary study were acknowledged.
  2. Addey D, Shephard A
    PMID: 22883470 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6815-12-9
    Acute sore throat is commonly associated with viral infections. Consumers typically rely on over-the-counter treatments and other remedies to treat symptoms; however, limited information is available regarding consumer perceptions of sore throat or treatment needs. The aim of this study was to investigate perceptions of throat discomfort and how these influence attitudes and consumer behaviour with regard to treatment.
  3. Furnham A, Paltzer S
    Scand J Psychol, 2010 Jun 1;51(3):216-36.
    PMID: 20338017 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00772.x
    In 1999, Furnham and Mak published a review of 14 content-analytic studies of sex roles stereotyping in television commercials. All these studies were based on the McArthur and Resko (1975) content categories. This paper updates that review considering 30 studies in over 20 countries published between 2000 and 2008. Studies were from Australasia, Austria, Bulgaria, Ghana, Hong Kong, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Malaysia, Mauritius, New Zealand, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. They examined over 8,000 advertisements. National and cultural differences in gender stereotypes are also considered in the light of this data. The popularity of, and the problems associated with, the research paradigm are considered.
  4. Ooi A, Ling Z
    J Vis Surg, 2016;2:17.
    PMID: 29078445 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2221-2965.2016.01.07
    BACKGROUND: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) usually occurs in young adults, with higher incidence in smoker, and patients with narrow chest frame and slim body habitus. Surgery is indicated in the cases of recurrence episodes or persistent lung collapse, and failed conservative management by chest drain insertion. Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) bullectomy and pleurodesis is the surgical treatment of choice but uniportal approach has been utilised to further minimise surgical trauma, improve cosmesis without compromising the efficacy of the procedure.

    METHODS: This video demonstrated the uniportal procedure for bullectomy and double pleurodesis for PSP. A 2.5 cm incision was made at 4th intercostal space, anterior axillary line. Extra small size wound protector was used and CO2 insufflation was not needed. Adhesion divided with diathermy and visible apical bullae was resected using endoscopic stapler. Abrasive pleurodesis performed by using scratch patch mounted on Robert clamp, gently running along the parietal pleura within the chest wall. In addition, 5 grams of pure talc was delivered into pleural space. Single drain inserted via the port and lung fully inflated upon resuming ventilation by anaesthetist. Drain remained for 48 hours under negative pressure of -20 mmHg and patient usually went home on day 3 post-operatively.

    RESULTS: During the period from 2009 to 2015, over 160 cases of PSP were treated using this method by the author. To date, there is no recurrence reported upon follow up at outpatient clinic. There was no mortality and patients resumed active physical activity 8 weeks after the procedure.

    CONCLUSIONS: Uniportal VATS bullectomy and double pleurodesis is a safe procedure for treating PSP and effective in preventing future recurrence of lung collapse. This simple approach should be encouraged and performed by all enthusiastic VATS thoracic surgeons.

  5. Ooi A, Sibayan M
    J Vis Surg, 2016;2:13.
    PMID: 29078441 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2221-2965.2015.12.14
    BACKGROUND: Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) thymectomy for the management of myasthenia gravis and thymoma has been described and routinely performed. With the advent of single port surgery, uniportal thymectomy has gained popularity as it has the advantages in terms of improved cosmesis, less surgical trauma and financial savings in particularly over robotic thymectomy. The approach demonstrated in this video also negates the problems of sub-xiphoid route in patient with obesity, cardiomegaly, and limitations of instruments manoeuvrability.

    METHODS: Patient positioned semi-supine with right sided propped up and the ipsilateral arm placed naturally and secured by the side and below the chest wall. Cleaned and draped as for sterile procedure. General anaesthesia and lung isolation achieved with a double lumen endotracheal intubation. A 2.5 cm incision was made at 5(th) intercostal space, anterior axillary line (lateral to nipple line). Extra small size wound protector was used and CO2 insufflation was not needed. Instruments utilised in this case were "not new" and used for laparoscopic surgery 2 decades ago. This video demonstrates the simple technique of right uniportal approach to total thymectomy. Safe en bloc dissection of thymus and thymic tumour with surrounding fatty tissue were performed by combination of careful pleura dissection using diathermy, traction and blunt dissection of thymus. Extra caution when dividing thymic vein branches from innominate vein is prudent in all thymic dissection and prevent intra-operative haemorrhage and subsequent conversion to sternotomy or thoracotomy.

    RESULTS: In this video, total thymectomy was performed without complication. The specimen was removed through the port and a single chest tube was placed at end of procedure for 1 day. Patient went home uneventfully on day 2.

    CONCLUSIONS: Right uniportal VATS thymectomy is feasible, and this simple approach should be encouraged and performed by all enthusiastic VATS thoracic surgeons.

  6. Ooi A, Qiang F
    J Vis Surg, 2016;2:12.
    PMID: 29078440 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2221-2965.2015.12.18
    BACKGROUND: Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) thymectomy for the management of myasthenia gravis and thymoma has been described and routinely performed. With the advent of single port surgery, uniportal thymectomy has gained popularity and left side approach is preferred only if the suspecting tumour is situated on the left mediastinum. However, many doubt or dislike the left side VATS approach to anterior mediastinum as the ventricular apex renders maneuverer of instruments difficult. This is certainly not the case as shown in this video and to date, there is no published manuscript on left uniportal thymectomy.

    METHODS: Patient positioned semi-supine with left sided propped up and the ipsilateral arm placed naturally and secured by the side and below the chest wall. Cleaned and draped as for sterile procedure. General anaesthesia and lung isolation achieved with a double lumen endotracheal intubation. A 2.5 cm incision was made at 4(th) intercostal space, anterior axillary line (lateral to nipple line). Extra small size wound protector was used and CO2 insufflation was not needed. Instruments utilised in this case were "not new" and used for laparoscopic surgery 2 decades ago. This video demonstrates the simple technique of left uniportal approach to total thymectomy. Safe en bloc resection of thymus and thymic tumour with surrounding fatty tissue were performed, by combination of careful pleura dissection using diathermy, traction and blunt dissection of thymus. Extra caution when dividing thymic vein branches from innominate vein is prudent in order to prevent intra-operative haemorrhage and subsequent conversion to sternotomy or thoracotomy.

    RESULTS: In this video, total thymectomy was performed without complication. The specimen was removed through the port and a single chest tube was placed at end of procedure for 1 day. Patient went home uneventfully on day 2.

    CONCLUSIONS: Left uniportal VATS thymectomy is feasible, and preferred for left sided thymoma. This simple approach should be encouraged and performed by all enthusiastic VATS thoracic surgeons.

  7. Swami V, Furnham A
    Body Image, 2018 Mar;24:76-81.
    PMID: 29304438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.12.004
    Studies examining associations between body image and breast self-examination (BSE) have returned mixed findings, but this may be a function of focusing on global body image. Here, we examined the impact of breast size dissatisfaction specifically on BSE and behaviours in relation to breast change detection. A total of 384 British women completed measures of breast size dissatisfaction, body dissatisfaction, BSE frequency, confidence in detecting breast change, and delay in contacting their doctor upon detecting a breast change. Regression analyses indicated that greater breast size dissatisfaction, but not body dissatisfaction, was significantly associated with less frequent BSE and lower confidence in detecting breast change. Both breast size and body dissatisfaction were significantly associated with greater delay in consulting a doctor following breast change, but the former was the stronger predictor. These findings suggest that improving breast size satisfaction may be a useful means of promoting improved breast awareness and self-examination.
  8. Mak WW, Adrian MM, Ahlam K
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 Oct;74(5):443-344.
    PMID: 31649226
    Brucellosis is a rare zoonotic infection caused by small, fastidious Gram-negative coccobacilli of the genus Brucella that may be associated with haemolytic complications including thrombotic microangiopathy and haemolytic anaemia. We describe a patient with culture confirmed brucellosis who presented with malaise, high grade fever, hepatosplenomegaly and Coombs-positive autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. The patient was successfully treated with combination of doxycycline and rifampicin with no further episodes of relapses or haemolysis. Although rare, the possibility of brucellosis should always be kept in mind in patients with risk factors who present with haemolysis and endemic area.
  9. Ballard, Robert J., Jad Adrian Washif, Richards, Andre C.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study was to assess the foundation depth of track and field events and objectively identify if there had been a significant advancement of performance in athletics at a foundation level. Data was taken from all 45 athletics events (23 male, 22 female) over the last seven biannual National Games from 2002 to 2014. The performances for the top five finalists across each event were analyzed. A correlation co-efficient was calculated to assess the strength of linear performance relationship over time. T-tests were performed to assess mean differences across high prospect events versus major international benchmarks. Using r = 0.70 as a high correlation, only five events (men’s 400 m, 400 m hurdles, high jump, and both men’s and women’s hammer throw) out of 41 individual events demonstrated strong positive linear relationships over the assessment period. Only men’s high jump and women’s hammer throw had a non-significant difference (p = > 0.05) when compared with the means performance measure at the two Southeast Asian Games, indicating the events’ degree of capacity to compete at an international level. In comparison to higher level competitions, men’s high jump and women’s hammer throw also demonstrated fragility. The performance gap between the National Games and comparable international event was very large, ranging from 5.3 to 71.0%. Overall, there appears to be a trivial or stagnant trend for many athletics events, which has been unable to create a foundation needed for developing consistent elite performance. Taking into account this data, consideration of the development of new intervention action plans within the overall strategy should be determined and implemented.
  10. Zulkefli, A., Adrian, Y.H.L., Zairul, A.K.B., Ramanathan, R.
    Malays Orthop J, 2009;3(2):40-43.
    MyJurnal
    Objectives: To study the prevalence and the risk factors for surgical site infection in patients who underwent posterior instrumented surgery for thoracolumbar burst fractures. Methodology: Retrospective review of cases operated between year 2006 and 2007. The final end point is the detection of surgical site infection within one year. Results: A total of 38 cases were reviewed. Surgical site infection occurred in 5 cases. Only one had deep infection. The onset of infection occurred within one month in all cases. The risk factors studied were smoking, timing of surgery, duration of surgery, neurological deficit, associated injuries and high dose methylprednisolone administration. None of them were statistically significant as risk factors for surgical site infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of surgical site infection in patients who underwent posterior instrumented surgery for thoracolumbar burst fractures was 13%.
  11. Nurlela Y, Achmad S, Wahyuningrum D, Minnaard AJ
    The solid phase synthesis is a method by which organic compound synthesis are performed on a support. With this method, the purification can be carried out easily by simple filtration and washing procedures. Long-chain alcohol (C-100 alcohol) can be used as a support because of its insolubility in organic solvents and its simple structure which enables it to be stable in various reaction conditions. In this study, a 4-aminopyridine derivative has been synthesized from C-100 β-keto ester and a cyano enamine using tin(VI)chloride as catalyst. C-100 β-keto ester was obtained by transesterification of long chain alcohol (the support) with ethyl acetoacetate using boric acid protocol. The cyano enamine was successfully synthesized by Thorpe-Ziegler cyclization initiated by sodium hydride. The 4-aminopyridine derivative was successfully cleaved from the support using sodium isopropoxide in refluxing isopropanol. From the 1H-NMR spectrum at ~ 120oC, it was found that the cleaved support has the same spectrum with the long-chain alcohol used in the beginning of reaction, thus, this long chain alcohol can be reused for other reactions.
  12. Calleja MO, Willoughby AR
    Atten Percept Psychophys, 2023 Feb;85(2):293-300.
    PMID: 36596986 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-022-02634-9
    Previous experiments investigating visual search have shown that distractors that are semantically related to a search target can capture attention and slow the search process. In two experiments, we examine if distractors exactly matching, or semantically related to, search-irrelevant information held in working memory (WM) can also influence visual search while ruling out potential effects of color similarity. Participants first viewed and memorized an image of an everyday object, then they determined if a target item was present or absent in a two-object search array. On exact-match trials, the memorized object appeared as a distractor; on semantic-match trials, an object semantically related to the memorized object appeared as a distractor. Both exact-match and semantic-match distractors slowed search when the target was present in the search array. Our findings extend previous findings by demonstrating WM-driven attentional guidance by complex objects rather than simple features. The results also suggest that visual search can be influenced by distractors sharing only semantic features with a search-irrelevant, but active, WM representation.
  13. Washif JA, Kok LY
    J Hum Kinet, 2020 Jul;73:45-55.
    PMID: 32774536 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2020-0003
    Plyometric exercises such as drop jumping and bounding offer athletes a substantiated means of enhancing athletic performance. Between the two exercises, reactive measurement using bounding (reactive bounding coefficient [RBC]) has received scant attention within the domain of training and conditioning. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the viability of utilising a speed-bounding exercise to assess horizontal reactive strength. Eleven young, male elite sprinters (age: 17.8 ± 1.3 yr; body height: 1.72 ± 0.06 m; body mass: 66.05 ± 6.10 kg; best 100 m sprint time: 10.77 ± 0.32 s) were tested for static jumps (SJ), drop jumps (DJ), 10 speed-bounding (RBC10), and 50 m sprint performance. Between-group comparisons based on sprint ability (fast [FSG] vs. slow [SSG] sprint-group) and correlation coefficients were computed subsequently. The FSG (n = 5; 50 m time: 5.82 ± 0.11 s; RBC10: 7.46 ± 0.27) performed significantly better in the RBC10 (p = 0.036) than the SSG (n = 5; 50 m time: 6.09 ± 0.13 s; RBC10: 7.09 ± 0.25). A very high correlation was attained between the RBC10 and the criterion measure, the SJ (r = 0.83). Additionally, RBC10 appeared to be correlated with 30, 50, 10-30 and 30-50 m sprint times (r = -0.52 to -0.60). This positive trend, however, was not observed for the DJ reactive strength index (trivial to moderate correlations). Good reliability was shown for the RBC10 and all sprint distances ("1.5% coefficient variation). Furthermore, all sprinters attained ground contact times of 0.12-0.18 s during the RBC10 which was indicative of fast stretch-shortening cycles during movement, suggesting that the RBC10 could be utilised to assess plyometric ability and enhance sprint performance. Overall, the RBC10 seems able to discriminate between the FSG and the SSG, indicating it has acceptable levels of validity and reliability.
  14. Saenz Hinojosa S, Adrian Jinam T, Hosomichi K, Romero VI
    Hum Immunol, 2024 Mar 04.
    PMID: 38443236 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110771
    The Waorani, an isolated indigenous tribe in Ecuador, have long been characterized by limited genetic diversity, with few studies delving into their genetic background. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes which are located in the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) provides valuable insights into population evolution due to its highly polymorphic nature. However, little is known about the HLA diversity and ancestry of the Waorani population. In this study, we sequenced eight HLA genes using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) from 134 Waorani individuals and obtained up to four-field HLA allele resolution. Cluster and phylogenetic analysis show that the Waorani are genetically distant from other Ecuador populations, but instead show genetic affinities with the Puyanawa and Terena tribes from Brazil, as well as the Mixe tribe from Mexico. The identification of alleles common within the Waorani population, previously linked to specific health conditions, notably paves the way for future association analyses. This extensive study, employing Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology, significantly enriches the sparse and segmented understanding of HLA diversity in the South American region. Our findings enhance the global comprehension of human genetic diversity and underscore the value of studying indigenous populations. Such research is vital for deepening our insights into human migration patterns and evolutionary processes.
  15. Loo PW, Wong S, Furnham A
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2012 Jun;4(2):113-25.
    PMID: 26767355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-5872.2012.00198.x
    A cross-cultural study was conducted on the identification of psychiatric problems comparing British, Hong Kong and Malaysian participants.
  16. Yusof FA, Goh A, Azmi S
    Value Health, 2012 Jan-Feb;15(1 Suppl):S85-90.
    PMID: 22265073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2011.11.024
    OBJECTIVES: To estimate a EQ-5D value set for Malaysia by using time trade-off (TTO) and visual analogue scale (VAS) valuation methods.
    METHODS: TTO and VAS valuations were obtained from face-to-face surveys of a convenience sample of patients, caregivers, and health professionals conducted at nine government hospitals in 2004 and 2005. Forty-five EQ-5D questionnaire health states were valued, divided into five sets of 15 health states. Analysis was conducted by using linear additive regression models applying N3 and D1 specifications. Model selection was based on criteria of coefficient properties, statistical significance, and goodness of fit.
    RESULTS: One hundred fifty-two respondents were interviewed, yielding 2174 TTO and 2265 VAS valuations. Respondents found TTO valuations to be more difficult than VAS valuations, and there were more inconsistencies in TTO valuations. All the independent variables in the models were statistically significant and consistent with expected signs and magnitude, except for the D1 specification modeled on TTO valuations. The N3 model provided the best fit for the VAS valuation data, with a mean absolute error of 0.032.
    CONCLUSION: This study provides a Malaysian EQ-5D questionnaire value set that can be used for cost-utility studies despite survey limitations.
    Study site: convenience sampling from three categories of respondents (patients undergoing dialysis, patients’ carers, and dialysis center staff) from public hospitals
  17. Swami V, Kannan K, Furnham A
    Int J Soc Psychiatry, 2012 Nov;58(6):568-76.
    PMID: 21821633 DOI: 10.1177/0020764011415208
    Previous studies examining body image from a cross-cultural perspective have tended to neglect samples from different ethnic groups or along a rural-urban continuum. To overcome this limitation, the present study examined positive body image among rural and urban women from three major indigenous ethnic groups in Sabah, Malaysia.
  18. Swami V, Loo PW, Furnham A
    Int J Soc Psychiatry, 2010 Sep;56(5):480-96.
    PMID: 19651692 DOI: 10.1177/0020764008101639
    This study examined knowledge and beliefs about depression among Malaysian Malays varying in socioeconomic status.
  19. von Stumm S, Chamorro-Premuzic T, Furnham A
    Br J Psychol, 2009 May;100(Pt 2):429-42.
    PMID: 18851768 DOI: 10.1348/000712608X357876
    This study examines the structure of self-estimates of intelligence (SEI) across 12 nations (Australia, Austria, Brazil, France, Iran, Israel, Malaysia, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, UK and US). Participants rated themselves on general and specific abilities from three popular models of intelligence: Gardner's multiple intelligences, Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, and Goleman's emotional intelligence. The results showed that (a) laypeople across nations have similar and invariant concepts of intelligence, (b) concepts of intelligence are cross-culturally closely related to academic notions of intellectual ability and (c) sex differences in general and specific SEI favouring men are consistent across countries. Male hubris and female humility in SEI seem independent of sex differences in actual cognitive ability and national levels of masculinity-femininity. Furthermore, international mean differences in general SEI could not be attributed to discrepancies in national intelligence quotient (IQ) levels or to cultural variations.
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