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Fulltext Plasma level as marker for early detection of heart failure in primary hypertensive patients

Norsham J, Azmani SM, Roslan H, Latiff MA

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2012;8(1):13-19.
MyJurnal

Heart failure is chiefly the end stage of primary hypertension and a major public health problem in Malaysia. The aim of this work is to investigate the level of BNP that may discriminate between primary hypertension patients without heart failure and primary hypertensive patients with heart failure. This study was conducted on 60 hypertensive patients without any clinical symptoms of heart failure referred for echocardiography to evaluate the ventricular function. Patients with metabolic diseases and terminal diseases were excluded from the study. The BNP levels were assessed using the Triage Meter from Biosite Diagnostics. Results showed that BNP level display a negative correlation with ejection fraction (Pearson correlation test). The significant result (paired t test, p < 0.05) proves that both predictors are very important and relates to each other. Low ejection fraction is significantly marked with raised BNP level suggesting that BNP may play potential role as screening tool for early detection of heart failure in primary hypertensive patients.

Study site: (Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia Medical Center and International Medical University cardiology clinic, Seremban
Bronchodilator response to inhaled beta-2 agonist and anticholinergic drugs in patients with bronchiectasis

Hassan JA, Saadiah S, Roslan H, Zainudin BM

Respirology, 1999 Dec;4(4):423-6.
PMID: 10612580 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1843.1999.00215.x

OBJECTIVE: An increase in incidence of reversible airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness occurs in patients with bronchiectasis. We conducted a study to assess the efficacy of bronchodilators in the treatment of bronchiectasis.
METHODOLOGY: Twenty-four patients with confirmed bronchiectasis were studied. Each patient inhaled fenoterol 400 microg administered by metered dose inhaler via a spacer after a baseline lung function and a lung function test was repeated 30 min later. This was followed by a second dose of fenoterol 5 mg via nebulizer and another lung function test 30 min later. A repeat study was done at least 24 h later with ipratropium bromide 40 microg by metered dose inhaler and 500 microg by a nebulizer.
RESULTS: The results showed a significant improvement from baselines (mean percentage change +/- SD) of peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) by 8.5 +/- 8.72% and 15.3 +/- 11.63%, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) by 8.77 +/- 9.69% and 10.2 +/- 12.2% and forced vital capacity (FVC) by 10.25 +/- 11.61% and 10.09 +/- 10.88% after low- and high-dose fenoterol, respectively. The improvements after low- and high-dose ipratropium bromide for PEE FEV1 and FVC were 9.89 +/- 9.35% and 14.39 +/- 12.82%, 9.38 +/- 10.41% and 13.52 +/- 17.09%, and 8.03 +/- 10.85% and 9.63 +/- 13.85%, respectively. Eleven patients (45.8%) responded to one or both bronchodilators significantly (> 15% improvement in FEV1). Five patients (20%) responded to both, three (12%) to fenoterol alone and another three (12%) to ipratropium bromide alone.
CONCLUSION: There is significant bronchodilator response in a subset of patients with bronchiectasis and patients with bronchiectasis should therefore undergo bronchodilator testing. Skin prick testing against a panel of nine allergens done on each individual yielded a positive result in 13 patients (54.2%).
Transformation of Morinda citrifolia via simple mature seed imbibition method

Lee JJ, Ahmad S, Roslan HA

Pak J Biol Sci, 2013 Dec 15;16(24):1913-21.
PMID: 24517006

Morinda citrifolia, is a valuable medicinal plant with a wide range of therapeutic properties and extensive transformation study on this plant has yet been known. Present study was conducted to establish a simple and reliable transformation protocol for M. citrifolia utilising Agrobacterium tumefaciens via direct seed exposure. In this study, the seeds were processed by tips clipping and dried and subsequently incubated in inoculation medium. Four different parameters during the incubation such as incubation period, bacterial density, temperature and binary vectors harbouring beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene (pBI121 and pGSA1131), were tested to examine its effect on transformation efficiency. The leaves from the treated and germinated seedlings were analysed via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), histochemical assay of the GUS gene and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Results of the study showed that Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 with optical density of 1.0 and 2 h incubation period were optimum for M. citrifolia transformation. It was found that various co-cultivation temperatures tested and type of vector used did not affect the transformation efficiency. The highest transformation efficiency for M. citrifolia direct seed transformation harbouring pBI121 and pGSA1131 was determined to be 96.8% with 2 h co-cultivation treatment and 80.4% when using bacterial density of 1.0, respectively. The transformation method can be applied for future characterization study of M. citrifolia.
Lignin biodegradation and ligninolytic enzyme studies during biopulping of Acacia mangium wood chips by tropical white rot fungi

Liew CY, Husaini A, Hussain H, Muid S, Liew KC, Roslan HA

World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2011 Jun;27(6):1457-68.
PMID: 25187145 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0598-x

White rot fungi are good lignin degraders and have the potential to be used in industry. In the present work, Phellinus sp., Daedalea sp., Trametes versicolor and Pycnoporus coccineus were selected due to their relatively high ligninolytic enzyme activity, and grown on Acacia mangium wood chips under solid state fermentation. Results obtained showed that manganese peroxidase produced is far more compared to lignin peroxidase, suggesting that MnP might be the predominating enzymes causing lignin degradation in Acacia mangium wood chips. Cellulase enzyme assays showed that no significant cellulase activity was detected in the enzyme preparation of T. versicolor and Phellinus sp. This low cellulolytic activity further suggests that these two white rot strains are of more interest in lignin degradation. The results on lignin losses showed 20-30% of lignin breakdown at 60 days of biodegradation. The highest lignin loss was found in Acacia mangium biotreated with T. versicolor after 60 days and recorded 26.9%, corresponding to the percentage of their wood weight loss recorded followed by P. coccineus. In general, lignin degradation was only significant from 20 days onwards. The overall percentage of lignin weight loss was within the range of 1.02-26.90% over the biodegradation periods. Microscopic observations conducted using scanning electron microscope showed that T. versicolor, P. coccineus, Daedalea sp. and Phellinus sp. had caused lignin degradation in Acacia mangium wood chips.
Fulltext Abnormalities in lung function among multiply-transfused thalassemia patients: results from a thalassemia center in Malaysia

Jamal R, Baizura J, Hamidah A, Idris N, Jeffrey AH, Roslan H

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2005 Jan;36(1):265-9.
PMID: 15906681

The aim of this study was to: (1) determine the prevalence and patterns of lung dysfunction among transfusion dependent thalassemics; (2) determine the associated factors that might contribute to this problem. This was a cross-sectional study involving 66 patients with transfusion dependent thalassemia aged 10 years and above. All patients underwent physical examination, standardized pulmonary function tests including spirometry, lung volume, and the carbon monoxide diffusion capacity. A restrictive pattern of lung dysfunction was observed in 22 patients (33.3%) and none showed the presence of obstructive ventilatory impairment. A reduction in the carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) was seen 87.9% of the patients, including 7.6% who had evidence of hypoxemia. Ten patients showed a reduction in the FEF25-75% although they did not fulfil the criteria for small airway disease. No correlation was found between lung dysfunction and serum ferritin levels in the patients. Restrictive lung dysfunction and diffusion impairment were the predominant abnormalities found in our cohort of patients.
Study site: Thalassemia clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Fulltext Risk factors for developing sleep-disordered breathing in patients with recent ischaemic stroke

Noradina AT, Hamidon BB, Roslan H, Raymond AA

Singapore Med J, 2006 May;47(5):392-9.
PMID: 16645689

There are several studies that reported a higher frequency of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) among ischaemic stroke patients with increasing evidence linking SDB and cardiovascular complications. Many showed prevalence between 43 percent and 72 percent, taking the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) equal to or greater than ten. The main objective of this study was to determine the frequency of SDB in recent ischaemic stroke patients admitted to Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM) and the relationship between SDB and known risk factors of ischaemic stroke.
Fulltext Can a bronchoscopist reliably assess a patient's experience of bronchoscopy?

Hadzri H, Azarisman S, Fauzi A, Roslan H, Roslina A, Adina A, et al.

JRSM Short Rep, 2010;1(4):35.
PMID: 21103127 DOI: 10.1258/shorts.2010.010044

Bronchoscopy is an essential investigative tool in many respiratory complaints. The procedure can be unpleasant for both bronchoscopists and patients. To the best of our knowledge, there are only a few studies that correlate the bronchoscopist's satisfaction with that of the patient's during bronchoscopy. The aim of our study is to assess whether or not a bronchoscopist could reliably assess a patient's satisfaction during bronchoscopy.
Fulltext The SAFE (SGRQ score, air-flow limitation and exercise tolerance) Index: a new composite score for the stratification of severity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Azarisman MS, Fauzi MA, Faizal MP, Azami Z, Roslina AM, Roslan H

Postgrad Med J, 2007 Jul;83(981):492-7.
PMID: 17621621

BACKGROUND: This study was proposed to develop a composite of outcome measures using forced expiratory volume percentage of predicted, exercise capacity and quality of life scores for assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-six patients with COPD were enrolled into a prospective, observational study at the respiratory outpatient clinic, National University Hospital Malaysia (Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia--HUKM), Kuala Lumpur.
RESULTS: Our study found modest correlation between the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)), 6 min walk distance and the SGRQ scores with mean (SD) values of 0.97 (0.56) litres/s, 322 (87) m and 43.7 (23.6)%, respectively. K-Means cluster analysis identified four distinct clusters which reached statistical significance which was refined to develop a new cumulative staging system. The SAFE Index score correlated with the number of exacerbations in 2 years (r = 0.497, p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: We have developed the SGRQ, Air-Flow limitation and Exercise tolerance Index (SAFE Index) for the stratification of severity in COPD. This index incorporates the SGRQ score, the FEV(1) % predicted and the 6 min walk distance. The SAFE Index is moderately correlated with the number of disease exacerbations.
Study site: Respiratory clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Fulltext Compliance to national guidelines on the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Malaysia: a single centre experience

Azarisman SM, Hadzri HM, Fauzi RA, Fauzi AM, Faizal MP, Roslina MA, et al.

Singapore Med J, 2008 Nov;49(11):886-91; quiz 892-6.
PMID: 19037555

INTRODUCTION: Malaysia has a high rate of smoking prevalence and the figure is increasing. Although there has been many local and regional studies on the prevalence and symptomatology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, data is lacking on the degree of compliance to national management guidelines in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
METHODS: 86 patients who attended the respiratory outpatient clinic of the Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia were enrolled into a prospective, observational study.
RESULTS: 88 percent of the patients were male and the majority was ethnically Chinese (65 percent). The majority of patients were in the moderate to very severe categories, with a mean FEV1 of 0.97 +/- 0.56 L/sec and predicted mean FEV1 percentage of 43.1 +/- 21.3 percent. 58 percent of the patients were on long-acting beta-agonist, 65 percent were on inhaled steroids, and only 16 percent were on scheduled pulmonary rehabilitation.
CONCLUSION: The low uptake rate for long-acting beta-agonist and pulmonary rehabilitation could be attributed to several factors. Financial cost, the need for strict compliance to a structured rehabilitation regime, lack of significant social support and clear up-to-date guidelines are possible reasons.
Study site: Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Assessment of stress shielding around a dental implant for variation of implant stiffness and parafunctional loading using finite element analysis

Ishak MI, Daud R, Noor SNFM, Khor CY, Roslan H

Acta Bioeng Biomech, 2022;24(3):147-159.
PMID: 38314490

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical stimuli transfer at the bone-implant interface via stress and strain energy density transfer parameters. This study also aimed to investigate the effect of different implant stiffness and parafunctional loading values on the defined mechanical stimuli transfer from the implant to the surrounding bone.
METHODS: A three-dimensional finite element model of two-piece threaded dental implant with internal hexagonal connection and mandibular bone block was constructed. Response surface method through face-centred central composite design was applied to examine the influence of two independent factors variables using three levels. The analysis model was fitted to a second-order polynomial equation to determine the response values.
RESULTS: The results showed that the implant stiffness was more effective than the horizontal load value in increasing the stress and strain energy density transfers. The interaction between both factors was significant in decreasing the likelihood of bone resorption. Decreasing the implant stiffness and horizontal load value led to the increased stress transfer and unexpected decrease in the strain energy density, except at the minimum level of the horizontal load. The increase in the implant stiffness and horizontal load value (up to medium level) have increased the strain energy transfer to the bone.
CONCLUSIONS: The stress and strain energy density were transferred distinctively at the bone-implant interface. The role of both implant stiffness and parafunctional loading is important and should be highlighted in the preoperative treatment planning and design of dental implant.
Fulltext ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism and the risk of resistance to antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Haerian BS, Roslan H, Raymond AA, Tan CT, Lim KS, Zulkifli SZ, et al.

Seizure, 2010 Jul;19(6):339-46.
PMID: 20605481 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2010.05.004

The C3435T, a major allelic variant of the ABCB1 gene, is proposed to play a crucial role in drug-resistance in epilepsy. The C/C genotype carriers reportedly are at higher risk of pharmacoresistance to AEDs, but only in some studies. The hypothesis of the C-variant associated risk and resistance to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) has been hampered by conflicting results from inadequate power in case-control studies. To assess the role of C3435T polymorphism in drug-resistance in epilepsy, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.
Characterization and expression in Pichia pastoris of a raw starch degrading glucoamylase (GA2) derived from Aspergillus flavus NSH9

Karim KMR, Husaini A, Sing NN, Tasnim T, Mohd Sinang F, Hussain H, et al.

Protein Expr Purif, 2019 12;164:105462.
PMID: 31351992 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105462

The Aspergillus flavus NSH9 gene, encoding a pH and thermostable glucoamylase with a starch binding domain (SBD), was expressed in Pichia pastoris to produce recombinant glucoamylase (rGA2). The full-length glucoamylase gene (2039 bp), and cDNA (1839 bp) encode a 612 amino acid protein most similar to glucoamylase from Aspergillus oryzae RIB40; the first 19 amino acids are presumed to be a signal peptide for secretion, and the SBD is at the C-terminal. The cDNA was successfully secreted by Pichia at 8.23 U mL-1, and the rGA2 was found to be: a 80 kDa monomer, stable from pH 3.0-9.0, with optimum catalytic activity at pH 5.0, active at temperatures up to 80°C (rGA2 retained 58% of its activity after 60 min of incubation at 70°C), and metal ions such as Na+, K+, Ca++ and Mg++ enhanced rGA2 enzyme activity. The starch degrading ability of rGA2 was also observed on raw sago starch and where prolonged incubation generated larger, deeper, holes on the starch granules, indicating rGA2 is an excellent candidate for industrial starch processing applications.
Association between ABCB1 polymorphism and response to sodium valproate treatment in Malaysian epilepsy patients

Haerian BS, Lim KS, Tan HJ, Mohamed EH, Tan CT, Raymond AA, et al.

Epileptic Disord, 2011 Mar;13(1):65-75.
PMID: 21388909 DOI: 10.1684/epd.2011.0419

Over-expression of P-glycoprotein, encoded by the ABCB1 gene, is proposed to be involved in resistance to antiepileptic drugs in about 30% of patients with epilepsy. Here, we investigated the possible association between ABCB1 polymorphisms and sodium valproate (VPA) treatment in Malaysian epilepsy patients. Genotypes were assessed in 249 drug-resistant and 256 drug-responsive Malaysian patients for C1236T, G2677T/A, and C 5T polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene. No genotypes, alleles, or haplotypes were associated with the response to VPA in either the overall group or Chinese, Indian, and Malay subgroups. Our data suggest that C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene do not contribute to the response to VPA in patients with epilepsy.
Fulltext The risk of recurrence in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen: polymorphisms of CYP2D6 and ABCB1

Teh LK, Mohamed NI, Salleh MZ, Rohaizak M, Shahrun NS, Saladina JJ, et al.

AAPS J, 2012 Mar;14(1):52-9.
PMID: 22183189 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-011-9313-6

CYP2D6 plays a major role in the metabolism of tamoxifen, and polymorphism of P-glycoprotein has been associated with resistance of many drug therapies. This study investigates the clinical impact of genetic variants of CYP2D6 and ABCB1 in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Blood samples from 95 breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen were collected and genotyped for CYP2D6 and ABCB1 variants using allele-specific PCR method. Recurrence risks were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using the log-rank test. Patients carrying CYP2D6*10/*10 and heterozygous null allele (IM) showed higher risks of developing recurrence and metastasis (OR 13.14; 95% CI 1.57-109.94; P = 0.004) than patients with CYP2D6*1/*1 and *1/*10 genotypes. Patients with homozygous CC genotypes of ABCB1 C3435T showed a shorter time to recurrence. Patients who were CYP2D6 IM and homozygous CC genotype of C3435T have statistically significant higher risks of recurrence (P = 0.002). Similarly, median time to recurrence in these patients was only 12 months (95% CI = 0.79-23.2) compared to those without this combination which was 48 months (95% CI = 14.7-81.2). Patients with CYP2D6 IM and homozygous CC genotype of ABCB1 C3435T have shorter times to recurrence. The results confirmed the findings of previous studies and support FDA recommendation to perform pre-genotyping in patients before the choice of therapy is determined in breast cancer patients.

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