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  1. Fulltext Effect of gelam honey on the oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways in pancreatic hamster cells
    Batumalaie K, Zaman Safi S, Mohd Yusof K, Shah Ismail I, Devi Sekaran S, Qvist R
    Int J Endocrinol, 2013;2013:367312.
    PMID: 24324490 DOI: 10.1155/2013/367312
    Background. Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is critically involved in the impairment of β -cell function during the development of diabetes. Methods. HIT-T15 cells were cultured in 5% CO2 and then preincubated with Gelam honey extracts (20, 40, 60, and 80 µg/mL) as well as quercetin (20, 40, 60, and 80 µM), prior to stimulation by 20 and 50 mM of glucose. Cell lysate was collected to determine the effect of honey extracts and quercetin on the stress activated NF- κ B, MAPK pathways, and the Akt (ser473) activated insulin signaling pathway. Results. HIT-T15 cells cultured under hyperglycemic conditions demonstrated insulin resistance with a significant increase in the levels of MAPK, NF- κ B, and IRS-1 serine phosphorylation (ser307); however, Akt expression and insulin contents are significantly decreased. Pretreatment with quercetin and Gelam honey extract improved insulin resistance and insulin content by reducing the expression of MAPK, NF- κ B, and IRS-1 serine phosphorylation (ser307) and increasing the expression of Akt significantly. Conclusion. Gelam honey-induced differential expression of MAPK, NF- κ B, IRS-1 (ser307), and Akt in HIT-T15 cells shows that Gelam honey exerts protective effects against diabetes- and hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress by improving insulin content and insulin resistance.
  2. Fulltext Complete heart block complicating acute myocardial infarction: a six-year review
    Chin K, Yusof K
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Jun;42(2):93-6.
    PMID: 3503197
    The clinical course of 68 patients who had temporary transvenous pacing for complete heart block in acute myocardial infarction is reviewed. There were 59 male and 9 female patients, of which 32 were Indians, 20 were Malays and 16 Chinese. 48 patients had inferior infarct, 16 patients developed anterior infarct and 4 patients presented with combined anteriorinferior infarction. The overall mortality for complete heart block in this study is 44%. The mortality pattern is 25% for inferior infarct; 87% for anterior infarct and 100% for combined anterior and inferior infarct.
  3. Illegal abortion: an attempt to assess its cost to the health services and its incidence in the community
    Figà-Talamanca I, Sinnathuray TA, Yusof K, Fong CK, Palan VT, Adeeb N, et al.
    Int J Health Serv, 1986;16(3):375-89.
    PMID: 3733306
    This article describes a study designed to test a method for assessing the cost to the health services of illegally induced abortion and the feasibility of estimating the incidence of induced abortion by a field interviewing approach. The participating centers included three hospitals in Ankara, Turkey; three hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria; one hospital in Caracas and one in Valencia, Venezuela; and two hospitals in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Hospitalized abortion cases were classified as induced or spontaneous or as "probably induced," "possibly induced," or "unknown" according to a classification scheme comprising certain medical criteria. The sociodemographic characteristics of induced and spontaneous abortion cases were subjected to discriminant function analysis and the discriminating variables best characterizing the induced versus the spontaneous abortion groups were identified for each center. On the basis of this analysis, the "probably" and "possibly" induced and "unknown" categories were further classified as induced or spontaneous abortion, with stated probabilities. Thus an overall estimate is made of the proportion of all hospitalized abortions that can be considered illegally induced outside the hospital. Selected results on costs of induced and spontaneous abortion are shown. The method further tested the feasibility of obtaining valid survey data on abortion from the communities studied by re-interviewing the women hospitalized for induced and spontaneous abortion six months later in their homes. This exercise showed a degree of under-reporting of abortion that varied widely among centers, even among women who had admitted illegal induction at the time of hospitalization. The feasibility of estimating the incidence of illegal abortion by field studies is discussed in the light of these findings.
  4. Utilization of maternal and child health facilities by the urban poor of Kuala Lumpur
    Gan CY, Yusof K
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1993 Jun;24(2):302-6.
    PMID: 8266233
    A survey conducted to assess the extent which the urban poor in rapidly expanding Kuala Lumpur utilize maternal and child health services available to them. The sample consisted of 1,380 households with children below 6 years and yielded 1,233 children below 6 years of age. 74% of the children had been delivered in government hospitals and 86% of the pregnancies had antenatal care in governmental establishments. 89.2% had BCG immunization before they were 1 year old but 13.3% had not received DPT by that age. Immunization was mainly done in government clinics. The overall immunization coverage for the whole of Kuala Lumpur is expected to be higher than these figures limited to the urban poor. Health planners should increase health facilities in the city to accommodate the expanding population. There is a need to continually campaign for immunization to improve coverage among the urban poor.
  5. Fulltext Protective effect of palm vitamin E and α-tocopherol against gastric lesions induced by water immersion restraint stress in Sprague-Dawley rats
    Ibrahim IA, Yusof K, Ismail NM, Fahami NA
    Indian J Pharmacol, 2008 Mar;40(2):73-7.
    PMID: 21279170 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.41042
    OBJECTIVE: Stress can lead to various changes in the gastrointestinal tract of rats. The present study was designed to compare the effect of palm vitamin E (PVE) and α-tocopherol (α-TF) supplementations on the gastric parameters important in maintaining gastric mucosal integrity in rats exposed to water immersion restraint stress (WRS). These parameters include gastric acidity, plasma gastrin level, gastric prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and gastric lesions.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were divided into three equal groups: a control group, which received a normal rat diet (RC), and two treatment groups, receiving oral supplementation of either PVE or α-TF at 60 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. Each group was further divided into two groups: the nonstress and stress groups. The stress groups were subjected to 3.5 h of WRS once at the end of the treatment period. Blood samples were then taken to measure the gastrin level, after which the rats were killed. Gastric juice was collected for measurement of gastric acidity and gastric tissue was taken for measurement of gastric mucosal lesions and PGE(2).

    RESULTS: Exposure to stress resulted in the production of gastric lesions. PVE and α-TF lowered the lesion indices as compared to the stress control group. Stress reduced gastric acidity but pretreatment with PVE and α-TF prevented this reduction. The gastrin levels in the stress group were lower as compared to that in the nonstress control. However, following treatment with PVE and α-TF, gastrin levels increased and approached the normal level. There was also a significant reduction in the gastric PGE(2) content with stress exposure, but this reduction was blocked with treatment with both PVE and α-TF.

    CONCLUSION: In conclusion, WRS leads to a reduction in the gastric acidity, gastrin level, and gastric PGE(2) level and there is increased formation of gastric lesions. Supplementation with either PVE or α-TF reduces the formation of gastric lesions, possibly by blocking the changes in the gastric acidity, gastrin, and gastric PGE(2) induced by stress. No significant difference between PVE and α-TF was observed.

  6. Characterization of pR18, a novel rolling-circle replication plasmid from Lactobacillus plantarum
    Jalilsood T, Baradaran A, Ling FH, Mustafa S, Yusof K, Rahim RA
    Plasmid, 2014 May;73:1-9.
    PMID: 24785193 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2014.04.004
    Lactobacillus plantarum PA18, a strain originally isolated from the leaves of Pandanus amaryllifolius, contains a pR18 plasmid. The pR18 plasmid is a 3211bp circular molecule with a G+C content of 35.8%. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed two putative open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2, in which ORF2 was predicted (317 amino acids) to be a replication protein and shared 99% similarity with the Rep proteins of pLR1, pLD1, pC30il, and pLP2000, which belong to the RCR pC194/pUB110 family. Sequence analysis also indicated that ORF1 was predicted to encode linA, an enzyme that enzymatically inactivates lincomycin. The result of Southern hybridization and mung bean nuclease treatment confirmed that pR18 replicated via the RCR mechanism. Phylogenetic tree analysis of pR18 plasmid proteins suggested that horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants without genes encoding mobilization has not only occurred between Bacillus and Lactobacillus but also between unrelated bacteria. Understanding this type of transfer could possibly play a key role in facilitating the study of the origin and evolution of lactobacillus plasmids. Quantitative PCR showed that the relative copy number of pR18 was approximately 39 copies per chromosome equivalent.
  7. Amnioscopy in high risk pregnancy
    Kuah KB, Yusof K
    Med J Malaya, 1972 Sep;27(1):63-8.
    PMID: 4264828
  8. Amnioscopy in high risk pregnancy
    Kuah KB, Yusof K
    Med J Malaysia, 1972 Sep;27(1):63-68.
    PMID: 35158539
    No abstract available.
  9. The spectrum of nasal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus and its association with the disease activity
    Kusyairi KA, Gendeh BS, Sakthiswary R, Shaharir SS, Haizlene AH, Yusof KH
    Lupus, 2016 Apr;25(5):520-4.
    PMID: 26657735 DOI: 10.1177/0961203315622279
    The purpose of this study was to determine the spectrum of nasal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its association with the disease activity of SLE based on the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). This was a cross-sectional and observational study involving 73 stable SLE patients. All subjects were evaluated for the SLEDAI scores and had nasal endoscopic examination. The most commonly reported symptom was nasal congestion (31.5%) followed by nasal itchiness (26.0%), runny nose (20.5%) and nasal dryness (19.2%). Almost half (42.9%) of the subjects had nasal mucosal abnormalities, which included mucositis, crusting, ulceration, bifid middle turbinate, septal spur, Jacobson's organ, deviated nasal septum, bilateral inferior turbinate hypertrophy, everted uncinate process, nasopharynx cleft and torus palatinus. The median SLEDAI score for subjects with nasal symptoms was significantly higher than subjects without nasal symptoms (p 
  10. The urban poor and obstetric outcome
    Leigh B, Ebrahim GJ, Lovell H, Yusof K
    J Trop Pediatr, 1983 10;29(5):265-7.
    PMID: 6644850 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/29.5.265
  11. Myocardial infarction in pregnancy. Case report and brief review
    Lim MA, Yusof K
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Dec;28(2):129-31.
    PMID: 4276231
  12. Fulltext Eliciting local knowledge of ecosystem services using participatory mapping and Photovoice: A case study of Tun Mustapha Park, Malaysia
    Lim VC, Justine EV, Yusof K, Wan Mohamad Ariffin WNS, Goh HC, Fadzil KS
    PLoS One, 2021;16(7):e0253740.
    PMID: 34242233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253740
    Protected areas in Malaysia have always been managed using top-down approach that often exclude the local communities, who are the main users of ecosystem services, from the planning and management. However, a newly established multiple-use marine park in Malaysia, Tun Mustapha Park (TMP), aims for inclusivity in managing the park. This research explores different participatory approaches (i.e. participatory mapping and Photovoice) to understand the ecosystem services and the dynamics surrounding the services in TMP. Community-based organisations and a mariculture farm in TMP were invited to participate in this work. The participants mapped the ecosystem services and provided in-depth qualitative data that supported the maps, besides highlighting ecological, sociocultural and economic issues surrounding the ecosystem services. Furthermore, the participants provided suggestions and recommendations that carry political effects. Therefore, the participatory approaches employed here had provided rich visual and spatial data to enhance the ecosystem-based management of TMP besides empowering the participants to voice out for their communities. The results generated from this work were also further utilised to fill in the gaps of knowledge in a separate ecosystem service assessment matrix. However, the output from participatory approaches should not be considered as the ultimate outcome but rather as supplement to the planning and management of TMP due to potential human errors and biases. Although the participatory approaches came with limitations and challenges that may have affected the findings here, these nonetheless had provided support to the capability of local communities to provide information crucial for management of protected areas as well as room for improvement for further work.
  13. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions related to drug abuse in peninsula Malaysia: a survey report
    Low WY, Zulkifil SN, Yusof K, Batumalai S, Aye KW
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 1995;8(2):123-9.
    PMID: 9037810
    Given the magnitude of drug addiction in Malaysia, the government has given top priority to this issue. It is timely that an assessment of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions related to drug abuse and drug dependents among the general public be carried out. Thus, a nationwide survey was undertaken. A representative sample of 2,591 respondents aged 13 years and above from households were surveyed throughout the 11 states and the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur in Peninsula Malaysia. The results revealed that the respondents are moderately knowledgeable on drug abuse, especially information pertaining to treatment, rehabilitation and aftercare services, including education to families against drug abuse. The public possess a negative attitude towards drug dependents. Majority felt that drug addicts do not have the will power to rid themselves of drugs and they also lack a supportive family network system. Many believe that the most vulnerable group are the adolescents. Respondents were aware of the type of drugs commonly abused, although they failed to realise their long-term effects. Respondents do not attribute low education, large family and marginal income to the background of drug dependents. The findings showed gaps and misconceptions in terms of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of the public. Accurate knowledge on, and right attitudes and perceptions towards drug related issues would certainly benefit the public in timely prevention of drug abuse.
  14. The drug abuse problem in Peninsular Malaysia: parent and child differences in knowledge, attitudes and perceptions
    Low WY, Zulkifli SN, Yusof K, Batumalail S, Aye KW
    Drug Alcohol Depend, 1996 Oct;42(2):105-15.
    PMID: 8889409
    A survey was carried out to gather information on knowledge, attitudes and perception of parents and their children in relation to drug abuse matters. Significantly more teenagers knew more of the cause of drug addiction, as well as places for treatment and rehabilitation. Both teenagers and parents were also aware of reasons why drug addicts find it difficult to change their habits, mainly lacking motivation to stop taking drugs and that drug addicts do not have the power to control themselves. Teenagers were significantly more aware of effects of negative parental attitudes contributing to drug abuse, apart from school factors. Personal experiences before abusing drugs such as knowledge of pleasurable effects of drugs and where to obtain them has also a role to play in leading to drug abuse. There was also agreement that unfulfilled needs such as 'not being respected recognised for ones capabilities' and 'not being loved or treated fairly by parents', were causes of drug abuse. Significantly more teenagers knew of the ways of abusing drugs, mainly by injection, smoking and sniffing, and also sources of information via the mass media, social clubs, rehabilitation centres and schools. However, both the parents and teenagers were relatively ignorant of the long term effects of abusing drugs.
  15. Services for urban poor families in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a case study
    Low WY, Yusof K
    Child Welfare, 1991 Mar-Apr;70(2):293-302.
    PMID: 2036882
    With 25% of its population living in over 148 squatter settlements, with a high incidence of communicable diseases, teenage pregnancies, and psychological and familial stress, the city of Kuala Lumpur has sought ways to improve conditions. This article describes one particularly promising approach: community-based centers integrating three socioeconomic components--preschool education, maternal and child health clinics, and income-generating activities.
    PIP: The accomplishments of the Sang Kancil Intervention program, a project designed to improve the living conditions of squatter communities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia are described. 25% of Kuala Lumpur's population lives in 148 squatter settlements, where life is especially difficult for women and children. Hoping to improve the living conditions of the urban poor, Kuala Lumpur's City hall initiated the Sang Kancil Intervention program. This program contains 3 components: preschool education, maternal and child health, and income generation. The preschool component provides education, food supplements, and medical checkups and treatment to children in the squatter settlements. In order to foster community participation, the teachers of the preschool program are chosen from among the squatter community, and mothers are encouraged to become involved. Evaluations of the preschools reveal positive attitudes from mothers and teachers, high attendance rates, and higher IQ test scores among children attending the preschool than among children not in the program. Sang Kancil has also provided maternal and health services to the squatter communities. Once a week, nurse practitioners set up a clinic providing the following services: immunization, prenatal and postnatal care, health education, nutrition, family planning, and treatment of minor illnesses. Sang Kancil's income-generation program seeks to raise the living standards of poor families by creating employment opportunities for women. Sang Kancil has established companies staffed, owned, and managed entirely by women. Among other things, these companies manufacture toys, batik items, and ceramics. The success of the companies has pushed shareholders above the poverty line.
  16. Fulltext Drug addiction--current trends
    Low Wah Yun, Yusof K
    Med J Malaysia, 1988 Mar;43(1):34-9.
    PMID: 3244317
  17. Fulltext The Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Tumor-Associated Lymphangiogenesis
    Md Yusof K, Rosli R, Abdullah M, A Avery-Kiejda K
    Cancers (Basel), 2020 Nov 06;12(11).
    PMID: 33172072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113290
    Lymphatic vessels are regarded as the "forgotten" circulation. Despite this, growing evidence has shown significant roles for the lymphatic circulation in normal and pathological conditions in humans, including cancers. The dissemination of tumor cells to other organs is often mediated by lymphatic vessels that serve as a conduit and is often referred to as tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis. Some of the most well-studied lymphangiogenic factors that govern tumor lymphangiogenesis are the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-C/D and VEGFR-2/3), neuroplilin-2 (NRP2), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), to name a few. However, recent findings have illustrated that non-coding RNAs are significantly involved in regulating gene expression in most biological processes, including lymphangiogenesis. In this review, we focus on the regulation of growth factors and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the lymphatic development in normal and cancer physiology. Then, we discuss the lymphangiogenic factors that necessitate tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis, with regards to ncRNAs in various types of cancer. Understanding the different roles of ncRNAs in regulating lymphatic vasculature in normal and cancer conditions may pave the way towards the development of ncRNA-based anti-lymphangiogenic therapy.
  18. Fulltext Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) in Malaysian Breast Cancer Survivors
    Md Yusof K, Mahmud R, Abdullah M, Avery-Kiejda KA, Rosli R
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2021 Apr 01;22(4):1055-1061.
    PMID: 33906296 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.4.1055
    INTRODUCTION: The survival rate of female breast cancer survivors has been reported to be higher than other types of cancer in Malaysia. Nonetheless, breast cancer survivors face new challenges from unwanted side effects of treatment or management such as fatigue, psychological disturbance, or arm swelling, which can lead to the decline of quality of life (QOL). This study aims to adapt the Malay version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) to evaluate the QOL and to test its reliability and validity in Malaysian breast cancer survivors.

    METHODS: The Malay version of the FACT-B, with Disabilities of Arms, Shoulders and Hands (DASH), and Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety-Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS) were distributed to female breast cancer survivors which were recruited on a voluntary basis, from cancer support groups based in selected states in Malaysia. Reliability was assessed based on internal consistency (Cronbach's α), whereas concurrent validity was examined by comparing domains in FACT-B with DASH and PHQ-ADS. Finally, total scores of each domain were analysed between lymphedema and without lymphedema groups for known-group validity.

    RESULTS: A total of 113 breast cancer survivors agreed to participate (response rate = 100%) in the study. Our results showed that the Cronbach's α value for Malay FACT-B is 0.88, and each domain ranged from 0.62 to 0.88. A strong correlation was found between the physical well-being domain of FACT-B with DASH. Meanwhile, the breast cancer scale (BCS) displayed significant correlation with the instrument, Patient Health Questionnaire- Anxiety Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS), indicating that multiple factors including psychological distress were measured in the BCS domain. Furthermore, the instrument was able to detect differences in physical, functional and QOL between participants from lymphedema and without lymphedema groups.

    CONCLUSION: The Malay version of the FACT-B demonstrated reliable properties and is effective in assessing QOL and can be applied in Malaysian breast cancer survivors.

  19. Eclampsia - a review of 48 cases
    Ong SK, Foo J, Wong WP, Yusof K
    Med J Malaysia, 1978 Mar;32(3):206-11.
    PMID: 683043
  20. Fulltext Soil moisture uniformity under low-pressure sprinkler irrigation system
    Osman, M., Hassan, S., Wan Yusof, K.
    Journal of Advanced Review on Scientific Research, 2014;3(1):1-13.
    MyJurnal
    The use of a sprinkler irrigation system is becoming more popular to reduce water
    consumption and increase irrigation efficiency. Irrigation uniformity plays an important role in the
    performance of the sprinkler irrigation system. The use of low operating pressure instead of high
    operating pressure system offer many benefits including energy and water saving. An experimental
    study was performed using two systems; a square 12x12 m system and a rectangular 10x12 m system
    to investigate irrigation uniformity based on soil moisture content of the sprinkler irrigation system
    under low operating pressure. In addition, irrigation uniformity was compared based on water
    application and soil moisture content. In this study, different low operating pressures (62, 82, 102 and
    122 KPa) were selected. Different nozzle diameters (4, 5, 6 and 7 mm) and different riser heights (0.5,
    0.75, and 1.0 m) were also used. The soil moisture content uniformities of 10 min after irrigation are
    more dependent on the initial soil moisture content uniformity than any other design factor. It is also
    less influenced by water application uniformity.
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