MyMedR

Jering-induced acute renal failure with blue urine

Yong M, Cheong I

Trop Doct, 1995 Jan;25(1):31.

PMID: 7886826 DOI: 10.1177/004947559502500110

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*

Nephropathy in Malaria

Wolthuis FH

Trop Geogr Med, 1968 Mar;20(1):21-7.

PMID: 4868143

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*

Fulltext Acute renal failure and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following multiple wasp stings: a case report

Loh HH, Tan CHH

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):133-5.

PMID: 22582570 MyJurnal

Wasp stings can present in various ways, ranging from mild self-limiting illness to severe multi organ failure with a potentially fatal outcome. We report a case of multiple wasp stings leading to acute renal failure needing prolonged dialysis support and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*

Fulltext Adult pyloric stenosis masquerading as acute renal failure

Siow SL, Wong CM, Sohail M

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):168-9.

PMID: 20058581 MyJurnal

Gastric outlet obstruction and in particular, pyloric stenosis, is relatively common in developing countries. Acute clinical presentation is often the manifestation of biochemical and electrolyte changes. The presence of metabolic alkalosis in combination with acute renal failure should alarm us to the possibility of adult pyloric stenosis. We report a case of adult pyloric stenosis that presented as acute renal failure and discuss its pathophysiology.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*

Fulltext Acute renal failure in the same hospital ten years apart

Chow YW, Lim BB, Hooi LS

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Mar;62(1):27-32.

PMID: 17682566 MyJurnal

A three month prospective study was carried out in 1994 (8/3/94 - 7/6/94) and late 2004/early 2005 (24/11/2004 - 15/2/2005) among patients with acute renal failure (ARF) (serum creatinine > 0.200 mmol/1). Incidence of ARF had increased from 0.48% (78/16,418) to 1.1% (211/18,697) of admissions between 1994 and 2004. Two thirds of patients were male. Mean age was 57.7 +/- 20.1 years in 1994 and 55.6 +/- 17.8 years in 2004. No difference was noted in causative factors, rate of oliguric ARF (about 10%) and mean peak urea and creatinine. The cause was pre-renal failure in 43.6% in 1994 and 53.5% in 2004. The second commonest cause was sepsis with 41% in 1994 and 37.9% in 2004. One in six patients needed dialysis and peritoneal dialysis was the main dialysis modality (69.2% and 74.3%). Mortality was 56.4% in 1994 and 44.5% in 2004. A quarter of deaths occurred within two days of admission due to severe underlying illness. Mortality among non-oliguric patients decreased from 52.9% in 1994 to 37.0% in 2004 (p = 0.04); for patients from intensive care units it was 78.3% in 1994 and 68.5% in 2004.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology

Fulltext Acute renal failure requiring dialysis--a 5 year series

Hooi LS

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Sep;52(3):251-6.

PMID: 10968094

A retrospective review of 246 patients with established acute renal failure (ARF) needing dialysis from 1990-1994 is reported from Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru. Peritoneal dialysis was more commonly used than haemodialysis or haemofiltration. Patients on mechanical ventilation in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) who were hypercatabolic and fluid overloaded were treated with haemofiltration. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 1.5:1. The majority were Malays (61.4%). Most patients were from the district of Johor Bahru, but 41.5% were from other districts in the Johor state. The mean age was 47.1 years (SD 18.2). The ARF was caused by acute tubular necrosis in 55.3%, post-renal obstruction in 22.8%, nephrotoxins in 5.7% and other causes in 16.2%. The proportions of patients referred from the medical, surgical and obstetric and gynaecology units were 50.8%, 45.5% and 3.7% respectively. The mortality rate was 48%. Patients with established ARF should be dialysed early as they tolerate uraemia poorly. Prevention is by prompt treatment of patients with sepsis, avoidance of hypovolaemia and nephrotoxic drugs.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology

Fulltext Acute renal failure in falciparum malaria

Segasothy M, Swaminathan M, Kong NC

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):412-5.

PMID: 7674979

We report two patients who had cerebral malaria, heavy parasitemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypercatabolism with rapid rises of blood urea and serum creatinine and acute renal failure. There was no evidence of intravascular hemolysis. Renal biopsy was consistent with acute tubular necrosis. Both patients responded to treatment with intravenous quinine and dialysis.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*

Fulltext Bilateral stones and renal failure

Suleiman AB, Awang H, Proehoeman F

Med J Malaysia, 1981 Mar;36(1):14-6.

PMID: 7321931

The clinical presentation of patients with bilateral stones is discussed. The majority of patients presenting to the Nephrology Unit were in renal failure. Aggressive medical treatment allowed
diagnostic procedures and definitive surgery to be performed in uraemic patients. Most patients presenting in uraemia benefitted from treatment.
Study Site: Urology Unit, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*

Fulltext Acute renal failure due to multiple bee stings--case reports

Ramanathan M, Lam HS

Med J Malaysia, 1990 Dec;45(4):344-6.

PMID: 2152058

This report deals with a father and his son who developed acute renal failure following multiple bee stings. The renal lesion in these patients appears to be due to rhabdomyolysis caused by the bee venom. The other mechanisms are also discussed. The need for clinicians to be aware of acute renal failure as a complication of bee stings is stressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*

Fulltext 16 cases of acute renal failure due to leptospirosis

Tan DSK, Suleiman AB, Jeyaindran S

Med J Malaysia, 1986 Jun;41(2):152-5.

PMID: 3821611

A study was carried out on 16 cases of leptospirosis with acute renal failure (ARF) detected in adult patients admitted into the Medical and Nephrology wards of the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, over a four-year period from 1980 to 1983. Most of the cases were male, Malays and older adults. The predominant infecting serovars were L. celledoni (of the serogroup L. javanica and L. pomona (of the L. pomona serogroup]. All the cases survived, including those who required peritoneal dialysis. The sensitised erythrocyte lysis (SEL) antibody prevalence rate of the chronic renal failure cases (10.4%) was found to be similar to that of the healthy population in West Malaysia (12. 7%), confirming the observation by other workers that leptospirosis is not an important cause of chronic renal failure.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*

Fulltext Extensive crescent formation in idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis. A case report

Cheong IK, Chong SM, Singh N, Suleiman AB

Med J Malaysia, 1981 Mar;36(1):8-10.

PMID: 7321940

We report this 21 years old Indian male with the nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy who later developed numerous epithelial crescents leading to a rapid loss of renal function. The pathogenesis of the crescentic transformation in this type of glomerulopathy is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology

Effect of kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury on proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular senescence in acute kidney injury in mice

Sari FT, Sari FT, Sari FT, Arfian N, Sari DCR

Med J Malaysia, 2020 05;75(Suppl 1):20-23.

PMID: 32471965

INTRODUCTION: Kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is the leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Kidney IRI demonstrated apoptosis of epithelial cells in acute phase followed by proliferation of interstitial cells in chronic episode, and cellular senescence may contribute to development of AKI, however, its occurrence within acute or chronic episodes is still not completely understood.

METHODS: Kidney IRI was performed with bilateral pediculus clamping in Swiss Background mice (3 months, 30-40g). Mice were euthanised on day one (I/R1, n=6), day eight (I/R8, n=6), and day twelve (I/R12, n=6) to exam acute and chronic episodes. Sham operation procedure was performed in the control. Tubular injury was assessed based on periodic acid- Schift (PAS) staining. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was done to quantify mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and p16. Immunohistostaining (IHC) was performed to examine localisation of apoptosis (p53) and proliferation (Bcl-2).

RESULTS: RT-PCR analysis showed upregulation of mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and p16 (p<0.05). The data showed that ischemia/reperfusion induces upregulation of Bax (p=0.20), Bcl-2 (p=0.45), p16 (p=0.18). Apoptosis and proliferation occurred in the epithelial cells in acute episodes, but occurred in interstitial areas in chronic episodes.

CONCLUSIONS: Ischemia/reperfusion injury induces upregulation proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular senescence in acute kidney injury. Apoptosis reached its peak on day 1, proliferation on day 8, and cellular senescence on day 12.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*

Fulltext The pattern of acute renal failure in Kelantan

Zainal D, Loo CS

Singapore Med J, 1996 Feb;37(1):44-7.

PMID: 8783912

Acute renal failure (ARF) has undergone many changes with advances both in diagnosis and therapy. A retrospective study covering three and a half years from June 1986 to December 1989 of adults admitted to Hospital of the University of Science Malaysia examined the various aspects of presentation of the syndrome, management and areas where improvement can be made. A total of 164 patients were included in the study. 61.6% were male and 38.4% were female. The mean age was 49.8 +/- 17.2 years with 70% of patients being more than 40 years old. The aetiologies of acute renal failure were analysed and discussed. The majority of the patients (80%) had non-oliguric acute renal failure. Oliguric acute renal failure patients have higher mortality and more frequently need dialysis. Early recognition of acute renal failure and discerning use of nephrotoxic drugs could result in decrease in incidence and severity of renal failure.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*

Fulltext Acute renal failure following jering ingestion

H'ng PK, Nayar SK, Lau WM, Segasothy M

Singapore Med J, 1991 Apr;32(2):148-9.

PMID: 2042077

We report two cases of acute renal failure that followed the ingestion of jering. Features of jering poisoning included clinical presentation of bilateral loin pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, oligo-anuria, haematuria and passage of sandy particles in the urine. Blood urea (40.8 mmol/l; 21.9 mmol/l) and serum creatinine (1249 mumols/l; 693 mumols/l) were markedly elevated. With conservative therapy which included rehydration with normal saline and alkalinisation of the urine with sodium bicarbonate, the acute renal failure resolved.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*

A case of minimal change disease complicated by acute kidney injury in systemic lupus erythematosus

Wong KW

Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2014 Nov;25(6):1308-11.

PMID: 25394457

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*

Fulltext Associated factors of dialysis-dependence among acute kidney injury patients in intensive care unit

Kamaruddin M, Hamid SA, Adnan AS, Naing NN, Wan Adnan WN

Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2019 11 8;30(5):1131-1136.

PMID: 31696852 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.270269

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in hospitals and many end up requiring dialysis. The aim was to identify the associated factors of dialysis-dependent of AKI patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs). A retrospective cohort study was conducted where a list of 121 AKI patients admitted to ICU in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia was retrospectively reviewed. AKI patients aged below 18 years old, had kidney transplantation or chronic dialysis before ICU admission and had incomplete medical record were excluded from the study. Simple and multiple logistic regression analysis were used. The mean [standard deviation (SD)] age of patients was 56 (17.15) years. Majority of patients were males (63.2%) and Malay ethnic (54.1%). 49.3% of patients were in stage I, 48.3% in stage II and 76.2% in stage III. The mean (SD) duration of patients stayed in ICU was 7 days (6.92) for non-dialysis dependent and 12 days (8.37) for dialysis-dependent. The associated factors were male gender [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 3.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53, 8.86; P = 0.004], AKI Stage III (adjusted OR: 4.51; 95% CI: 1.28, 15.91; P = 0.019), admitted in ICU (adjusted OR: 3.05; 95% CI: 1.28, 7.29; P = 0.012), and longer length of stay (adjusted OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.18; P = 0.003). The factors influence of dialysis-requiring AKI were observed to be dependent on the male male gender, suffer from the advanced stage (Stage III), admitted to the ICU and had a longer length of stay in ICU. Therefore, it is important for physicians to identify patients who are at high risk of developing AKI and implement preventive strategies.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology

Fulltext Incidence, Characteristics and Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury among Dengue Patients: A Retrospective Analysis

Mallhi TH, Khan AH, Adnan AS, Sarriff A, Khan YH, Jummaat F

PLoS One, 2015;10(9):e0138465.

PMID: 26421839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138465

BACKGROUND: Dengue induced acute kidney injury (AKI) imposes heavy burden of illness in terms of morbidity and mortality. A retrospective study was conducted to investigate incidence, characteristics, risk factors and clinical outcomes of AKI among dengue patients.

METHODOLOGY: A total 667 dengue patients (2008-2013) were retrospectively evaluated and were stratified into AKI and non-AKI groups by using AKIN criteria. Two groups were compared by using appropriate statistical methods.

RESULTS: There were 95 patients (14.2%) who had AKI, with AKIN-I, AKIN-II and AKIN-III in 76.8%, 16.8% and 6.4% patients, respectively. Significant differences (P<0.05) in demographics and clinico-laboratory characteristics were observed between patients with and without AKI. Presence of dengue hemorrhagic fever [OR (95% CI): 8.0 (3.64–17.59), P<0.001],rhabdomyolysis [OR (95% CI): 7.9 (3.04–20.49)], multiple organ dysfunction OR (95% CI):17.9 (9.14–35.12), P<0.001], diabetes mellitus [OR (95% CI): 4.7 (1.12–19.86), P = 0.034], late hospitalization [OR (95% CI): 2.1 (1.12–19.86), P = 0.033] and use of nephrotoxic drugs [OR(95% CI): 2.9 (1.12–19.86), P = 0.006] were associated with AKI. Longer hospital stay (>3days) was also observed among AKI patients (OR = 1.3, P = 0.044) [corrected].Additionally, 48.4% AKI patients had renal insufficiencies at discharge that were signicantly associated with severe dengue, secondary infection and diabetes mellitus. Overall mortality was 1.2% and all fatal cases had AKI.

CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of AKI is high at 14.2% among dengue patients, and those with AKI portended significant morbidity, mortality, longer hospital stay and poor renal outcomes. Our findings suggest that AKI in dengue is likely to increase healthcare burden that underscores the need of clinicians' alertness to this highly morbid and potentially fatal complication for optimal prevention and management.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*

Role of the renal sympathetic nervous system in mediating renal ischaemic injury-induced reductions in renal haemodynamic and excretory functions

Salman IM, Ameer OZ, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA, Yam MF, Najim HS, et al.

Pathology, 2010 Apr;42(3):259-66.

PMID: 20350220 DOI: 10.3109/00313021003631304

We investigated the role of renal sympathetic innervation in the deterioration of renal haemodynamic and excretory functions during the early post-ischaemic phase of renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology

Acute renal failure following multiple wasp stings

Thiruventhiran T, Goh BL, Leong CL, Cheah PL, Looi LM, Tan SY

Nephrol Dial Transplant, 1999 Jan;14(1):214-7.

PMID: 10052513

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology*

Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin diagnosed acute kidney injury in patients with systemic inflammatory disease and sepsis

Md Ralib A, Mat Nor MB, Pickering JW

Nephrology (Carlton), 2017 May;22(5):412-419.

PMID: 27062515 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12796

AIM: Sepsis is the leading cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated-Lipocalin (NGAL) is a promising biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI) detection; however, it is also increased with inflammation and few studies have been conducted in non-Caucasian populations and/or in developing economies. Therefore, we evaluated plasma NGAL's diagnostic performance in the presence of sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in a Malaysian ICU cohort.

METHODS: This is a prospective observational study on patients with SIRS. Plasma creatinine (pCr) and NGAL were measured on ICU admission. Patients were classified according to the occurrence of AKI and sepsis.

RESULTS: Of 225 patients recruited, 129 (57%) had sepsis of whom 67 (52%) also had AKI. 96 patients (43%) had non-infectious SIRS, of whom 20 (21%) also had AKI. NGAL concentrations were higher in AKI patients within both the sepsis and non-infectious SIRS cohorts (both P

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/etiology

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