MyMedR

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 49 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext A case report of severe Ascariasis infection in systemic lupus erythematosus patient

Tan J. Y. S., R. Surendran, Mohd Noh Malehah, Shaila Kabir, Chong Y. Y. Eleen

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):53-53.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Ascariasis is a parasitic infection, which commonly affects immunocompromised patients. Most pa-tients remained asymptomatic during the early larval migration stage and respond well with conventional anti-hel-minthic drugs. Previous literature had reported symptomatic Ascaris infection mimicking bacterial pneumonia and the typical eosinophilia found in Loeffler syndrome was absent in patients on corticosteroids. Thus, a high index of suspicion for ascariasis is needed for immunosuppressed patients presented with infection. We present here a case of severe ascariasis infection in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient. Case description: A 16-year-old boy presented with fever, generalized maculopapular rash associated with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. He was treated initially as Dengue Fever initially. However his symptoms did not resolve at even day 14 of admission. On further assessment, we were convinced he has SLE based upon presence of malar rash, oral ulcers, urinary protein-uria, persistent leucopenia, thrombocytopenia with low complements and ANA positive. He was promptly started on IV hydrocortisone. He showed a good progress in the first few days. On day 5 of admission, he coughed out a round worm which later identified as Ascarisis lumbricoides. He was started on Albendazole. Unfortunately he developed hemoptysis and respiratory compromisation where he required intubation. Post intubation he went into cardiac arrest, which required CPR. Following that event, his condition further deteriorated with multi organ failure. He succumbed to his illness three days later. Conclusion: Immunocompromised patients are prone to opportunistic infections including parasitic infections. we present here a case of ascariasis in an SLE patient who unfortunately succumbed to the illness. Due to the variable clinical symptoms that mimic other infections, screening for parasitic infections needs to be considered especially if the patients do not respond to antibiotics and routine treatments.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole
A fatal case of malignant neurocysticercosis

Ong SCL, Koh KC

BMJ Case Rep, 2017 Sep 27;2017.
PMID: 28954760 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-222281
Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole/therapeutic use
Fulltext A randomized controlled trial of increased dose and frequency of albendazole with standard dose DEC for treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremics in Odisha, India

Kar SK, Dwibedi B, Kerketa AS, Maharana A, Panda SS, Mohanty PC, et al.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2015 Mar;9(3):e0003583.
PMID: 25781977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003583

Although current programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis have made significant progress it may be necessary to use different approaches to achieve the global goal, especially where compliance has been poor and 'hot spots' of continued infection exist. In the absence of alternative drugs, the use of higher or more frequent dosing with the existing drugs needs to be explored. We examined the effect of higher and/or more frequent dosing with albendazole with a fixed 300 mg dose of diethylcarbamazine in a Wuchereria bancrofti endemic area in Odisha, India. Following screening, 104 consenting adults were randomly assigned to treatment with the standard regimen annually for 24 months (S1), or annually with increased dose (800 mg albendazole)(H1) or with increased frequency (6 monthly) with either standard (S2) or increased (H2) dose. Pre-treatment microfilaria counts (GM) ranged from 348 to 459 mf/ml. Subjects were followed using microfilaria counts, OG4C3 antigen levels and ultrasound scanning for adult worm nests. Microfilarial counts tended to decrease more rapidly with higher or more frequent dosing at all time points. At 12 months, Mf clearance was marginally greater with the high dose regimens, while by 24 months, there was a trend to higher Mf clearance in the arm with increased frequency and 800 mg of albendazole (76.9%) compared to other arms, (S1:64%, S2:69.2% & H1:73.1%). Although higher and/or more frequent dosing showed a trend towards a greater decline in antigenemia and clearance of "nests", all regimens demonstrated the potential macrofilaricidal effect of the combination. The higher doses of albendazole did not result in a greater number or more severe side effects. The alternative regimens could be useful in the later stages of existing elimination programmes or achieving elimination more rapidly in areas where programmes have yet to start.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole/administration & dosage; Albendazole/pharmacology*
Albendazole, an effective single dose, broad spectrum anthelmintic drug

Ramalingam S, Sinniah B, Krishnan U

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1983 Sep;32(5):984-9.
PMID: 6625078

Albendazole, a new anthelmintic drug was evaluated in Malaysia in 91 patients, with single or mixed infections of Ascaris, Trichuris, and hookworm. Albendazole was administered as a single dose of 400 mg, 600 mg, or 800 mg. The cure rate for Ascaris at all three doses was 100% at days 14 and 21 post-treatment; for hookworm it was 98.8%, 100% and 98%, respectively, at day 14 and 68.8%, 100% and 84%, respectively, at day 21; for Trichuris it was 31.2%, 57.1% and 42.3%, respectively, at day 14 and 27.3%, 60.9% and 48.0%, respectively, at day 21. The egg reduction rate at day 21 was 100% at all three doses for Ascaris, 94.5%, 100% and 96.1%, respectively, for hookworm; and 39.2%, 85.1% and 72.8%, respectively, for Trichuris. There were no side effects, and biochemical examination of blood and urine did not indicate any unfavourable changes. Based on this trial, the recommended dosage for Ascaris and hookworm is a 400 mg single dose, and for Trichuris is a 600 mg single dose. Albendazole appears to be more effective than other available anthelmintic drugs.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole
Fulltext Anti-Wolbachia therapy for onchocerciasis & lymphatic filariasis: Current perspectives

Wan Sulaiman WA, Kamtchum-Tatuene J, Mohamed MH, Ramachandran V, Ching SM, Sazlly Lim SM, et al.

Indian J Med Res, 2019 06;149(6):706-714.
PMID: 31496523 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_454_17

Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are human filarial diseases belonging to the group of neglected tropical diseases, leading to permanent and long-term disability in infected individuals in the endemic countries such as Africa and India. Microfilaricidal drugs such as ivermectin and albendazole have been used as the standard therapy in filariasis, although their efficacy in eliminating the diseases is not fully established. Anti-Wolbachia therapy employs antibiotics and is a promising approach showing potent macrofilaricidal activity and also prevents embryogenesis. This has translated to clinical benefits resulting in successful eradication of microfilarial burden, thus averting the risk of adverse events from target species as well as those due to co-infection with loiasis. Doxycycline shows potential as an anti-Wolbachia treatment, leading to the death of adult parasitic worms. It is readily available, cheap and safe to use in adult non-pregnant patients. Besides doxycycline, several other potential antibiotics are also being investigated for the treatment of LF and onchocerciasis. This review aims to discuss and summarise recent developments in the use of anti-Wolbachia drugs to treat onchocerciasis and LF.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole/therapeutic use
Fulltext Antifilarial compounds in the treatment and control of lymphatic filariasis

Mak JW

Trop Biomed, 2004 Dec;21(2):27-38.
PMID: 16493396

Diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) has been used for treatment and control of lymphatic filariasis since the 1950s. Although this remarkable drug is still useful and modified strategies in its usage have been developed, a number of newer antifilarial compounds are now available. Numerous field trials evaluating their efficacy in the control of lymphatic filariasis have been conducted. In particular, ivermectin (IVM), albendazole (ALB), and DEC have been tested singly and in combinations and the results of such field studies should be evaluated. While most of the studies were based on efficacy in the clearance of microfilaraemia, a few clinical trials evaluated the adulticidal activity of these compounds. Some antibiotics are effective in killing Wolbachia bacteria symbionts of filarial worms, but their role in the chemotherapy of lymphatic filariasis is still undefined. This review of randomised controlled field studies and randomised controlled clinical trials with these compounds will summarise the findings and give recommendations on their appropriate use for the control and treatment of lymphatic filariasis.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole
Fulltext Ascariasis, trichuriasis, and growth of schoolchildren in Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia

Raj SM, Naing NN

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1998 Dec;29(4):729-34.
PMID: 10772554

A study to determine the effect of antihelminthic treatment on growth and nutritional status was undertaken on 103 children in the second grade of primary school, 71 of whom were found to be infected with Ascaris lumbricoides or Trichuris trichiura. The median Ascaris and Trichuris intensities in the infected group were 19,600 (range; 0-488,000) and 2,800 (range; 0-84,600) eggs per gram of feces respectively. Forty-three children harbored both types of worm. Fourteen weeks after two 400 mg doses of albendazole were administered to infected children, the increases in weight, height, weight for age, height for age and weight for height were significantly higher among infected children than controls who were uninfected at baseline. The observed gains were independent of sex and socioeconomic status. Decrease in log transformed Trichuris intensity correlated with increases in weight (r=0.24; p=0.02) and weight for age (r=0.20; p=0.06) but decrease in Ascaris intensity did not correlate with increases in any of the anthropometric parameters. The results suggest that antihelminthic treatment has beneficial short-term effects on growth and nutritional status of a modest magnitude among early primary schoolchildren in the area.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole/therapeutic use*
Benzimidazole resistance of Haemonchus contortus in goats in Malaysia

Dorny P, Claerebout E, Vercruysse J, Jalila A, Sani R

Vet Rec, 1993 Oct 23;133(17):423-4.
PMID: 8279113
Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole/therapeutic use
Characterization of benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus: integration of phenotypic, genotypic and proteomic approaches

Tan TK, Lim YAL, Chua KH, Chai HC, Low VL, Bathmanaban P, et al.

Parasitol Res, 2020 Sep;119(9):2851-2862.
PMID: 32651637 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06790-5

The field strain of Haemonchus contortus has a long history of anthelmintic resistance. To understand this phenomenon, the benzimidazole resistance profile was characterized from the Malaysian field-resistant strain by integrating phenotypic, genotypic and proteomic approaches. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) demonstrated that benzimidazole resistance was at a critical level in the studied strain. The primary resistance mechanism was attributed to F200Y mutation in the isotype 1 β-tubulin gene as revealed by AS-PCR and direct sequencing. Furthermore, the protein response of the resistant strain towards benzimidazole (i.e., albendazole) treatment was investigated via two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These investigations illustrated an up-regulation of antioxidant (i.e., ATP-binding region and heat-shock protein 90, superoxide dismutase) and metabolic (i.e., glutamate dehydrogenase) enzymes and down-regulation of glutathione S-transferase, malate dehydrogenase, and other structural and cytoskeletal proteins (i.e., actin, troponin T). Findings from this study are pivotal in updating the current knowledge on anthelmintic resistance and providing new insights into the defence mechanisms of resistant nematodes towards drug treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole/pharmacology*
Fulltext Chronic Trichuris trichiura Infection Presenting as Ileocecal Valve Swelling Mimicking Malignancy

Tuan Sharif SE, Ewe Seng C, Mustaffa N, Mohd Shah NA, Mohamed Z

ISRN Gastroenterol, 2011;2011:105178.
PMID: 21991493 DOI: 10.5402/2011/105178

A 46-year-old man presented with a history of passing bright red blood per rectum over the last one month. He also had on and off diarrhea with visible mucus in the stool for two months' duration. Further history was unremarkable, and physical examination revealed hemorrhoids which were subsequently banded. A colonoscopy was arranged in view of the prolonged diarrhea whereby an edematous and swollen ileocecal valve was seen. This was shown to be due to Trichuris trichiura infection, confirmed on histopathological examination of biopsies taken from the site. The patient was started on oral albendazole treatment and has been asymptomatic on latest followup. This case illustrates an accidental finding of T. trichuria infection on colonoscopic examination, which was done to investigate the patient's prolonged diarrhea.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole
Fulltext Comparative trials using albendazole and mebendazole in the treatment of soil-transmitted helminths in schoolchildren on Penang, Malaysia

Rahman WA

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1996 Dec;27(4):765-7.
PMID: 9253881

Trials using albendazole and mebendazole, as single 400 mg dose treatments, against soil-transmitted helminths, were carried out in 7-9 and 10-12 years-old schoolchildren living in urban and rural environments in Penang, Malaysia. Both drugs were equally effective in treating trichuriasis and ascariasis in both age groups and environments. However, mebendazole is not so effective in the treatment for hookworms when compared to albendazole. It is suggested that albendazole should be considered the drug of choice for mass chemotherapy for Penang.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole/therapeutic use*
Fulltext Creeping eruption

Yap FB

Int J Infect Dis, 2010 Jun;14(6):e545.
PMID: 19889564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.07.006
Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole/therapeutic use*
Cutaneous larva migrans in a beach volleyball player

Krzywanski J, Kuchar E, Mierzynski R

IDCases, 2021;24:e01084.
PMID: 33889485 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01084

Athletes playing beach volleyball come into contact with sand and may contract skin parasites. We present a case of cutaneous larva migrans in a 20-year-old Polish female beach volleyball player. The athlete participated in The World Tour in Asia (China, Malaysia, Cambodia) a month before. In the beginning, her skin lesions were misdiagnosed as allergic reactions and treated with antihistamines. The disease in the form of a pruritic, migratory serpiginous skin eruption on legs was diagnosed during routine medical examination at the National Centre for Sports Medicine in Warsaw. She was treated successfully with albendazole and cetirizine. The skin lesions resolved entirely within two weeks.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole
Fulltext Developing and evaluating health education learning package (HELP) to control soil-transmitted helminth infections among Orang Asli children in Malaysia

Al-Delaimy AK, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Lim YA, Nasr NA, Sady H, Atroosh WM, et al.

Parasit Vectors, 2014;7:416.
PMID: 25179100 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-416

This study was carried out to develop a health education learning package (HELP) about soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, and to evaluate what impact such a package could have in terms of reducing the incidence and intensity of STH infections among Orang Asli schoolchildren in Pahang, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole/therapeutic use
Fulltext Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis in a young boy: a case report

Guan-Fook N, Hayati AA, Raja-Azmi MN, Liza-Sharmini AT, Wan-Hazabbah WH, Zunaina E

Clin Ophthalmol, 2012;6:487-90.
PMID: 22536041 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S29806

We report a case of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis in a young boy with no clinical visualization of nematode. The diagnosis was made based on clinical findings and detection of Toxocara immunoglobulin G by Western blot test. An 11-year-old Malay boy presented with progressive blurring of vision in the left eye for a duration of 1 year. It was associated with intermittent floaters. Visual acuity in the left eye was 6/45 and improved to 6/24 with pinhole. There was positive relative afferent pupillary defect, impaired color vision, and presence of red desaturation in the left eye. There were occasional cells in the anterior chamber with no conjunctiva injection. Posterior segment examination revealed mild-to-moderate vitritis and generalized pigmentary changes of the retina with attenuated vessels. The optic disk was slightly hyperemic with mild edema. There was presence of multiple, focal, gray-white subretinal lesions at the inferior part of the retina. Full blood picture results showed eosinophilia with detection of Toxocara immunoglobulin G by Western blot test. Investigations for other infective causes and connective tissue diseases were negative. The diagnosis of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis secondary to Toxocara was made based on clinical findings and laboratory results. He was treated with oral albendazole 400 mg daily for 5 days and oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg with tapering doses over 6 weeks. At 1 month follow-up, the inflammation had reduced, and multiple, focal, gray-white subretinal lesions were resolved; however there was no improvement of vision.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole
Disseminated microsporidiosis: An underdiagnosed and emerging opportunistic disease

Mohamed Yusoff PS, Osman E, Raja Sabudin RZA

Malays J Pathol, 2021 Apr;43(1):9-18.
PMID: 33903300

Disseminated microsporidiosis is a life-threatening disease resulting from the haematogenous spread of microsporidia species. The diagnosis is challenging owing to its subtle nonspecific clinical presentation, which usually reflects the underlying organ involved. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis. Besides, tools for confirmatory laboratory diagnosis are limited. Currently, there is no direct diagnostic method that can detect the infection without involving invasive procedures. Clinical confirmation of disseminated microsporidiosis is usually based on light and transmission electron microscopy of infected tissue specimens. These are then followed by species detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Disseminated microsporidiosis shows the potential to be cleared up by albendazole or fumagillin if they are detected and treated early. Based on a series of case reports, this review aims to present a current update on disseminated microsporidiosis with emphasis on the clinical manifestations based on the organ system infected, diagnostic approach and treatment of this devastating condition.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole
Fulltext Does vitamin A supplementation protect schoolchildren from acquiring soil-transmitted helminthiasis? A randomized controlled trial

Al-Mekhlafi HM, Anuar TS, Al-Zabedi EM, Al-Maktari MT, Mahdy MA, Ahmed A, et al.

Parasit Vectors, 2014;7:367.
PMID: 25127885 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-367

Despite the intensive global efforts to control intestinal parasitic infections, the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections is still very high in many developing countries particularly among children in rural areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole/administration & dosage; Albendazole/therapeutic use
Effect of intestinal helminthiasis on intestinal permeability of early primary schoolchildren

Raj SM, Sein KT, Anuar AK, Mustaffa BE

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1996 11 1;90(6):666-9.
PMID: 9015510

Intestinal permeability of 246 early primary schoolchildren at 2 schools (106 of whom were infected with intestinal helminths) was assessed by using the lactulose/mannitol differential absorption test. The ratio of the urinary recoveries of lactulose and mannitol was determined after oral administration of a standard solution of the 2 sugars. Assessment of intestinal permeability was repeated on 100 infected children after treatment and on a cohort of 68 uninfected children. Infected and uninfected groups were compared with respect to baseline lactulose/mannitol ratio (L/M1) and change in lactulose/mannitol ratio between assessments (delta L/M). The correlations between baseline intensity of infection and L/M1, and between fall in intensity and delta L/M, were evaluated. Based on a crude index of socioeconomic status, each child was assigned to one of 3 socioeconomic groups; all but 3 children belonged to either groups 2 or 3. Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides were the 2 predominant infections; the hookworm infection rate was relatively low. The results suggested that helminthiasis exerted only a marginal effect on intestinal permeability, the impact of which in children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds was negligible in comparison with the cumulative effects of other factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole/therapeutic use
Effect of intestinal helminthiasis on school attendance by early primary schoolchildren

Raj SM, Sein KT, Anuar AK, Mustaffa BE

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1997 3 1;91(2):131-2.
PMID: 9196748

Stool examination of 249 early primary schoolchildren at 2 schools in north-eastern peninsular Malaysia revealed that 73 were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, 103 with Trichuris trichiura, and 18 with hookworms. Infected children were treated with a single dose of 400 mg of albendazole. The school attendance records during a 60 d period before treatment and 2 consecutive 60 d periods after treatment were examined. The absenteeism rate did not improve more among infected children after treatment than it did among the uninfected control children. The correlation between worm intensity and the number of lost school-days was poor. There was no evidence that intestinal helminthiasis caused school absenteeism among this group of children.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole/therapeutic use
Fulltext Efficacy of Albendazole-Pyrantel Pamoate Compared to Albendazole Alone for Trichuris trichiura Infection in Children: A Double Blind Randomised Controlled Trial

Sapulete EJJ, de Dwi Lingga Utama IMG, Sanjaya Putra IGN, Kanya Wati D, Arimbawa IM, Gustawan IW

Malays J Med Sci, 2020 May;27(3):67-74.
PMID: 32684807 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.3.7

Background: Soil transmitted helminths (STH) are intestinal nematodes and constitute one of the most neglected tropical diseases to exist. Objective: This study determined the efficacy of albendazole-pyrantel pamoate compared to albendazole in 8-12 years old children with Trichuris trichiura infection.
Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted between October 2017 and February 2018 on participants whose stool examinations confirmed the presence of Trichuris trichiura infection. The subjects were randomised into two groups. The statistical analysis used Chi-square test.
Results: There were 392 of 600 children at five public elementary schools in Bangli and Bali and were infected with Trichuris trichiura. The cure rate of Trichuris trichiura infection seven days following treatment was lower with the combination of albendazole and pyrantel pamoate compared to that of albendazole. The egg reduction rate of Trichuris trichiura infection was lower with the combination of albendazole and pyrantel pamoate compared to albendazole.
Conclusion: The study indicated that a combination of albendazole and pyrantel pamoate does not improve cure rate or egg reduction rate in 8-12 years old children with Trichuris trichiura infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Albendazole

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links