MyMedR

Fulltext Patterns of Referral to Clinical Psychology Services in the Ministry of Health Malaysia

Martadza M, Saedon UI, Darus N, Badli TST, Ghazalan SA, Yunus WMAWM

Malays J Med Sci, 2019 Nov;26(6):111-119.

PMID: 31908592 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.6.11

Background: This descriptive study identifies the demographic characteristics and patterns of referral to clinical psychology services, which include types of diagnosis, types of referral and source of referrals in child, adolescent, adult and geriatric cases in Malaysia.

Methods: We utilised 2,179 referrals between January and December 2015 from six general hospitals and three mental health institutions that provide clinical psychology services.

Results: The percentage of male referrals (60.3%) is higher than that of female referrals (39.7%). Adult cases had the highest percentage of referrals (48.2%). Children (48.8%) and adolescent (28.1%) cases were mainly referred for psychological assessment. Meanwhile, adult cases (74.8%) were mainly referred for psychological intervention. Neurodevelopmental disorders was the diagnosis with the highest percentage of referrals recorded (41.4%), followed by depressive disorders (13.3%) and anxiety disorders (12.7%), and the combination of other disorders. Psychiatrists provided the highest number of referrals (82.2%), which is unsurprising as both fields are closely related.

Conclusion: Clinical psychology services within the Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia play an important role in mental health care.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric

The psychiatric patient: preventing iatrogenic complications

Wagner NN

Med J Malaya, 1967 Dec;22(2):79-81.

PMID: 4231982

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric

Experiments and rights

Vollrath J

Bioethics, 1989 Apr;3(2):93-105.

PMID: 11649247 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8519.1989.tb00331.x

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric

Fulltext Obesity in multiracial schizophrenia patients receiving outpatient treatment in a regional tertiary hospital in malaysia

Norlelawati AT, Kartini A, Ramli M, Norsidah K, Wan Azizi WS, Tariq AR

East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2012 Jun;22(2):49-56.

PMID: 22714874

OBJECTIVES. Obesity is an issue of concern among patients with schizophrenia as it is a co-morbid condition that is closely related to metabolic syndrome. The present study assessed the correlation of body mass index with antipsychotic use among multiracial schizophrenia outpatients. The study also compared the patients' body mass index with Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS) data.
METHODS. A total of 216 participants were recruited into a cross-sectional study conducted over 5 months, from December 2010 to April 2011. Body weight and height were measured using the standard methods. Demographic data and treatment variables were gathered through interview or review of the medical records.
RESULTS. There were differences in mean body mass index between men and women (p = 0.02) and between Malay, Chinese and Indian races (p = 0.04). Stratified by sex, age, and race, the body mass index distributions of the patients were significantly different to those of the reference MANS population. The prevalence of obesity among patients was more than 2-fold greater than among the reference population in all variables. Although body mass index distribution was related to antipsychotic drugs (χ(2) = 33.42; p = 0.04), obesity could not be attributed to any specific drug.
CONCLUSION. The prevalence of obesity among patients with schizophrenia was significantly greater than that in the healthy Malaysian population, and affects the 3 main races in Malaysia.
Study site: Psychiatry Clinic, Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric*

CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS AND ILLNESSES SEEN AT TAMPOI MENTAL HOSPITAL; (A PRELIMINARY REPORT)

TAN ES

Med J Malaysia, 1964 Sep;19:3-7.

PMID: 14240061

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric*

Beliefs about schizophrenia and its treatment in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia

Swami V, Furnham A, Kannan K, Sinniah D

Int J Soc Psychiatry, 2008 Mar;54(2):164-79.

PMID: 18488409

Lay beliefs about schizophrenia have been extensively studied in cross-cultural settings, but research on ethnic differences are currently lacking.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric/standards

A comparison of clinical characteristics of older adults treated with antidepressants in general and psychiatric hospitals in Asia

Wang YY, Xiang YT, Ungvari GS, Ng CH, Chiu HFK, Yim LCL, et al.

Psychogeriatrics, 2017 Nov;17(6):348-355.

PMID: 28429844 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12243

AIM: This study compared the demographics, clinical characteristics, and antidepressant prescription patterns between Asian patients aged 50 years and older attending psychiatric hospitals and those attending general hospitals.

METHODS: In total, 955 patients (604 in general hospitals, 351 in psychiatric hospitals) aged 50 years or older treated with antidepressants in 10 Asian countries and territories were examined. Patients' demographics, clinical features, and prescriptions of psychotropic drugs were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure.

RESULTS: Binary logistic regression revealed that high income and diagnosis of schizophrenia were independently associated with psychiatric hospital treatment, whereas outpatient care, diagnosis of anxiety disorders, and multiple major medical conditions were independently associated with general hospital treatment. In addition, tetracyclic and noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants were more likely to be prescribed in general hospitals.

CONCLUSION: Older adults treated with antidepressants showed different demographic and clinical features between general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals in Asia.

Study site: multi nation

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric; Hospitals, Psychiatric*

Communication problems with psychiatric patients in the multilingual society of Sarawak

Schmidt KE

Psychiatry, 1965 Aug;28:229-33.

PMID: 14318932 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.1965.11023430

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric*

The story of the Central Mental Hospital, Tanjong Rambutan, Federated Malay States

Samuels W

Journal of Mental Science, 1926;72:39-49.

Extract: In 1910 I was holding the appointment of Medical Officer and Magistrate at Anguilla in the St. Kits presidency of the Leeward Islands, British West Indies, when the Administrator one day handed me a cable, asking if I would accept the Medical Superintendency of the “Central Lunatic Asylum,” Tanjong Rambutan, Perak, Federated Malay States. Fortunately the cable explained that Tanjong Rambutan was in the Federated Malay States, as neither he nor I had the slightest idea where it was.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric

[ORGANIZATION OF A PSYCHIATRIC HEALTH SERVICE IN AN UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA (SARAWAK)]

SCHMIDT KE

Nervenarzt, 1963 Sep;34:397-401.

PMID: 14163217

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric*

Management of schizophrenia in Sarawak Mental Hospital, 1959

SCHMIDT KE

J Ment Sci, 1961 Jan;107:157-60.

PMID: 13748028

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric*

Fulltext A community child and adolescent guidance clinic in Malaysia

Krahl W, Quek SL, Raman N

Med J Malaysia, 1981 Sep;36(3):171-3.

PMID: 7329374

Study site: Child and Adolescent Guidance Clinic, Hospital Bahagia, Perak, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric

Fulltext Galactorrhoea in a male schizophrenic patient: a case report

Muhammad Chanchal Azad, Raihana Musawwir

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015;9(1):0-0.

MyJurnal

Galactorrhoea is non-lactational milk production and it may or may not be associated with prolactinemia1. It causes embarrassment and distress to a schizophrenic patient, especially, if the patient is male. One study in Germany reported that incidence and prevalence of galactorrhoea in schizophrenia are 14% and 19%, respectively2. Although galactorrhoea is not rare in schizophrenic patients, managing and understanding the a etiology can be problematic. In psychiatric patients, antipsychotics can be a cause but other causes need to be ruled out. Galactorrhoea also needs to be differentiated from pathologic nipple discharge which can be due to breast tumours. Usually, galactorrhoea is bilateral, multiductal, and milky, but discharge can be yellow, green or brown3. This case report describes a 32-year old patient with schizophrenia who visited a government psychiatric hospital in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. This report highlights the clinical challenges to determine the aetiology of galactorrhoea and to manage it in schizophrenics. It raises the following clinical questions: Why a psychiatric patient develops galactorrhoea? How a schizophrenic patient presents with galactorrhoea? What hormonal imbalances are associated with this psychiatric disorder? How should a doctor handle a schizophrenic patient complaining of galactorrhoea? What is the danger of having galactorrhoea in a male?

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric

Fulltext Schizophrenia, substance use and aggressions: what are the relationships?

Rusdi Abd. Rashid, Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman, Nor Zuraida Zainal, Noorzurani Robson, Mas Ayu Said, Mohammad Hussain Habil, et al.

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2010;11(1):72-78.

MyJurnal

Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of substance abuse for alcohol, cannabis, opiates, stimulants, solvent and other substances among patients with schizophrenia in Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta (HBUK), Perak , Central Peninsular of Malaysia. This study also aims to determine the association of substance abuse with aggression, the demographic characteristics and total duration of hospitalization.
Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study whereby the first 194 subjects diagnosed to have schizophrenia based on International Classification of Disease, 10th edition (ICD-10) criteria were taken from data registry of patients admitted to HBUK from January until February 2004. The subjects’ medical files were examined for documentation of substances abuse, aggression and accumulative duration of hospitalization.
Results: The results showed the prevalence of substances misuse among patients with schizophrenia in general (including alcohol) was 24.7%. Cannabis 16.7%, alcohol 13.4%, opiates(heroin) 6.7%, Amphetamine type stimulants (amphetamine, metamphetamine, ecstacy) 5.7%, and other substances (benzodiazepine, solvents) 1.5%.
Conclusion: There is higher prevalence of substance misuse in patients with schizophrenia as compared to general population. Male patients with history of substance misuse are more likely to have aggression than female. This group needs special precaution and probably in need of specialist help.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric

Fulltext Factors influencing inpatient duration among insanity acquittees in a Malaysian mental institution

Chan, Lai Fong, Tuti Iryani Mohd Daud, Hazli Zakaria, Phang, Cheng Kar, Loo, Tsui Huei, Ong, Lieh Yan, et al.

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2010;11(1):25-35.

MyJurnal

Objective: According to Malaysian law, defendants found not guilty by reason of insanity may be admitted to a psychiatric hospital and discharge is subject to the state ruler’s assent. The objective of this study is to examine the clinical, socio-demographic and forensic factors that influence inpatient duration of insanity acquittees in a Malaysian mental institution. Methods:This is a cross-sectional study of one hundred and twelve insanity acquittee inpatients in Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta from January 2007 to February 2007. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) respectively. Other relevant sociodemographic, clinical and forensic factors were also assessed. Results: The inpatient duration varied widely from three months to forty-seven years with a median of seven years. Seventy five percent of patients were in remission. According to the multiple linear regression model, the strongest predictor of a longer duration of hospital stay for insanity acquittees was older age (p

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric

Fulltext Does Psychoeducation Improve Insight of Patients with Schizophrenia?

Ruzanna, Z., Marhani, M., Parveen, K.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2010;19(2):1-14.

MyJurnal

The main aim of the study was to determine the effect of psychoeducation program on insight of patients with schizophrenia and to determine other factors associated with the change of the insight. This was an interventional study of 70 patients with schizophrenia who underwent a psychoeducation program. Diagnosis was confirmed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I). Insight was assessed using the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight (SAI) before and after the psychoeducation programme. Effect on insight was measured as the change in SAI scores. There was an improvement in insight after the psychoeducation programme which was significant (p< 0.001). Patient’s age, shorter duration of illness and no previous history of admission to mental institution were significantly related to the improvement of insight (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Psychoeducation is an important tool in improving insight into illness among patients with schizophrenia. It needs to be given as early as possible during the course of the illness.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric

Penyelidikan kesihatan mental di Malaysia

Roslan Johari, M.G., Muslha, D., Abdul Kadir, A.B., Safraz Manzoor, H., Sharifah Rohani, S.A.B., Tahir, A., et al.

Journal of Health Management, 2008;4(1):15-19.

MyJurnal

Tujuan menjalankan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tahap kekerapan penyelidikan yang berkaitan dengan kesihatan mental yang dijalankan di fasiliti Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. Sebanyak 258 fasiliti Kementerian Kesihatan yang terlibat dalam kajian ini meliputi Hospital Mental, Hospital dengan perkhidmatan Pakar Psikiatri, Hospital tanpa perkhidmatan Pakar Psikiatri dan Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah. Borang kajiselidik telah dihantar melalui pos kepada Pengarah Hospital dan Pegawai Kesihatan Daerah dengan kadar maklumbalas 70.2%. Hasil kajian mendapati hanya 23(13.1%) fasiliti sahaja yang menjalankan kajian mengenai kesihatan mental. Sebanyak 37 kajian berkaitan kesihatan mental telah dijalankan bagi tahun 2003-2004. Penyebab utama penyelidikan kurang dijalankan disebabkan oieh peruntukan yang tidak mencukupi dan tiada kepakaran untuk menjalankan penyelidikan yang berkaitan dengan kesihatan mental. Antara penyebab lain adalah kekurangan anggota, NGO tidak berminat dan tiada latihan. Kesimpulannya menunjukkan tahap penyelidikan kesihatan mental di fasiliti Kementerian Kesihatan masih rendah.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric

Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) therapy on the female sexual response cycle of women with major depression

Hatta S, Duni A, Ng CG, Lin N, Marhani M, Das S, et al.

Clin Ter, 2013;164(1):11-5.

PMID: 23455735 DOI: 10.7417/T.2013.1503

Depression and its treatment may influence all aspects of the female sexual function from desire to sexual satisfaction. This study aimed to examine the components of the female sexual response cycle (SRC) of women with major depression treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric

Fulltext The psychometric properties of the Malay version Positive Emotion Rating Scale (PERS-M)

Mohamed, F.A., Ong, L.Y., Ng, C.G.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2016;25(1):36-46.

MyJurnal

Positive emotion is often neglected in the depressed patients due to the lack of assessment tool. Positive Emotion Rating Scale (PERS) is a newly invented self-report questionnaire, nevertheless has an impressive psychometric properties.
Objective: The aim of this study was to study the psychometric properties of the Malay version PERS (PERS-M), in order to facilitate its use in the local setting.
Method: In this cross-sectional study convenient sampling, total of 43 depressed subjects and 85 non-depressed subjects who were presented to the outpatient clinic of HBUK were recruited. Both groups were assessed with PERS-M, original PERS, Dispositional Positive Emotion Scale (DPES), Malay version of Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS-M) and Malay version of Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression CESDM).
Results: PERS-M displayed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.89), parallel reliability (intraclasss coefficient = 0.95, p<0.001) and concurrent validity with the DPES (r=0.32, p<0.05) and SHAPS-M (r=0.77, p<0.01). The PERS-M was negatively correlated with CESD-M (r= -0.61, p<0.01). The optimal cut-off value was 32, with sensitivity = 0.68 and specificity = 0.63, positive predictive value of 0.49 and negative predictive value of 0.79. The area under the curve (AUC) for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was 0.71 (95% CI = 0.604 - 0.813).
Conclusion: the PERS-M is a brief and easy to administer tool to measure positive emotion in depressed subjects, with demonstrable satisfactory psychometric properties.
Keywords: Positive Emotion, Depression, Psychometric Properties, Instrument
Study site: Psychiatric clinic, Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta, Perak, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric

Fulltext The psychological well-being of patients with schizophrenia on follow up clinics in three psychiatric hospitals in Malaysia

Zamuna Mat Nor, Idayu Badilla Idris, Faiz Daud, Natrah Abd Rani

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(1):203-208.

MyJurnal

Introduction: The daily life problems of patients with schizophrenia as well as their symptoms are challenging sit- uations that may interfere with their psychological well-being. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the psychological well-being of patients with schizophrenia and factors affecting it. Methods: A cross sec- tional study was conducted to examine the socio-demographic factors, health level, social support and self-esteem of patients with schizophrenia. A total of 255 respondents consisting of patients on follow-up from specialist clinics at three Psychiatric Hospitals in this country were selected to answer the questionnaire. The questionnaires used were the Affect Balance Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale for the measurement of the psychological well-being, social support and self-esteem respectively. The data was analysed using Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A total of 62% of the respondents had positive psychological wellbeing. Socio demographic factors, namely occupation (p=0.007), overall social support (p=0.023), family support (p=0.040), significant others’ support (p=0.046), and self-esteem (p < 0.001), were associ- ated with positive psychological well-being. Conclusion: This study has proven that patients with schizophrenia who regularly received treatment can achieve positive psychological well-being when they have high self-esteem, strong support from their family members as well as people around them and are stable occupation.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, Psychiatric

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