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Fulltext Consanguinity and isolated atrial septal defect in North East of Iran

Moghaddam HM, Esfehani RJ, Panah NY, Esfehani AJ

Ann Saudi Med, 2014 6 5;34(2):147-52.
PMID: 24894784 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2014.147

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The rate of consanguineous marriage is high in Middle Eastern countries such as Iran. The relationship between consanguineous marriage and congenital heart disease is discussed in some studies, but there is not much data for relationship between atrial septal defect (ASD) and consanguineous marriage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between consanguineous marriage and ASD echocardiographic characteristics.
DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This was a cross-sectional study approved by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences ethics committee and took place in Mashhad, Iran, for a period of 3 years from August 2008 till September 2011.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 113 ASD patients participated and they were categorized into 3 groups on the basis of family relationship between their parents: first group-"no relationship," second group- "third degree relationship," and third group- "far relationship."
RESULTS: Among the 54 male and 59 female ASD patients, the most prevalent type of ASD was ASD secundum (85.0%) followed by sinus venosus (8.8%). A total of 56% patients were present in the first group and 15% and 29% in the second group and the third group, respectively." The relationship between consanguinity and type of ASD (P < .001) and gender (P < .001 each) was observed. The relationship between the age of onset of disease and consanguinity (P=.003) was also observed.
CONCLUSION: Considering the fact that there is a high prevalence of ASD and consanguineous marriage in Iran and bearing in mind the results of the present study, we recommend educating couples about the outcomes of consanguineous marriage in pre-marriage counseling.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Dietary factors as the major determinants of overweight and obesity among Iranian adolescents. A cross-sectional study

Hatami M, Taib MN, Jamaluddin R, Saad HA, Djazayery A, Chamari M, et al.

Appetite, 2014 Nov;82:194-201.
PMID: 25068789 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.07.026

This study investigated the determinants of overweight/obesity in adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 1157 adolescents. Weight and height were measured. Information on socio-economic status (SES), dietary intakes, physical activity, and sedentary behaviours were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Binary and multivariate binary logistic regressions were used to obtain the relationships and odds-ratios, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher among adolescents in low- or high-income families, adolescents whose mothers worked out of home, adolescents whose parents were both overweight, adolescents who watched a lot of TV or had excessive energy intake, adolescents with lower physical activity or lower intake of dietary fibre, those who skipped breakfast ≥ 4 times per week, and those with low and high fat intake. However, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only energy intake was associated with increased odds and vegetables and fibre intake were associated with a reduction in the odds of being overweight (all p<0.05). Adolescents from middle SES showed a lower risk of overweight/obesity than low and high SES due to better dietary intakes and less sedentary behaviours. Therefore, in overweight/obesity prevention programs, adolescents with determined risk factors from families with low and high SES should receive attention.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
"Stain in life": The meaning of urinary incontinence in the context of Muslim postmenopausal women through hermeneutic phenomenology

Hamid TA, Pakgohar M, Ibrahim R, Dastjerdi MV

Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2015 May-Jun;60(3):514-21.
PMID: 25662038 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.01.003

UI is a worldwide chronic condition among postmenopausal women. Little is known about the meaning of lived experiences of urinary incontinence of these women's viewpoints in their context.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Fulltext Parental body mass index is associated with adolescent overweight and obesity in Mashhad, Iran

Shafaghi K, Shariff ZM, Taib MN, Rahman HA, Mobarhan MG, Jabbari H

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2014;23(2):225-31.
PMID: 24901091 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.2.11

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children aged 12 to 14 years in the city of Mashhad, Iran and its association with parental body mass index.
METHODS: A total of 1189 secondary school children (579 males and 610 females) aged 12- 14 years old were selected through a stratified multistage random sampling. All adolescents were measured for weight and height. Household socio-demographic information and parental weight and height were self-reported by parents. Adolescents were classified as overweight or obese based on BMI-for age Z-score. Multivariable logistic Regression (MLR) determined the relationship between parental BMI and adolescent overweight and obesity.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children in Mashhad was 17.2% and 11.9%, respectively. A higher proportion of male (30.7%) than female (27.4%) children were overweight or obese. BMI of the children was significantly related to parental BMI (p<0.001), gender (p= 0.02), birth order (p<0.01), parents' education level (p<0.001), father's employment status (p<0.001), and family income (p<0.001). MLR showed that the father's BMI was significantly associated with male BMI (OR: 2.02) and female BMI (OR: 1.59), whereas the mother's BMI was significantly associated with female BMI only (OR: 0.514).
CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of overweight/obesity among the research population compared with previous studies in Iran could be related to the changing lifestyle of the population. The strong relationship with parental BMI was probably related to a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. Strategies to address childhood obesity should consider the interaction of these factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Fulltext Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its influencing factors among adolescent girls in Mashhad, Iran

Mirhosseini NZ, Yusoff NA, Shahar S, Parizadeh SM, Mobarhen MG, Shakery MT

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2009;18(1):131-6.
PMID: 19329406

Introduction: This study sought to determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, one of the major public-health challenges worldwide, and its influencing factors among 15 to 17 years old adolescent girls in Mashhad, Iran.
Methods: A total of 622 high school adolescents participated in a cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic characteristics and dietary habits. Anthropometric assessments, blood pressure measurement and biochemical assessment were done.
Results: Applying BMI Z-score for age and gender (WHO 2007), 14.6 % and 3.4 % of subjects were classified as overweight and obese, respectively. Enlarged WC (> 80 cm) was seen in 9.5% of subjects. The prevalence of combined hypertension was 6.1% which was increased by the severity of obesity. A total of 24.5% of subjects had hypertriglyceridemia and 57% of them had low level of HDL-cholesterol. Hyperglycemia was present in 16.7% of subjects. Based on the NCEP ATP III (2001) criteria, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 6.5% and increased to 45.1% in obese subjects. Increasing BMI or WC, led to significant increment in the number of metabolic syndrome features (p < 0.001). High socioeconomic status of family, medical history of parents and dietary habits especially high consumption of carbohydrates were influencing factors in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion: Approximately 6.5% of all and 45% of obese subjects met the criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Dietary habits especially carbohydrate consumption, socioeconomic status of family and medical history of parents can be influential factors in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Fulltext The Psychometric Properties of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) for Iranian Cancer Patients

Sharif Nia H, Rezapour M, Allen KA, Pahlevan Sharif S, Jafari A, Torkmandi H, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 09 01;20(9):2803-2809.
PMID: 31554380 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.9.2803

Objectives: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was specifically created to assess
depression in cancer patients. However, to date, the CES-D has not been validated in Farsi. Therefore, this study aimed to
assess the psychometric properties of the CES-D in Iranian cancer patients. Methods: During a three-month period
(October to December, 2015), a total of 380 cancer patients completed a Farsi version of the CES-D. The construct
validity of the scale was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha
and McDonald Omega. All of the statistical procedure were run by SPSS 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results:
The construct validity of the CES-D determined three factors (somatic affect, negative affect, and positive affect),
which explained 65.60% of the total variance. The internal consistency was greater than 0.70. Conclusion: Findings
revealed that the Farsi version of the CES-D has acceptable validity and reliability, which can be used to measure
depression in Iranian cancer patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Fulltext A time-series prediction model of acute myocardial infarction in northern of Iran: the risk of climate change and religious mourning

Sharif Nia H, Gorgulu O, Naghavi N, Froelicher ES, Fomani FK, Goudarzian AH, et al.

BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2021 11 23;21(1):563.
PMID: 34814834 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02372-0

BACKGROUND: Although various studies have been conducted on the effects of seasonal climate changes or emotional variables on the risk of AMI, many of them have limitations to determine the predictable model. The currents study is conducted to assess the effects of meteorological and emotional variables on the incidence and epidemiological occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Sari (capital of Mazandaran, Iran) during 2011-2018.
METHODS: In this study, a time series analysis was used to determine the variation of variables over time. All series were seasonally adjusted and Poisson regression analysis was performed. In the analysis of meteorological data and emotional distress due to religious mourning events, the best results were obtained by autoregressive moving average (ARMA) (5,5) model.
RESULTS: It was determined that average temperature, sunshine, and rain variables had a significant effect on death. A total of 2375 AMI's were enrolled. Average temperate (°C) and sunshine hours a day (h/day) had a statistically significant relationship with the number of AMI's (β = 0.011, P = 0.014). For every extra degree of temperature increase, the risk of AMI rose [OR = 1.011 (95%CI 1.00, 1.02)]. For every extra hour of sunshine, a day a statistically significant increase [OR = 1.02 (95% CI 1.01, 1.04)] in AMI risk occurred (β = 0.025, P = 0.001). Religious mourning events increase the risk of AMI 1.05 times more. The other independent variables have no significant effects on AMI's (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate that sunshine hours and the average temperature had a significant effect on the risk of AMI. Moreover, emotional distress due to religious morning events increases AMI. More specific research on this topic is recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Fulltext Dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer in Tehran Province: a case-control study

Safari A, Shariff ZM, Kandiah M, Rashidkhani B, Fereidooni F

BMC Public Health, 2013;13:222.
PMID: 23497250 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-222

Colorectal cancer is the third and fourth leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality among men and women, respectively in Iran. However, the role of dietary factors that could contribute to this high cancer incidence remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine major dietary patterns and its relationship with colorectal cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Disordered eating and its association with overweight and health-related quality of life among adolescents in selected high schools of Tehran

Jalali-Farahani S, Chin YS, Mohd Nasir MT, Amiri P

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev, 2015 Jun;46(3):485-92.
PMID: 25173517 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-014-0489-8

This study aimed to determine the association between disordered eating and overweight and also health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adolescents in high schools of Tehran. The participants were 465 adolescents, aged 14-17 years. After anthropometric measurements, body mass index-for-age and body weight status were determined using World Health Organization cut offs. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™4.0) were used to assess disordered eating and HRQOL, respectively. Disordered eating was prevalent in 18.9% of adolescents, with higher prevalence in girls (26.4%) compared to boys (11.8%; χ(2):16.29, p < 0.05). Disordered eating was associated with overweight in girls (χ(2) = 11.07, p < 0.05), but not in boys (χ(2) = 2.01, p = 0.16). Disordered eating was associated with poor HRQOL especially in psychosocial domains of HRQOL. Considering the high prevalence of disordered eating and its association with overweight and poor HRQOL, preventive interventions targeting adolescents are recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Body mass index (BMI)-for-age and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among high school students in Tehran

Jalali-Farahani S, Chin YS, Amiri P, Mohd Taib MN

Child Care Health Dev, 2014 Sep;40(5):731-9.
PMID: 23952615 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12103

The study aimed to determine the association between body mass index (BMI)-for-age and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among high school students in Tehran.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Are older people more vulnerable to long-term impacts of disasters?

Rafiey H, Momtaz YA, Alipour F, Khankeh H, Ahmadi S, Sabzi Khoshnami M, et al.

Clin Interv Aging, 2016;11:1791-1795.
PMID: 27994445

BACKGROUND: Despite the growing interest in the study of disasters, there is limited research addressing the elderly population that lead to prejudiced beliefs that older adults are more vulnerable to disasters than younger adults. This study aimed to compare positive mental health between elderly and young earthquake survivors.
METHOD: Data for this study, consisting of 324 earthquake survivors, were obtained from a population-based cross-sectional survey conducted in Iran, 2015. The long-term effect of earthquake was assessed using the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form questionnaire. A one-way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) using SPSS (version 22) was used in data analysis.
RESULTS: Older adults scored significantly a higher level of overall positive mental health (mean [M]=34.31, standard deviation [SD]=10.52) than younger age group (M=27.48, SD=10.56, t=-4.41; P<0.001). Results of MANCOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between older and young adults on the combined positive mental health subscales (F(3,317)=6.95; P<0.001), after controlling for marital status, sex, and employment status.
CONCLUSION: The present findings showing a higher level of positive mental health among elderly earthquake survivors compared with their younger counterparts in the wake of natural disasters suggest that advancing age per se does not contribute to increasing vulnerability.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Emerging HIV epidemics in Muslim countries: assessment of different cultural responses to harm reduction and implications for HIV control

Todd CS, Nassiramanesh B, Stanekzai MR, Kamarulzaman A

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 2007 Dec;4(4):151-7.
PMID: 18366945

Harm reduction, including needle exchange and opioid substitution therapy, has been demonstrated to reduce high-risk behavior and HIV infection among injection drug users. An increasing number of countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia, including those with Muslim majorities, have experienced or are at risk for HIV epidemics initiated by burgeoning injection drug use. Although use of intoxicants is expressly forbidden within Islam, the local culture impacts the interpretation of Islamic law and influences the response to drug misuse, whether punitive or therapeutic. Harm reduction programming has received varying acceptance within this global region, which may be reflected by national trends in HIV prevalence. The purpose of this paper is to examine cultural and religious response to injecting drug use and associated HIV prevalence trends in Malaysia and Iran, with possible application of lessons learned to an emerging situation in Afghanistan.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Spirituality Moderates Hopelessness, and Suicidal Ideation among Iranian Depressed Adolescents

Abdollahi A, Abu Talib M

Death Stud, 2015;39(10):579-83.
PMID: 25924082 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2015.1013163

To examine the moderating role of spirituality between hopelessness, spirituality, and suicidal ideation, 202 Iranian depressed adolescent inpatients completed measures of patient health, suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and core spiritual experience. Structural equation modelling indicated that depressed inpatients high in hopelessness, but also high in spirituality, had less suicidal ideation than others. These findings reinforce the importance of spirituality as a protective factor against hopelessness and suicidal ideation.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Fulltext Prevalence of the CYP2D6*10 (C100T), *4 (G1846A), and *14 (G1758A) alleles among Iranians of different ethnicities

Bagheri A, Kamalidehghan B, Haghshenas M, Azadfar P, Akbari L, Sangtarash MH, et al.

Drug Des Devel Ther, 2015;9:2627-34.
PMID: 25999696 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S79709

The presence of polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 gene may modulate enzyme level and activity, thereby affecting individual responses to pharmacological treatment. Here, we compared the prevalence of the CYP2D6*10, *4, and 14* alleles in an Iranian population of different ethnicities with those of other populations. Allele and genotype frequency distributions of CYP2D6*10 variants and predicted phenotypes including extensive metabolizers, intermediate metabolizers, and poor metabolizers were analysed in blood samples of 300 unrelated healthy individuals in an Iranian population using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism, and direct genomic DNA sequencing. The CYP2D6*4 (G1846A) and *14 (G1758A) allelic frequencies were not detected in different ethnicities, demonstrating the absence of a significant contribution of these alleles in Iranian populations. However, the T/T, C/T, and C/C genotype frequencies of the CYP2D6*10 allele were significantly different (P<0.01) in all Iranian ethnic groups. Additionally, the frequency of the homozygous T/T variant of the CYP2D6*10 allele was significantly high in the Lure (P<0.017) and low in the Kurd (P<0.002) ethnicities. The frequency of the T/T variant of the CYP2D6*10 allele in central Iran was the highest (P<0.001), while the south of Iran had the lowest frequency (P<0.001). The frequency of the C/T variant of the CYP2D6*10 allele was significantly a bit high (P<0.001) in females compare to males, while the frequencies of the T/T variant in females is similar to males, which are 24.4% and 24.3%, respectively. In contrast to absence of the CYP2D6*4 (G1846A) and *14 (G1758A) alleles in Iranian populations of different ethnicities, the prediction of the CYP2D6*10 allele is required in drug research and routine treatment, where the information would be helpful for clinicians to optimize therapy or identify persons at risk of adverse drug reactions before clinical trials. Approximately 39.3% of subjects (24.3% homozygous T/T CYP2D6*10 as poor metabolizers and 15% heterozygous C/T CYP2D6*10 as intermediate metabolizers) had this allele; therefore, the harmful effects of drugs are relatively common among Iranians.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
The role of socioeconomic status in the relationship between social support and burden among cancer caregivers

Nikbakht Nasrabadi A, Pahlevan Sharif S, Allen KA, Naghavi N, Sharif Nia H, Salisu WJ, et al.

Eur J Cancer Prev, 2022 Mar 01;31(2):198-203.
PMID: 33899748 DOI: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000683

While much research has focused on the direct impact of socioeconomic status on cancer patients, what is not clear is the impact of socioeconomic status on social support and the burden of care for caregivers. In this study, a cross-sectional method, using a convenience sampling approach, was adopted to collect the data of 191 caregivers of cancer patients who were referred to the oncology clinic and cancer institute of hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The participants completed a questionnaire on basic demographics, the short version of the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers, and Zimet Multidimensional Perceived Social Support. A maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis with oblique rotation to assess the factor structure of the constructs and the measurement model was conducted. The two-factor model consisting of 22 items explained 65.116% of the variance. There was a significant negative relationship between social support and burden (b = -0.771, P < 0.001) and also between economic status and burden (b = -0.308, P < 0.01). Moreover, there was a significant positive association between the interaction of social support and economic status and burden (b = 0.138, P < 0.05). More specifically, the negative relationship between social support and burden was statistically stronger for participants with weak economic status (b = -0.663, P < 0.001) than those with good economic status (b = -0.356, P < 0.01). Social support and an individual's economic status are essential determinants of caregiver burden. Further studies are recommended to better inform the precise support needed by caregivers to enhance their quality of life, and ultimately, that of the patients under their care.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Dermatoglyphic patterns on fingers and gynecological cancers

Abbasi S, Rasouli M

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2018 Mar;222:39-44.
PMID: 29353131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.10.020

OBJECTIVES: Fingerprints have so far been used for determining the basis of certain malignant diseases, with positive outcomes. Considering the high rates of cancer-related mortality in Iran, this study was conducted for the purpose of examining the dermatoglyphic pattern of fingers in patients with gynecological cancers as compared to healthy people.
STUDY DESIGN: The present study was conducted on 151 women with gynecological cancers as the case group and 152 healthy women with no history of such cancers as control group. The dematographic details of participants from both control and case groups were collected using a checklist, and the pattern of their fingerprints was prepared and examined. The data were analyzed for their significance using chi-square test and t- test. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
RESULTS: Dermatoglyphic analysis showed that arch and loop patterns significantly changed in cases group as compared to control. However, the odds ratio suggested that loop pattern in 6 or more fingers might be a risk factor for developing gynecological cancers.
CONCLUSION: Our results showed that there is an association between fingerprint patterns and gynecological cancers and so, dermatoglyphic analysis may aid in the early diagnosis of these cancers.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Fulltext Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Among the Iranian Public People During COVID-19 Pandemic

Sharif Nia H, Rahmatpour P, Sivarajan Froelicher E, Pahlevan Sharif S, Kaveh O, Rezazadeh Fazeli A, et al.

Front Public Health, 2021;9:728904.
PMID: 34970522 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.728904

Background: Several studies indicate a high prevalence of depression around the world during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a valid instrument to capture the depression of an individual in this situation is both important and timely. The present study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) among the public during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Method: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in the Iranian population (n = 600) from April to July 2020. A two-part online form was used: sociodemographic characteristics and depression items (CES-D). The construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the scale were evaluated. Result: The results of the exploratory factor analysis illustrated two factors with 43.35% of the total variance of the depression were explained. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that this model fits well. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated, and it was acceptable. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that, in the Iranian sample, this depression scale yielded two factors (somatic and positive affects) solutions with suitable psychometric properties.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Fulltext The influence of psycho-social factors on participation levels in community-based breast cancer prevention programs in Tehran, Iran

Ahmadian M, Samah AA, Redzuan M, Emby Z

Glob J Health Sci, 2012 Jan 01;4(1):42-56.
PMID: 22980116 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v4n1p42

BACKGROUND: Although significant consideration has been devoted to women participation in breast cancer prevention programs, our understanding about the psychosocial factors which influence participation remains incomplete.
METHOD: The study applied a quantitative approach based on the cross-sectional survey design and multistage cluster random sampling. A total of 400 women aged 35-69 years, were surveyed at 4 obstetric and gynecologic clinics affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran: the participation levels of 86 women who have had a mammogram were analyzed based on their self-efficacy, belief, social influence, and barriers concerning mammography utilization.
RESULTS: Consistent with the study framework, in bivariate analysis, the higher level of women's participation in breast cancer prevention programs was significantly related to more positive belief about mammography (p< .05), greater social influence on mammography (p< .01) and fewer barriers to mammography (p< .01). Self efficacy (p= .114) was not significantly related to the higher level of participation.
CONCLUSION: Results suggest that women's participation levels in breast cancer prevention programs might be associated with the specific psychosocial factors on breast cancer preventive behavior such as mammography screening.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
Fulltext The effect of methadone on depression among addicts: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mohammadi M, Kazeminia M, Abdoli N, Khaledipaveh B, Shohaimi S, Salari N, et al.

Health Qual Life Outcomes, 2020 Nov 23;18(1):373.
PMID: 33225933 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01599-3

BACKGROUND: Opioids addiction and misuse are among the major problems in the world today. There have been several preliminary studies examining the effect of methadone on depression among addicts, however, these studies have reported inconsistent and even contradictory results. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of methadone on depression in addicts in Iran and around the world, using a meta-analysis approach.
METHODS: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis including articles published in the SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched systematically to find articles published from 2006 to March 2019. Heterogeneity index was determined using the Cochran's test (Qc) and I2. Considering heterogeneity of studies, the random effects model was used to estimate the standardized difference of mean score for depression. Subsequently, the level of depression reduction in Iran and worldwide in the intervention group before and after the testwas measured.
RESULTS: A total of 19 articles met the inclusion criteria, and were therefore selected for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The sample size of the intervention group in the selected studies was 1948. According to the meta-analysis results, the mean depression score in the intervention group was 26.4 ± 5.6 and 18.4 ± 2.6 before and after intervention respectively, indicating the reducing effect of methadone on depression, and this difference was statistically significant (P

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology
The relation of preeclampsia and serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in mothers and their neonates: a case control study in Iran

Mohaghegh Z, Abedi P, Dilgouni T, Namvar F, Ruzafza S

Horm. Metab. Res., 2015 Apr;47(4):284-8.
PMID: 25611206 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1395607

The predisposing factors of preeclampsia may endanger the mother's heath as well as her neonate. One hypothesis related to preeclampsia is vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between preeclampsia and the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) in mothers and their neonates. In this case-control study, we recruited 41 preeclamptic and 50 healthy women from the Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. Venous blood (2 ml) from mothers (in time of labor) and 2 ml of blood from the umbilical cord were taken, centrifuged, stored at -30°C and sent to a laboratory for analysis of 25-OH-D by ELISA. Vitamin D levels<20 ng/ml were regarded as deficiency, levels between 21-29 ng/ml were regarded as insufficiency, and if levels were higher than 30 ng/ml, these were considered normal. Independent t-test, chi-square, Spearman correlation coefficient and logistic regression were used to analyze data. Mean levels of 25-OH-D were significantly lower in preeclamptic women (15.2±13.6 vs. 23.3±15.3 ng/ml, p=0.001) and in their neonates (15.2±13.1 vs. 21.6±12.6 ng/ml, p=0.01) compared to normal pregnant women and their neonates. There was a significant relationship between the levels of vitamin D in preeclamptic women with levels of this vitamin in their neonates (r=0.901, p=0.0001). 25-OH-D deficiency that exist in preeclamptic mothers, may be a health risk for their infants, therefore, early use of vitamin D supplement with higher dose than 400 IU in Iranian women is recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Iran/epidemiology

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