Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 36 in total

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  1. Analysis of pork adulteration in commercial meatballs targeting porcine-specific mitochondrial cytochrome b gene by TaqMan probe real-time polymerase chain reaction
    Ali ME, Hashim U, Mustafa S, Che Man YB, Dhahi TS, Kashif M, et al.
    Meat Sci, 2012 Aug;91(4):454-9.
    PMID: 22444666 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.02.031
    A test for assessing pork adulteration in meatballs, using TaqMan probe real-time polymerase chain reaction, was developed. The assay combined porcine-specific primers and TaqMan probe for the detection of a 109 bp fragment of porcine cytochrome b gene. Specificity test with 10 ng DNA of eleven different species yielded a threshold cycle (Ct) of 15.5 ± 0.20 for the pork and negative results for the others. Analysis of beef meatballs with spiked pork showed the assay can determine 100-0.01% contaminated pork with 102% PCR efficiency, high linear regression (r(2) = 0.994) and ≤ 6% relative errors. Residuals analysis revealed a high precision in all determinations. Random analysis of commercial meatballs from pork, beef, chicken, mutton and goat, yielded a Ct between 15.89 ± 0.16 and 16.37 ± 0.22 from pork meatballs and negative results from the others, showing the suitability of the assay to determine pork in commercial meatballs with a high accuracy and precision.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics*
  2. Fulltext Sequence analysis on the mitochondrial COXI gene of recent clinical isolates of Plasmodium knowlesi in Klang Valley, peninsular Malaysia
    Fong MY, Lau YL, Chin LC, Al-Mekhlafi AM
    Trop Biomed, 2011 Aug;28(2):457-63.
    PMID: 22041769
    The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COXI) gene sequences of three recent (2007-2008) clinical Plasmodium knowlesi isolates from Klang Valley, peninsular Malaysia, were determined and compared with those of older (1960's) peninsular Malaysia, recent isolates from Sarawak (on Borneo Island), and an isolate from Thailand. Multiple alignment of the sequences showed that the three clinical isolates were more similar to the older peninsular Malaysia isolates than to those from Sarawak and Thailand. Phylogenetic tree based on the COXI sequences revealed three distinct clusters of P. knowlesi. The first cluster consisted of isolates from peninsular Malaysia, the second consisted of Sarawak isolates and the third composed of the Thailand isolate. The findings of this study highlight the usefulness of mitochondrial COXI gene as a suitable marker for phylogeographic studies of P. knowlesi.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics*
  3. Universal mitochondrial 16s rRNA biomarker for mini-barcode to identify fish species in Malaysian fish products
    Hossain MAM, Uddin SMK, Chowdhury ZZ, Sultana S, Johan MR, Rohman A, et al.
    Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2019 Apr;36(4):493-506.
    PMID: 30865559 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1580389
    Mislabelling in fish products is a highly significant emerging issue in world fish trade in terms of health and economic concerns. DNA barcoding is an efficient sequencing-based tool for detecting fish species substitution but due to DNA degradation, it is in many cases difficult to amplify PCR products of the full-length barcode marker (~650 bp), especially in severely processed products. In the present study, a pair of universal primers targeting a 198 bp sequence of the mitochondrial 16s rRNA gene was designed for identification of fish species in the processed fish products commonly consumed in Malaysia. The specificity of the universal primers was tested by both in-silico studies using bioinformatics software and through cross-reaction assessment by practical PCR experiments against the DNA from 38 fish species and 22 other non-target species (animals and plants) and found to be specific for all the tested fish species. To eliminate the possibility of any false-negative detection, eukaryotic endogenous control was used during specificity evaluation. The developed primer set was validated with various heat-treated (boiled, autoclaved and microwaved) fish samples and was found to show high stability under all processing conditions. The newly developed marker successfully identified 92% of the tested commercial fish products with 96-100% sequence similarities. This study reveals a considerable degree of species mislabelling (20.8%); 5 out of 24 fish products were found to be mislabelled. The new marker developed in this work is a reliable tool to identify fish species even in highly processed products and might be useful in detecting fish species substitution thus protecting consumers' health and economic interests.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics*
  4. Signatures of purifying selection and site-specific positive selection on the mitochondrial DNA of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)
    Bahbahani H, Al-Zoubi S, Ali F, Afana A, Dashti M, Al-Ateeqi A, et al.
    Mitochondrion, 2023 Mar;69:36-42.
    PMID: 36690316 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.01.004
    The two species of the Old World Camelini tribe, dromedary and Bactrian camels, show superior adaptability to the different environmental conditions they populate, e.g. desert, mountains and coastal areas, which might be associated with adaptive variations on their mitochondrial DNA. Here, we investigate signatures of natural selection in the 13-mitochondrial protein-coding genes of different dromedary camel populations from the Arabian Peninsula, Africa and southwest Asia. The full mitogenome sequences of 42 dromedaries, 38 domestic Bactrian, 29 wild Bactrian camels and 31 samples representing the New World Lamini tribe reveal species-wise genetic distinction among Camelidae family species, with no evidence of geographic distinction among dromedary camels. We observe gene-wide signals of adaptive divergence between the Old World and New World camels, with evidence of purifying selection among Old World camel species. Upon comparing the different Camelidae tribes, 27 amino acid substitutions across ten mtDNA protein-coding genes were found to be under positive selection, in which, 24 codons were defined to be under positive adaptive divergence between Old World and New World camels. Seven codons belonging to three genes demonstrated positive selection in dromedary lineage. A total of 89 codons were found to be under positive selection in Camelidae family based on investigating the impact of amino acid replacement on the physiochemical properties of proteins, including equilibrium constant and surrounding hydrophobicity. These mtDNA variants under positive selection in the Camelidae family might be associated with their adaptation to their contrasting environments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics
  5. Activation of death receptor, DR5 and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by a 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyloxy derivative in wild-type and p53 mutant colorectal cancer cell lines
    Chan ZCK, Leong KH, Kareem HS, Norazit A, Noor SM, Ariffin A
    Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2020 03;393(3):405-417.
    PMID: 31641820 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01730-2
    The rationale of designing compounds containing a (3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyloxy) phenyl moiety is largely due to its potential antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. A previous study focused on its antioxidant mechanism, whereas in this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of a series of 28 analogues and the mechanism of apoptosis of the most cytotoxic compound against wild-type (HCT-116) and p53 mutant (HT-29) colorectal cancer cell lines. The series of analogues comprise of different families, namely hydrazone, oxadiazole, thiosemicarbazides and triazoles. In the initial cytotoxicity screening, N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyloxy) benzohydrazide, henceforth known as, P5H, was found to be most cytotoxic against human colorectal cancer cell lines (IC50 for HCT-116 = 11.79 μM and HT-29 = 18.52 μM). Additionally, P5H was found to have some degree of selectivity towards cancer cells compared to normal human colon cells (CCD-112 CoN). Subsequent investigation had brought insight on P5H ability to induce apoptosis in both HCT-116 and HT-29 cell lines. Cell cycle analysis showed both cell lines were arrested at the G2/M phase upon treatment. Our study concluded that P5H induced the death receptor, DR5 in HCT-116 and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway in HT-29. Therefore, P5H may be a promising candidate as a chemotherapy agent against colon cancer. Graphical abstract The apoptotic pathways induced in HT-29 and HCT-116 cells upon P5H treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics
  6. Piperazine clubbed with 2-azetidinone derivatives suppresses proliferation, migration and induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer HeLa cells through oxidative stress mediated intrinsic mitochondrial pathway
    Khanam R, Kumar R, Hejazi II, Shahabuddin S, Meena R, Jayant V, et al.
    Apoptosis, 2018 02;23(2):113-131.
    PMID: 29349707 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1439-x
    Piperazine scaffolds or 2-azetidinone pharmacophores have been reported to show anti-cancer activities and apoptosis induction in different types of cancer cells. However, the mechanistic studies involve in induction of apoptosis addressing these two moieties for human cervical cancer cells remain uncertain. The present study emphasizes on the anti-proliferating properties and mechanism involved in induction of apoptosis for these structurally related azoles derivatives in HeLa cancer cells. 1-Phenylpiperazine clubbed with 2-azetidione derivatives (5a-5h) were synthesized, characterized using various spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for their in-vitro anti-proliferative activities and induction of apoptosis. Further, we also evaluated oxidative stress generated by these synthetic derivatives (5a-5h). Cell viability studies revealed that among all, the compound N-(3-chloro-2-(3-nitrophenyl)-4-oxoazetidin-1-yl)-2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl) acetamide 5e remarkably inhibited the growth of HeLa cells in a concentration dependent manner having IC50 value of 29.44 ± 1.46 µg/ml. Morphological changes, colonies suppression and inhibition of migration clearly showed the antineoplasicity in HeLa cells treated with 5e. Simultaneously, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation and cell-cycle arrest showed ongoing apoptosis in the HeLa cancer cells induced by compound 5e in concentration dependent manner. Additionally, generation of intracellular ROS along with the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential supported that compound 5e caused oxidative stress resulting in apoptosis through mitochondria mediated pathway. Elevation in the level of cytochrome c and upregulation in expression of caspase-3 clearly indicated the involvement of the intrinsic pathway of programmed cell death. In brief; compound 5e could serve as a promising lead for the development of an effective antitumor agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics
  7. The complete mitogenome of the Morton Bay bug Thenus orientalis (Lund, 1793) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae) from a cooked sample and a new mitogenome order for the Decapoda
    Tan MH, Gan HM, Lee YP, Austin CM
    Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal, 2016;27(2):1277-8.
    PMID: 25103440 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.945554
    The mitochondrial genome sequence of the Morton Bay bug, Thenus orientalis, is documented, which makes it the second mitogenome for species of the family Scyllaridae and the ninth for members of the superfamily Palinuroidae. Thenus orientalis has a mitogenome of 16,826 base pairs consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal subunit genes, 23 transfer RNAs, and a non-coding AT-rich region. The base composition of the T. orientalis mitogenome is 31.31% for T, 23.77% for C, 31.05% for A, and 13.87% for G, with an AT bias of 62.36%. In addition to a duplicated trnS1 and several other tRNA gene rearrangements, the mitogenome gene order has novel protein coding gene order with the nad6 and cob genes translocated as a block to a location downstream of the nad3 gene.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics
  8. The complete mitogenome of the swimming crab Thalamita crenata (Rüppell, 1830) (Crustacea; Decapoda; Portunidae)
    Tan MH, Gan HM, Lee YP, Austin CM
    Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal, 2016;27(2):1275-6.
    PMID: 25090400 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.945553
    The complete mitochondrial genome of the swimming crab Thalamita crenata was obtained from a partial genome scan using the MiSeq sequencing system. The Thalamita crenata mitogenome has 15,787 base pairs (70% A+T content) made up of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal subunit genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a putative 897 bp non-coding AT-rich region. This Thalamita mitogenome sequence is the first for the genus and the eighth for the family Portunidae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics
  9. Fulltext Comparative mitogenomics of the Decapoda reveals evolutionary heterogeneity in architecture and composition
    Tan MH, Gan HM, Lee YP, Bracken-Grissom H, Chan TY, Miller AD, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2019 Jul 24;9(1):10756.
    PMID: 31341205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47145-0
    The emergence of cost-effective and rapid sequencing approaches has resulted in an exponential rise in the number of mitogenomes on public databases in recent years, providing greater opportunity for undertaking large-scale comparative genomic and systematic research. Nonetheless, current datasets predominately come from small and disconnected studies on a limited number of related species, introducing sampling biases and impeding research of broad taxonomic relevance. This study contributes 21 crustacean mitogenomes from several under-represented decapod infraorders including Polychelida and Stenopodidea, which are used in combination with 225 mitogenomes available on NCBI to investigate decapod mitogenome diversity and phylogeny. An overview of mitochondrial gene orders (MGOs) reveals a high level of genomic variability within the Decapoda, with a large number of MGOs deviating from the ancestral arthropod ground pattern and unevenly distributed among infraorders. Despite the substantial morphological and ecological variation among decapods, there was limited evidence for correlations between gene rearrangement events and species ecology or lineage specific nucleotide substitution rates. Within a phylogenetic context, predicted scenarios of rearrangements show some MGOs to be informative synapomorphies for some taxonomic groups providing strong independent support for phylogenetic relationships. Additional comparisons for a range of mitogenomic features including nucleotide composition, strand asymmetry, unassigned regions and codon usage indicate several clade-specific trends that are of evolutionary and ecological interest.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics*
  10. Fulltext Emerging pathways to neurodegeneration: Dissecting the critical molecular mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease
    Tan SH, Karri V, Tay NWR, Chang KH, Ah HY, Ng PQ, et al.
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2019 Mar;111:765-777.
    PMID: 30612001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.101
    Neurodegenerative diseases are usually sporadic in nature and commonly influenced by a wide range of genetic, life style and environmental factors. A unifying feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is the abnormal accumulation and processing of mutant or damaged intra and extracellular proteins; this leads to neuronal vulnerability and dysfunction in the brain. Through a detailed review of ubiquitin proteasome, mRNA splicing, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress pathway interrelation on neurodegeneration can improve the understanding of the disease mechanism. The identified pathways common to AD and PD nominate promising new targets for further studies, and as well as biomarkers. These insights suggested would likely provide major stimuli for developing unified treatment approaches to combat neurodegeneration. More broadly, pathways can serve as vehicles for integrating findings from diverse studies of neurodegeneration. The evidence examined in this review provides a brief overview of the current literature on significant pathways in promoting in AD, PD. Additionally, these insights suggest that biomarkers and treatment strategies may require simultaneous targeting of multiple components.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics
  11. Mitochondria and diabetes: insights and potential therapies
    Moorthy R, Bhattamisra SK, Pandey M, Mayuren J, Kow CS, Candasamy M
    Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab, 2024 Mar;19(2):141-154.
    PMID: 38347803 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2024.2307526
    INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) presents significant global health and economic challenges, contributing to complications such as stroke, cardiovascular disease, kidney dysfunction, and cancer. The current review explores the crucial role of mitochondria, essential for fuel metabolism, in diabetes-related processes.

    AREAS COVERED: Mitochondrial deficits impact insulin-resistant skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, liver, and pancreatic β-cells, affecting glucose and lipid balance. Exercise emerges as a key factor in enhancing mitochondrial function, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial uncoupling, which generates heat instead of ATP, is discussed. We explore the intricate link between mitochondrial function and diabetes, investigating genetic interventions to mitigate diabetes-related complications. We also cover the impact of insulin deficiency on mitochondrial function, the role of exercise in addressing mitochondrial defects in insulin resistance, and the potential of mitochondrial uncoupling. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of Mitochondrial Replacement Therapies (MRT) techniques is presented.

    EXPERT OPINION: MRTs hold promise in preventing the transmission of mitochondrial disease. However, addressing ethical, regulatory, and technical considerations is crucial. Integrating mitochondrial-based treatments requires a careful balance between innovation and safety. Ethical dimensions and regulatory aspects of MRT are examined, emphasizing collaborative efforts for the responsible advancement of human health.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics
  12. Lauric acid alleviates insulin resistance by improving mitochondrial biogenesis in THP-1 macrophages
    Tham YY, Choo QC, Muhammad TST, Chew CH
    Mol Biol Rep, 2020 Dec;47(12):9595-9607.
    PMID: 33259010 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06019-9
    Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the central pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Macrophages play important roles in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Lauric acid is a 12-carbon medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) found abundantly in coconut oil or palm kernel oil and it comes with multiple beneficial effects. This research objective was to uncover the effects of the lauric acid on glucose uptake, mitochondrial function and mitochondrial biogenesis in insulin-resistant macrophages. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages and induce insulin resistance, before they were treated with increasing doses of lauric acid (5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM, and 50 μM). Glucose uptake assay, cellular ROS and ATP production assays, mitochondrial content and membrane potential assay were carried out to analyse the effects of lauric acid on insulin resistance and mitochondrial biogenesis in the macrophages. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were also performed to determine the expression of the key regulators. Insulin-resistant macrophages showed lower glucose uptake, GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 expression, and increased hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, lauric acid treatment upregulated glucose uptake, GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 expressions. The treatment also restored the mitochondrial biogenesis in the insulin-resistant macrophages by improving ATP production, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial content and potential, while it promoted the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis regulator genes such as TFAM, PGC-1α and PPAR-γ. We show here that lauric acid has the potential to improve insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial dysregulation in insulin-resistant macrophages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics
  13. Sequencing and characterization of complete mitogenome DNA of Rasbora tornieri (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae: Rasbora) and its evolutionary significance
    Chung HH, Anak Kamar CK, Kit Lim LW, Roja JS, Liao Y, Tsan-Yuk Lam T, et al.
    J Genet, 2020;99.
    PMID: 32893838
    The yellowtail rasbora (Rasbora tornieri) is a miniature ray-finned fish categorized under the genus Rasbora in the family of Cyprinidae. In this study, a complete mitogenome sequence of R. tornieri was sequenced using four primers targeting two halves of the mitogenome with overlapping flanking regions. The size of mitogenome was 16,573 bp, housing 22 transfer RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and a putative control region. Identical gene organization was detected between this species and other members of Rasbora genus. The heavy strand encompassed 28 genes while the light strand accommodated the other nine genes. Most protein-coding genes execute ATG as start codon, excluding COI and ND3 genes, which utilized GTG instead. The central conserved sequence blocks (CSB-E, CSB-F and CSB-D), variable sequence blocks (CSB-1, CSB-3 and CSB-2) as well as the terminal associated sequence (TAS) were conserved within the control region. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic family tree revealed the divergence of R. tornieri from the basal region of the Rasbora clade, where its evolutionary relationships with other Rasbora members are poorly resolved as indicated by the low bootstrap values. This work acts as window for further population genetics and molecular evolution studies of Rasbora genus in future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics*
  14. Fulltext Mitochondrial DNA alterations may influence the cisplatin responsiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma
    Aminuddin A, Ng PY, Leong CO, Chua EW
    Sci Rep, 2020 May 12;10(1):7885.
    PMID: 32398775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64664-3
    Cisplatin is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the intrinsic or acquired resistance against cisplatin remains a major obstacle to treatment efficacy in OSCC. Recently, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations have been reported in a variety of cancers. However, the role of mtDNA alterations in OSCC has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between mtDNA alterations (mtDNA content, point mutations, large-scale deletions, and methylation status) and cisplatin sensitivity using two OSCC cell lines, namely SAS and H103, and stem cell-like tumour spheres derived from SAS. By microarray analysis, we found that the tumour spheres profited from aberrant lipid and glucose metabolism and became resistant to cisplatin. By qPCR analysis, we found that the cells with less mtDNA were less responsive to cisplatin (H103 and the tumour spheres). Based on the findings, we theorised that the metabolic changes in the tumour spheres probably resulted in mtDNA depletion, as the cells suppressed mitochondrial respiration and switched to an alternative mode of energy production, i.e. glycolysis. Then, to ascertain the origin of the variation in mtDNA content, we used MinION, a nanopore sequencer, to sequence the mitochondrial genomes of H103, SAS, and the tumour spheres. We found that the lower cisplatin sensitivity of H103 could have been caused by a constellation of genetic and epigenetic changes in its mitochondrial genome. Future work may look into how changes in mtDNA translate into an impact on cell function and therefore cisplatin response.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics
  15. Fulltext Effects of a sex-ratio distorting endosymbiont on mtDNA variation in a global insect pest
    Delgado AM, Cook JM
    BMC Evol. Biol., 2009;9:49.
    PMID: 19257899 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-49
    Patterns of mtDNA variation within a species reflect long-term population structure, but may also be influenced by maternally inherited endosymbionts, such as Wolbachia. These bacteria often alter host reproductive biology and can drive particular mtDNA haplotypes through populations. We investigated the impacts of Wolbachia infection and geography on mtDNA variation in the diamondback moth, a major global pest whose geographic distribution reflects both natural processes and transport via human agricultural activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics
  16. Fulltext First molecular data and the phylogenetic position of the millipede-like centipede Edentistoma octosulcatum Tömösváry, 1882 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)
    Vahtera V, Edgecombe GD
    PLoS One, 2014;9(11):e112461.
    PMID: 25389773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112461
    Edentistoma octosulcatum Tömösváry, 1882, is a rare, superficially millipede-like centipede known only from Borneo and the Philippines. It is unique within the order Scolopendromorpha for its slow gait, robust tergites, and highly modified gizzard and mandible morphology. Not much is known about the biology of the species but it has been speculated to be arboreal with a possibly vegetarian diet. Until now its phylogenetic position within the subfamily Otostigminae has been based only on morphological characters, being variably ranked as a monotypic tribe (Arrhabdotini) or classified with the Southeast Asian genus Sterropristes Attems, 1934. The first molecular data for E. octosulcatum sourced from a newly collected specimen from Sarawak were analysed with and without morphology. Parsimony analysis of 122 morphological characters together with two nuclear and two mitochondrial loci resolves Edentistoma as sister group to three Indo-Australian species of Rhysida, this clade in turn grouping with Ethmostigmus, whereas maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses of the molecular data on their own ally Edentistoma with species of Otostigmus. A position of Edentistoma within Otostigmini (rather than being its sister group as predicted by the Arrhabdotini hypothesis) is consistently retrieved under different analytical conditions, but support values within the subfamily remain low for most nodes. The species exhibits strong pushing behaviour, suggestive of burrowing habits. Evidence against a suggested vegetarian diet is provided by observation of E. octosulcatum feeding on millipedes in the genus Trachelomegalus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics
  17. The complete mitogenome of the endangered freshwater crayfish Cherax tenuimanus (Smith 1912) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae)
    Austin CM, Tan MH, Gan HY, Gan HM
    Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal, 2016 11;27(6):4176-4177.
    PMID: 25630729
    Next-Gen sequencing was used to recover the complete mitochondrial genome of Cherax tenuimanus. The mitogenome consists of 15,797 base pairs (68.14% A + T content) containing 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal subunit genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a 779 bp non-coding AT-rich region. Mitogenomes have now been recovered for all six species of Cherax native to Western Australia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics*
  18. Improving the phylogenetic resolution of Malaysian and Javan mahseer (Cyprinidae), Tor tambroides and Tor tambra: Whole mitogenomes sequencing, phylogeny and potential mitogenome markers
    Lim LWK, Chung HH, Lau MML, Aziz F, Gan HM
    Gene, 2021 Jul 30;791:145708.
    PMID: 33984441 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145708
    The true mahseer (Tor spp.) is one of the highest valued fish in the world due to its high nutritional value and great unique taste. Nevertheless, its morphological characterization and single mitochondrial gene phylogeny in the past had yet to resolve the ambiguity in its taxonomical classification. In this study, we sequenced and assembled 11 complete mahseer mitogenomes collected from Java of Indonesia, Pahang and Terengganu of Peninsular Malaysia as well as Sarawak of East Malaysia. The mitogenome evolutionary relationships among closely related Tor spp. samples were investigated based on maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree construction. Compared to the commonly used COX1 gene fragment, the complete COX1, Cytb, ND2, ND4 and ND5 genes appear to be better phylogenetic markers for genetic differentiation at the population level. In addition, a total of six population-specific mitolineage haplotypes were identified among the mahseer samples analyzed, which this offers hints towards its taxonomical landscape.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics
  19. Fulltext Bi-allelic LETM1 variants perturb mitochondrial ion homeostasis leading to a clinical spectrum with predominant nervous system involvement
    Kaiyrzhanov R, Mohammed SEM, Maroofian R, Husain RA, Catania A, Torraco A, et al.
    Am J Hum Genet, 2022 Sep 01;109(9):1692-1712.
    PMID: 36055214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.07.007
    Leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1) encodes an inner mitochondrial membrane protein with an osmoregulatory function controlling mitochondrial volume and ion homeostasis. The putative association of LETM1 with a human disease was initially suggested in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, a disorder that results from de novo monoallelic deletion of chromosome 4p16.3, a region encompassing LETM1. Utilizing exome sequencing and international gene-matching efforts, we have identified 18 affected individuals from 11 unrelated families harboring ultra-rare bi-allelic missense and loss-of-function LETM1 variants and clinical presentations highly suggestive of mitochondrial disease. These manifested as a spectrum of predominantly infantile-onset (14/18, 78%) and variably progressive neurological, metabolic, and dysmorphic symptoms, plus multiple organ dysfunction associated with neurodegeneration. The common features included respiratory chain complex deficiencies (100%), global developmental delay (94%), optic atrophy (83%), sensorineural hearing loss (78%), and cerebellar ataxia (78%) followed by epilepsy (67%), spasticity (53%), and myopathy (50%). Other features included bilateral cataracts (42%), cardiomyopathy (36%), and diabetes (27%). To better understand the pathogenic mechanism of the identified LETM1 variants, we performed biochemical and morphological studies on mitochondrial K+/H+ exchange activity, proteins, and shape in proband-derived fibroblasts and muscles and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is an important model organism for mitochondrial osmotic regulation. Our results demonstrate that bi-allelic LETM1 variants are associated with defective mitochondrial K+ efflux, swollen mitochondrial matrix structures, and loss of important mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation protein components, thus highlighting the implication of perturbed mitochondrial osmoregulation caused by LETM1 variants in neurological and mitochondrial pathologies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics
  20. Somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in different grades of glioma
    Soon BH, Abu N, Abdul Murad NA, Then SM, Abu Bakar A, Fadzil F, et al.
    Per Med, 2022 01;19(1):25-39.
    PMID: 34873928 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2021-0033
    Aim: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations play an important role in the multistep processes of cancer development. Gliomas are among the most diagnosed brain cancer. The relationship between mtDNA alterations and different grades of gliomas are still elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the profile of somatic mtDNA mutations in different grades of gliomas and correlate it with clinical phenotype. Materials & methods: Forty histopathologically confirmed glioma tissue samples and their matched blood were collected and subjected for mtDNA sequencing. Results & conclusion: About 75% of the gliomas harbored at least one somatic mutation in the mtDNA gene, and 45% of these mutations were pathogenic. Mutations were scattered across the mtDNA genome, and the commonest nonsynonymous mutations were located at complex I and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. These findings may have implication for future research to determine the mitochondrial energetics and its downstream metabolomics on gliomas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria/genetics
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