MyMedR

"Ante-natal diagnosis of central nervous system malformations"

Yew CW

Med J Malaysia, 1977 Mar;31(3):232-5.

PMID: 904518

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System/abnormalities*

'Non-criteria' neurologic manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome: a hidden kingdom to be discovered

Islam MA, Alam F, Kamal MA, Wong KK, Sasongko TH, Gan SH

CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets, 2016;15(10):1253-1265.

PMID: 27658514 DOI: 10.2174/1871527315666160920122750

Neurological manifestations or disorders associated with the central nervous system are among the most common and important clinical characteristics of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Although in the most recently updated (2006) APS classification criteria, the neurological manifestations encompass only transient ischemic attack and stroke, diverse 'non-criteria' neurological disorders or manifestations (i.e., headache, migraine, bipolar disorder, transverse myelitis, dementia, chorea, epileptic seizures, multiple sclerosis, psychosis, cognitive impairment, Tourette's syndrome, parkinsonism, dystonia, transient global amnesia, obsessive compulsive disorder and leukoencephalopathy) have been observed in APS patients. To date, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these abnormal neurological manifestations in APS remain unclear. In vivo experiments and human observational studies indicate the involvement of thrombotic events and/or high titers of antiphospholipid antibodies in the neuro-pathogenic cascade of APS. Although different types of neurologic manifestations in APS patients have successfully been treated with therapies involving anti-thrombotic regimens (i.e., anticoagulants and/or platelet antiaggregants), antineuralgic drugs (i.e., antidepressants, antipsychotics and antiepileptics) and immunosuppressive drugs alone or in combination, evidence-based guidelines for the management of the neurologic manifestations of APS remain unavailable. Therefore, further experimental, clinical and retrospective studies with larger patient cohorts are warranted to elucidate the pathogenic linkage between APS and the central nervous system in addition to randomized controlled trials to facilitate the discovery of appropriate medications for the 'non-criteria' neurologic manifestations of APS.

Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/etiology*; Nervous System Diseases/metabolism*

Fulltext A Case of Post-Stroke Mania

Koh, O.H., Azreen Hashim, N., Gill, J.S., Pillai, S.K.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2010;19(1):1-5.

MyJurnal

It has been long known that affective disorders as a result of organic brain diseases are not uncommon. Neurological disorders seem to be significant as risk factors for newly diagnosed mania in the elderly. It has been theorized that lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere and limbic structures may produce symptoms suggestive of mania. Even though specific areas of involvement had not been determined, this case discussed below clearly reports a right sided lesion. One of the reasons why not much is known yet about this clinical entity is the rarity of this occurrence. In fact, in one large scale study, only 2 patients out of 700 were identified with mania.

Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases

Fulltext A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Most Efficacious Dose of Botulinum Toxin-A for Sialorrhea Treatment in Asian Adults with Neurological Diseases

Mazlan M, Rajasegaran S, Engkasan JP, Nawawi O, Goh KJ, Freddy SJ

Toxins (Basel), 2015 Sep;7(9):3758-70.

PMID: 26402703 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7093758

This study aims to determine the most efficacious dose of Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) in reducing sialorrhea in Asian adults with neurological diseases. A prospective, double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted over 24 weeks. Thirty patients with significant sialorrhea were randomly assigned to receive a BoNT-A (Dysport(®)) injection into the submandibular and the parotid glands bilaterally via an ultrasound guidance. The total dose given per patient was either BoNT-A injection of (i) 50 U; (ii) 100 U; or (iii) 200 U. The primary outcome was the amount of saliva reduction, measured by the differential weight (wet versus dry) of intraoral dental gauze at baseline and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after injection. The secondary outcome was the subjective report of drooling using the Drooling Frequency and Severity Scale (DFS). Saliva reduction was observed in response to all BoNT-A doses in 17 patients who completed the assessments. Although no statistically significant difference among the doses was found, the measured reduction was greater in groups that received higher doses (100 U and 200 U). The group receiving 200 U of Dysport(®) showed the greatest reduction of saliva until 24 weeks and reported the most significant improvement in the DFS score.

Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy*

Fulltext A New Association Of Guillain Barre Syndrome In A Patient With Central Nervous System Melioidosis

Koh EJ, Tan KN, Chan ZW, Candice Wong HY, Chin ML, Lee TC

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad, 2023;35(2):334-336.

PMID: 37422834 DOI: 10.55519/JAMC-02-11470

Burkholderia pseudomallei affecting the central nervous system has been extensively reported in the literature. However, combined central nervous system and peripheral nervous system involvement in melioidosis has never been reported. We report a 66-year-old man with diabetes mellitus who was diagnosed to have central nervous system melioidosis and developed acute flaccid quadriplegia. Nerve conduction studies and anti-ganglioside antibodies were consistent with Guillain-Barre syndrome. This case report highlights the importance to recognise the possibility of Guillain Barre syndrome complicating central nervous system melioidosis and stresses the urgency of early consideration of this complication, as early immunomodulatory therapy may hasten neurological recovery.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System

A Novel Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique using Multi-Period-Multi-Experiment of MRM-EPI-MRM3 with Library Matching for Simultaneous Determination of Amphetamine Type Stimulants Related Drugs in Whole Blood, Urine and Dried Blood Stain (DBS)-Application to Forensic Toxicology Cases in Malaysia

Zubaidi FA, Choo YM, Tan GH, Hamid HA, Choy YK

J Anal Toxicol, 2019 Aug 23;43(7):528-535.

PMID: 31141150 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz017

A novel mass spectrometry detection technique based on a multi-period and multi- experiment (MRM-EPI-MRM3) with library matching in a single run for fast and rapid screening and identification of amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) related drugs in whole blood, urine and dried blood stain was developed and validated. The ATS-related drugs analyzed in this study include ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), MDA (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine), MDEA (3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine) and phentermine. The relative standard deviation for inter and intraday was less than 15% while recoveries ranged from 80% to 120% for all three matrices, i.e., whole blood, urine and dried blood stain. All compounds gave library matching percentage of more than 85% based on the purity. This method was proven to be simple and robust, and provide high confident results complemented with library matching confirmation.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Stimulants

A Rare Case of an Infant with Left Hemiparesis: A Case Report of Bilateral Open-lip Schizencephaly

Siti BC, Zulkifli MM, Mohd Yusoff SS, Muhamad R, Ahmad TM

Malays Fam Physician, 2020;15(3):90-94.

PMID: 33329869

Schizencephaly is a very rare congenital birth defect. It is characterized by a cortical brain malformation that manifests as a grey-matter-lined cleft extending from the ependyma to the pia mater. It is a rare condition, and few cases have been reported in the literature. The exact cause is unknown. Herein, we report a case of an infant presenting with left side hemiparesis. The CT scan of her brain revealed right fronto-temporal and left parieto-temporal open-lip schizencephaly; thus, urgent referral to a pediatric neurologist was made for early intervention.

Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Malformations

A Rare but Disabling Stroke

Lau KF, Tan KS, Goh KJ, Ramli N, Tai SM

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2019 Mar;48(3):109-111.

PMID: 30997481

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations/complications

Fulltext A call for a global COVID-19 Neuro Research Coalition

Winkler AS, Knauss S, Schmutzhard E, Leonardi M, Padovani A, Abd-Allah F, et al.

Lancet Neurol, 2020 06;19(6):482-484.

PMID: 32470416 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30150-2

Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/therapy; Nervous System Diseases/virology*

Fulltext A case of persistent hyponatraemia due to reset osmostat

Rohana AG, Norasyikin AW, Suehazlyn Z, Ming W, Norlela S, Norazmi MK

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61(5):638-40.

PMID: 17623970 MyJurnal

We report a case of a 65 year old Malay lady with long-standing diabetes mellitus, who presented to our institution with a one month history of worsening neck pain and progressive upper and lower limb weakness. She was stable despite severe hyponatraemia which was initially treated as syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH). This was consistent with her underlying illness which was concluded as cervical tuberculosis (TB) with spinal cord compression. She underwent decompression and bone grafting. Despite continuous treatment her serum sodium levels remained low. There were no other problems with her adrenals or thyroid. A water loading and hypertonic saline perfusion test was performed and supported the diagnosis of reset osmostat. Her serum sodium remained below the normal range and she was discharged well.

Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System/surgery*

Fulltext A case report of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour in a 9-year-old girl

Chan KH, Mohammed Haspani MS, Tan YC, Kassim F

Malays J Med Sci, 2011 Jul;18(3):82-6.

PMID: 22135607 MyJurnal

Primary central nervous system atypical rhabdoid/teratoid tumour (ATRT) is a rare and highly malignant tumour that tends to occur in infancy and early childhood. The majority of tumours (approximately two-third) arise in the posterior fossa. The optimal treatment for ATRT remains unclear. Options of treatment include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Each of their role is still not clearly defined until now. The prognosis of the disease is generally unfavourable. This is a case report of ATRT in an atypical site in a 9-year-old girl.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms

A hybrid method for classifying cognitive states from fMRI data

Parida S, Dehuri S, Cho SB, Cacha LA, Poznanski RR

J Integr Neurosci, 2015 Sep;14(3):355-68.

PMID: 26455882 DOI: 10.1142/S0219635215500223

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) makes it possible to detect brain activities in order to elucidate cognitive-states. The complex nature of fMRI data requires under-standing of the analyses applied to produce possible avenues for developing models of cognitive state classification and improving brain activity prediction. While many models of classification task of fMRI data analysis have been developed, in this paper, we present a novel hybrid technique through combining the best attributes of genetic algorithms (GAs) and ensemble decision tree technique that consistently outperforms all other methods which are being used for cognitive-state classification. Specifically, this paper illustrates the combined effort of decision-trees ensemble and GAs for feature selection through an extensive simulation study and discusses the classification performance with respect to fMRI data. We have shown that our proposed method exhibits significant reduction of the number of features with clear edge classification accuracy over ensemble of decision-trees.

Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Physiological Phenomena

Fulltext A multiplexable TALE-based binary expression system for in vivo cellular interaction studies

Toegel M, Azzam G, Lee EY, Knapp DJHF, Tan Y, Fa M, et al.

Nat Commun, 2017 11 21;8(1):1663.

PMID: 29162808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01592-3

Binary expression systems have revolutionised genetic research by enabling delivery of loss-of-function and gain-of-function transgenes with precise spatial-temporal resolution in vivo. However, at present, each existing platform relies on a defined exogenous transcription activator capable of binding a unique recognition sequence. Consequently, none of these technologies alone can be used to simultaneously target different tissues or cell types in the same organism. Here, we report a modular system based on programmable transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins, which enables parallel expression of multiple transgenes in spatially distinct tissues in vivo. Using endogenous enhancers coupled to TALE drivers, we demonstrate multiplexed orthogonal activation of several transgenes carrying cognate variable activating sequences (VAS) in distinct neighbouring cell types of the Drosophila central nervous system. Since the number of combinatorial TALE-VAS pairs is virtually unlimited, this platform provides an experimental framework for highly complex genetic manipulation studies in vivo.

Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System/cytology; Nervous System/metabolism

Fulltext A preliminary evaluation of linear control schemes for FES-assisted movements

Ahmed, M., Huq, M.S., Ibrahim, B.S.K.K., Ahmed, A.

Movement Health & Exercise, 2018;7(1):211-223.

MyJurnal

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) can be used to revive movement
functions of the human body to a certain degree which was lost due to
occurrences of the nervous system disorders resulting from accidents or
diseases. It can also be employed for gait rehabilitation as well as therapy.
Control systems could be employed to improve on the FES-induced motion,
and the closed-loop was targeted due to its advantages. Based on the papers
reviewed, studies have shown that the linear control schemes are popular for
movement restoration in the lower limb, but mostly for continuous standing
contributing to mainly the stance phase. Therefore, a myriad of limitations
was observed which include: the need for using improved sensors, re-tuning
for every subject, tests conducted using patient with more straightforward
ailments, complexity in implementation and most importantly is the issue of
stability. The swing phase of gait movement and the full walking motion have
more complex dynamics and coupled with the nature of the plant (human with
nervous system disorder and the neuromuscular structure) could render the
linear control method obsolete or unsuitable. Hence, there is a need to
investigate other techniques such as the nonlinear and intelligent control
methods.

Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases

A proposed cascade of vascular events leading to granulomatous amoebic encephalitis

Baig AM, Khan NA

Microb Pathog, 2015 Nov;88:48-51.

PMID: 26276705 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.08.005

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis due to Acanthamoeba is a chronic disease that almost always results in death. Hematogenous spread is a pre-requisite followed by amoebae invasion of the blood-brain barrier to enter the central nervous system. Given the systemic nature of this infection, a significant latent period of several months before the appearance of clinical manifestations is puzzling. Based on reported cases, here we propose pathogenetic mechanisms that explain the above described latency of the disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System

Fulltext A rare case of disseminated sarcoidosis presenting with neurosarcoidosis: a case report

Noorhafini Abdul Sukur, Narisa Sulaiman Sahari, Abdul Aziz Marwan, Rosmadi Ismail

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(108):81-83.

MyJurnal

Sarcoidosis is characterized by formation of inflammatory granulomas affecting all over the body, with pulmonary predilection (1). Neurosarcoidosis is a rare but potentially dangerous manifestation of sarcoidosis. We report a case of disseminated sarcoidosis presenting with a neurological diagnostic dilemma. Worsening mediastinal lymphade- nopathy, together formation of lung and liver nodules making a sarcoidosis diagnosis favourable. Histology from these lesions showed non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. She was treated as a rare case of disseminated sarcoidosis. To date, there is no specific or clear guideline on the management of disseminated sarcoidosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Diseases

Fulltext A rare extrapyramidal manifestation in a patient with primary central nervous system lymphoma

Tee TY, Khoo CS, Ibrahim NM, Osman SS

Neurol India, 2019 3 13;67(1):297-299.

PMID: 30860142 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.253620

Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System/pathology; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology*

ATM inhibition prevents interleukin-6 from contributing to the proliferation of glioblastoma cells after ionizing radiation

Lim YC, Quek H, Offenhäuser C, Fazry S, Boyd A, Lavin M, et al.

J Neurooncol, 2018 Jul;138(3):509-518.

PMID: 29564746 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2838-0

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly fatal disease with a 5 year survival rate of less than 22%. One of the most effective treatment regimens to date is the use of radiotherapy which induces lethal DNA double-strand breaks to prevent tumour growth. However, recurrence occurs in the majority of patients and is in-part a result of robust radioresistance mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrate that the multifunctional cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), confers a growth advantage in GBM cells but does not have the same effect on normal neural progenitor cells. Further analysis showed IL-6 can promote radioresistance in GBM cells when exposed to ionising radiation. Ablation of the Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated serine/threonine kinase that is recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks reverses the effect of radioresistance and re-sensitised GBM to DNA damage thus leading to increase cell death. Our finding suggests targeting the signaling cascade of DNA damage response is a potential therapeutic approach to circumvent IL-6 from promoting radioresistance in GBM.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms/metabolism; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/radiotherapy*

Absence of beta-amyloid deposition in the central nervous system of a transgenic mouse model of distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles

Anada RP, Wong KT, Malicdan MC, Goh KJ, Hayashi Y, Nishino I, et al.

Amyloid, 2014 Jun;21(2):138-9.

PMID: 24601867 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2014.889675

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System/metabolism*

Fulltext Accumulation of Mitochondrial DNA Microsatellite Instability in Malaysian Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Tumors

Radzak S, Khair Z, Ahmad F, Idris Z, Yusoff A

Turk Neurosurg, 2021;31(1):99-106.

PMID: 33491172 DOI: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.27893-20.4

AIM: To determine the mitochondrial microsatellite instability (mtMSI) status in a series of Malaysian patients with brain tumors. Furthermore, we analyzed whether the mtMSI status is associated with the clinicopathological features of the patients.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty fresh frozen tumor tissues along with blood samples of brain tumor patients were analyzed for mtMSI by PCR amplification of genomic DNAs, and the amplicons were directly sequenced in both directions using Sanger sequencing.

RESULTS: Microsatellite analysis revealed that 20% (8 out of 40) of the tumors were mtMSI positive with a total of 8 mtMSI changes. All mtMSI markers were detected in D310 and D16184 of the D-loop region. Additionally, no significant association was observed between mtMSI status and clinicopathological features.

CONCLUSION: The variations, specifically the mtMSI, suggest that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be targeted for genomic alteration in brain tumors. Therefore, the specific role of mtDNA alteration in brain tumor development and prognosis requires further investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/genetics; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/epidemiology

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 425 in total