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Fulltext Psychosis induced by cefuroxime and metronidazole

Zahiruddin O, Shanooha M, Mohd Azhar MY

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Feb;69(1):33-4.
PMID: 24814627 MyJurnal

We report a case 35-year-old lady who developed acute psychosis following administration of cefuroxime and metronidazole. Earliest mood changes occurred on the second day of antibiotics therapy. She developed hallucinations, delusions and bizarre behavior 1 day after the completion of the antibiotic therapy. All the relevant investigations including CT brain were normal. The psychosis resolved completely within 5 days of antipsychotic treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Factors predicting screen time related to physical and behavioural complaints in primary school children

Ting SL, Saimon R, Rahman MM, Safii R, Ho SL, John N, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2020 11;75(6):649-654.
PMID: 33219172

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Physical and behavioural problems from extended usage of electronic devices are issues among primary school children. This study is aimed to investigate the prevalence of physical and behavioural complaints arising from the electronic device usage and to identify the potential factors that predicted the complaints.
METHODS: This was a primary school-based cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling, conducted at Bau district in Sarawak, Malaysia in 40 primary schools. A questionnaire was used to collect information of usage pattern in insufficient lighting, timing and position. The physical and behavioural complaints were traced. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. A p-value < 0.05 with 95% CI was considered as statistically significant.
RESULTS: About 52.8% of the 569 students used digital devices in a bright room, 69.8% in the day time and 54.4% in sitting position. The physical complaints were headache (32.9%), neck, shoulder and back pain (32.9%) followed by by eye strain (31.8%). Regarding behavioural problems, 25.7% of the students had loss of interest in study and outdoor activities (20.7%), skipped meals (19.0%) and arguments/disagreements with parents (17.9%). After logistic regression analysis, the lying position (OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.096, 2.688) and darkroom lighting (OR=2.323 95% CI: 1.138, 4.744) appeared to be potential predictors of the complaint.
CONCLUSION: One-quarter of the students studied experienced physical complaints, and one-fifth had behavioural problems associated with the use of electronic devices. Lying position and darkroom lighting are the potential predictors of complaints. Therefore, we suggest that the children should use electronic devices in the sitting position with adequate room lighting.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Parent-adolescent relationships and its association to adolescents' self-esteem

Yaacob MJ

Malays J Med Sci, 2006 Jan;13(1):21-4.
PMID: 22589586

Psychoanalysts believed that early mother-child relationships form the prototype of all future relationships and the outcome of adolescents development depends on their ego-strength. Object relations theory believed that intrapsychic process mediates interpersonal interaction to develop a sense of secure self and adolescents must relinquish the internalized other in order to develop a more mature sense of self. Social-relation theory believed that mothers and fathers provide different socialization experiences. Self-esteem depends on the functioning of the whole family in which adolescent is intimately related to the dyadic relationship in a family. There is an association between interparental conflict and adolescent's self-esteem and problem behaviour.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Utilization of dental general anaesthesia for children

Karim ZA, Musa N, Noor SN

Malays J Med Sci, 2008 Jul;15(3):31-9.
PMID: 22570587 MyJurnal

Dental treatment under general anaesthesia may be needed for some children and adolescents due to medical or behaviour problem. The objective of the study is to identify the type of treatment that has been carried out under GA in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). A retrospective record review study from hospital records of dental patients (under 18 years old) receiving dental treatment under GA from 2003 until 2007 were retrieved from the database. Information such as the reason for GA, and the type of treatment provided was recorded in data sheet. The data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0.1 for Windows. It was checked and verified for errors. A total of 349 cases were treated of which 43.6% had medical problems. Patients were mostly diagnosed to have rampant caries (77.1%) and some of them have behavioural problems (34.4%). Treatment pattern in deciduous dentition revealed more extraction (97.8%) as compared to restoration (75.7%) whereas in permanent dentition more restoration was done (24.3%) as compared to extraction (2.2%). Majority of the restorations were done using Glass Ionomer Cements (47.5%). Biopsy (4.3%) contributed mainly to the surgery (24.1%) done during GA. General anesthesia is necessary when dental disease is interfering with health and general well-being of patient and it can facilitated dental treatment allowing dentists to benefit from improved treatment conditions and provide a higher quality of care.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Promotion of Adolescent Mental Health in Hong Kong-The Role of a Comprehensive Child Health Policy

Wong L, Chan CW

J Adolesc Health, 2019 06;64(6S):S14-S18.
PMID: 31122544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.01.033
Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Anxiety and depression in children with epilepsy

Lai, Choo Ong

Neurology Asia, 2013;18(11):39-41.
MyJurnal

Children with epilepsy are at increased risk of behavioral problems and psychiatric disorders compared with the general population and those with other chronic illnesses. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common and require further attention because they carry the risk of reduced quality of life and have far reaching consequences in later life. The wide range of prevalence quoted in the literature reflects methodologic differences. Risk factors are often multifactorial and include illness severity, coexisting morbidity, and psychosocial factors. Diagnosis remains a challenge, as the presentation is heterogenous and age related. This is complicated by epilepsy issues and associated comorbidity that hamper the use of standardized assessment tools. Multimodal treatment involving psychotherapy and antidepressant therapy currently represents the best approach. The mental health needs of these children are largely unmet; increased awareness and better research are required to determine best practices.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Neurodevelopmental effects of childhood malnutrition: A neuroimaging perspective

Galler JR, Bringas-Vega ML, Tang Q, Rabinowitz AG, Musa KI, Chai WJ, et al.

Neuroimage, 2021 05 01;231:117828.
PMID: 33549754 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117828

Approximately one in five children worldwide suffers from childhood malnutrition and its complications, including increased susceptibility to inflammation and infectious diseases. Due to improved early interventions, most of these children now survive early malnutrition, even in low-resource settings (LRS). However, many continue to exhibit neurodevelopmental deficits, including low IQ, poor school performance, and behavioral problems over their lifetimes. Most studies have relied on neuropsychological tests, school performance, and mental health and behavioral measures. Few studies, in contrast, have assessed brain structure and function, and to date, these have mainly relied on low-cost techniques, including electroencephalography (EEG) and evoked potentials (ERP). The use of more advanced methods of neuroimaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), has been limited by cost factors and lack of availability of these technologies in developing countries, where malnutrition is nearly ubiquitous. This report summarizes the current state of knowledge and evidence gaps regarding childhood malnutrition and the study of its impact on neurodevelopment. It may help to inform the development of new strategies to improve the identification, classification, and treatment of neurodevelopmental disabilities in underserved populations at the highest risk for childhood malnutrition.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Relationship between self-concept, family relationship and externalizing behavior among adolescents in Selangor

Patonah Zakaria, Amna Md. Noor, Azlina Mohd Khir

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(3):6-16.
MyJurnal

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between self-concept, family
relationship quality and externalizing behavior problem (aggressive behavior and delinquency
behavior) among adolescents in Selangor. Besides that, this study also to determine the level of selfconcept,
family relationship quality and externalizing behavior among secondary school students as
well as to compare the differences between these three variables according to sex. A total of 400
students (nmale =53%, nfemale=47%) from secondary schools were selected in this study. The multi-stage
cluster sampling technique was used during sample selection. Data were obtained from selfadministered
questionnaire that are consist of Individual Protective Factors Index Questionnaire
(1992), Family Relationship Characteristics (1997), Aggression Scale (2001) and Problem Behavior
Frequency Scale (1977). The findings revealed that majority of students have moderate level of selfconcept,
family relationship quality as well as externalizing behavior. In terms of sex differences, the
results showed that family belief, family structure and externalizing behavior have significant
differences according to sex (t= -4.393 to 7.588, p

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Workplace deviant behavior: terminology, factors, typologies and effects

Mohamed Shahrizan Abu Bakar, Khairuddin Idris, Zoharah Omar, Siti Normaliz Othman

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2016;1(4):18-26.
MyJurnal

Workplace deviant behavior is an action performed voluntarily by an individual and harms the
organizational norms and affects individual, organization or both. Therefore, it is a priority to the
organization to understand and look at the workplace deviant behavior issue because different
individual and environment will cause differences in how an individual behaves. Understanding the
terms, factors, typologies and effects of deviant behavior will enable organization to draw the
rehabilitation plan so deviant behavior will be curbed from the beginning. Overcoming workplace
deviant behavior will result in positive impact to the organization management and financial and will
lead to positive and conducive environment at the workplace.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Lung function and cognitive performance of primary school children exposed to secondhand smoke at home in Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Sharina D, Zulkifli A, Naing NN

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2004;4(2):19-23.
MyJurnal

Exposure to secondhand smoke has consistently been linked to adverse health effects in children, including reduced lung function and various respiratory diseases. There is also increasing evidence that secondhand smoke exposure is associated with cognitive impairment and behavioral problems in children, This cross sectional study was done on 795 chiildren to determine the association between secondhand smoke exposure and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and cognitive performance among the primary school children in Kota Bharu Kelantan. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demography and smoking status of the household. The PEER was measured using a child Mini Wright peak expiratory flow meter while cognitive performance was assessed by four subtests of Weschler Intelligence Scale For Children (WISC III). Data analysis was done using SPSS version 11. Children were classified as exposed to secondhand smoke when at least one househoH member smoked. There were 442 (55 .6%) children exposed to secondhand smoke at home. The mean (SD) PEFR for unexposed and exposed children were 266.18 (60.80) l/min and 266 .06 (57. 70) l/min respectively, The mean (SD) scores for Digit Span Forward, Digit Span Backward Coding and Arithmetic in unexposed chiMren were 6.84 (1.80), 4.Z7(1.68), 45.25 (9,99) and 8.04 (1.04) respectively. The mean (SD) scores for exposed children were 6.73 (1 .77). 4.07 (l .65), 45.1 I (1 I ,03) and 8.13 (1 .00) respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance showed no signincant dijference in the PEFR (p=O.816) and the cognitive scores between exposed and unexposed primary school children in Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Adolescent health problems and adolescent friendly health clinic from adolescents’ perspective (Besut and Kuala Terengganu): a qualitative research

Hassan N, A. Rahman K, Aris Kasah M, Jusoh M

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2002;2(2):9-14.
MyJurnal

A qualitative research was carried out in Besut and Kuala Terengganu to identyy adolescents’ health problems and needs jiom adolescent perspective, and to establish a priority area in the development of Adolescent Health Clinic in the district. A total of 61 adolescents were selected and divided into four groups and stratified according to age, 13-15 years old and 16 - 17 years old. Generally all participants wished to live in an environment free hom negative health risk factors. The obstacles they perceived were mainly related to lack of care or too much control by their parents. Some of them perceived that their parents in general had inadequate knowledge and skills on parenting. Among local behavioural problems mentioned were loafing, running away from home, vandalism, school absenteeism, aggressive behaviour, substance abuse, pre-marital sexual activities, "bohsia", “bohjan" and even involvement in crimes. More than hah' agreed that counselling service is important for adolescents, and it should be made available in the community preferably outside the schools. They perceived an adolescent friendly health clinic concept as an important concept that should be introduced. To them adolescent friendly health clinic is a clinic run by professionals who are knowledgeable, caring, good listeners, non—judgemental, and who exercise confidentiality. The clinic preferably should be situated in a location which is away from the present health facilities to avoid the image of a place for sick people. Clinic hours preferably during weekends, should provide appropriate technologies and situated in a comfortable ambience. Adolescent participation in the clinic was also mentioned as an important entity for adolescent friendly health services.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Interactions Between Psychiatric Disorder And Physical Illness

Nor Zuraida, Z.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2009;18(2):1-2.
MyJurnal

The vital importance of the mental health of a nation for the overall well being of the population and socioeconomic development is increasingly recognized. In Malaysia, psychiatric disorders were responsible for 8.6% of the total Disability Adjusted Life Years and were ranked fourth as the leading cause of burden of disease by disease categories. More and more evidence shows that physical illnesses are strongly associated with psychiatric disorders. Those with physical illnesses have much higher risk of developing psychiatric disorders compared to that without. The mechanisms of co-morbidity of psychiatric and physical illness are complex. It is a two-way interaction and there are five different possible ways to describe this.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Care demands-related concerns and perceived service needs of families of people with mental illness in the community

Saloma, P., Chan, K.G., Ong, M.F.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2014;23(1):17-26.
MyJurnal

Owing to reduced inpatient stays, people with mental illness (PMI) were often discharged from the hospital in ‘acute’ conditions. During this transition period of fragility, the relocation of care from hospital to home has tremendous impact on every aspect of a family’s life as they need to face a challenging task of caring especially when they are ‘not ready’ and ‘ignorant’ about the chronicity and severity of the illness. Furthermore, where economic and psychological support is concerned, those who are undertaking this task may require significant professional guidance. Aims: This study examines the experiences of 100 families in caring for people with mental illness in the community. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted in their homes within three Malaysian states of Sabah, Sarawak and Johor in year 2013. Results: Three themes emerged from the findings of ‘care demands related concerns’ of these families. These include theme (1): care provision related concerns of families which were related to the needs of people with mental illness for continuing care provision, their non-compliance with medication and relapse, altered sleep pattern, limited self-care ability, behavioral problems and also social isolation. Theme (2): perceived availability of resources of service provision/support which were related to activities planned for the families before the discharge of the people with mental illness and theme (3): family members perceived service needs whereby they informed of their needs such as continual health care through home visit, provision of financial aid, job coach service, centre for care provision of PMI and rehabilitative programs.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext The use of modified checklist for autism in toddlers (Malay version) in differentiating between autism spectrum disorders and other developmental behavioural disorders

Lau, Doris Sie Chong, Juriza Ismail, Zarina Latiff

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019;25(1):6-12.
MyJurnal

Objective: The present study examined the sensitivity and specificity of M-CHAT-Malay version [M-CHAT(MV)] to discriminate ASD from other developmental-behavioural disorders. Methods: This study was carried out in the Child Development Centre at a tertiary referral centre. Parents of 130 children aged 18–60 months, referred for developmental-behavioural disorders were asked to complete M-CHAT(MV). A child was considered to have ASD ifthey failed any 3 of the 23 total items or 2 or more of the 6 critical items. Results: Looking at the total items, M-CHAT(MV) has a good sensitivity (88.9%) to differentiate between ASD and other developmental-behavioural disorders, although specificity was only 47.8%. However, the critical items only has sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 77.6%. Sensitivity for children aged 49–60 months old was lower (80.0%) compared to those in the younger age group (100.0% and 90.3% for those aged 25-36 months and 37–48 months respectively). Based on the ROC curve, the optimal criteria to detect ASD was failing 1 out of 6 critical items or 3 out of 23 total items. Conclusion: M-CHAT(MV) is a good screening tool in differentiating ASD from other developmental-behavioural disorders although the critical items’ criteria may need to be lowered to improve its sensitivity in selected cohorts.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Cognitive-behavioural social skills training in primary school children with behavioural problems: lessons learnt from a pilot study

Azizah Othman, Kok, Wei Wee, Rohani Mohd Shahidi

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2011;17(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

The report describes a pilot study of cognitive-behavioural social skills program conducted on primary school children in Kelantan, Malaysia. Designs: Uncontrolled pre- and post- single design study. Methods: Children aged 9 - 11 referred by school teachers for behavioural problems were put into Petersen’s Stop-Think-Do cognitive-behavioural social skills program for 6 sessions delivered by a clinical psychologist. Main outcome measure was Goodman’s Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires; to assess child’s emotional and behavioural functioning rated by parents and children themselves. Results: The results showed positive short-term effects of the program at improving some aspects of children’s psychological functioning, however they are not significant. Findings are limited to several issues including subjects’ drop-out, problems in generalizing learnt behaviour, and the use of single outcome measure. Conclusion: Whilst the program could possibly improve children behavioural functioning more dramatically, the implementation of such program in school setting must be organized in full collaboration and assistance from the parents and school administrators.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Emotional and behavioural problems among adolescent off-springs of mothers with depression

Wan Salwina, W.I., Nik Ruzyanei, N.K., Nurliza, A.M., Irma, A.M., Hafiz, B., Ayob, I., et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2013;9(2):35-43.
MyJurnal

Maternal depression has been linked to the development of adolescents’ emotional and behavioural problems. The main objective of this study was to determine the association between maternal depressive disorders and externalizing and internalizing problems among their adolescent children. This was a cross-sectional, comparison study of 35 mothers with depression and their adolescents, matched with 35 healthy mothers and their adolescents as controls. The mothers completed Quick Inventory Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) for assessment of current depression. The emotional and behavioural problems in the adolescents were assessed independently by the mothers and their adolescents off-springs using Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self-Report (YSR), respectively. SPSS version 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. The findings showed that adolescents who have mothers with depressive disorders had significantly higher scores of externalizing (mean difference = 4.686 + 10.887, p = 0.016) and total emotional and behavioural problems (mean difference = 10.171 + 23.007, p = 0.013) than controls. The cases also scored higher than the controls in the following CBCL syndrome scales: aggressive behaviour (mean difference = 3.200 + 6.773, p = 0.008), social problem (mean difference = 1.286 + 2.865, p = 0.012), and attention problem (mean difference = 1.543 + 4.435, p = 0.047). Mothers with depressive disorders reported that their adolescents have greater emotional and behavioural problems than the controls. The findings suggested a need for preventive strategies to curb problematic behaviour focusing on this vulnerable group.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Attitude towards sex: study of secondary schoolchildren in Selangor state

Maha, A., Azhar, M. Z., Sherina, M. S., Sharmili, V., Rampal, L., Abdah, A., et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2010;6(1):33-61.
MyJurnal

Introduction: HIV/AIDS is one of the leading health problems worldwide. There is an increasing rate among the ages between 13 to 49 years old. School based intervention is an important component of community-based interventions for HIV/AIDS and is the best stage to promote abstinence which is best maintained among those not sexually experienced. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine attitude towards sex among secondary school children in Selangor state. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Four out of nine districts in Selangor state were selected at random. Students were divided according to gender, academic performance (good or poor) with no behavioural problems
and students with evidence of behaviour problems (at risk). Results: Out of 149 students, the majority (56.4%) were females. The majority of students did not think sex should be discussed in depth and do not speak to parents, teachers, religious teachers, counselors, relatives, doctors or nurses but speak to friends regarding sex. More than half watch pornography. A significantly higher percentage of male students in the weak and at-risk group admit to thinking of intimacy (hugging and kissing) with the opposite gender. A higher number of these students would try sex out of curiosity, for fun, because it was difficult to say ‘no’ to and that they would like it. A significantly higher percentage will try sex because they did not want to hurt their girlfriends’ feeling by saying ‘no’. While the majority of students think intimacy will end in sex, a significantly higher percentage of male at-risk students think just talking with the opposite gender will end in sex. The majority of male students responded feeling attracted to the picture of a girl in sexy clothing but a significantly higher percentage of at-risk students also felt attracted to the picture of a girl properly attired. A significantly higher percentage of male at-risk students say parents do not say sex before marriage is wrong and a significantly higher percentage of
male students of weak and at-risk groups say girlfriends say sex before marriage is okay. A significantly higher percentage of weak and at-risk students speak to doctors regarding sex and think sex should be discussed in depth. Conclusion: Weak and at-risk male students appeared to have a more vulnerable attitude towards sex. This may predispose them to risky sexual behaviours leading to HIV/AIDS. Poor academic performance and behaviour problems may not be different as potential sexual risk predictors. The information obtained will be useful in designing intervention programmes in the prevention of HIV/AIDS.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Voyeuristic disorder and internet pornography addiction: a case report

Wong DTL, Sidi H, Salleh H, Tajjudin I

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(3):54-56.
MyJurnal

With the availability of the Internet, pornographic materials are readily accessible. Pornographic materials may have a link to addiction and other deviant sexual behaviour. In this case report, we highlighted a link between voyeuristic disorder and internet sex addiction. Mr. SK is a 22-year-old single gentleman who was referred for psychiatric assessment due to voyeuristic acts. He had been watching pornographic materials since 16 years old and became addicted to it.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext Psychological and physical impact of the haze amongst a Malaysian community

Teoh, Hsien-Jin, Tan, Kai Ling

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(2):23-34.
MyJurnal

A total of 306 Malaysian university students and staff were surveyed to ascertain the physical and emotional effects of the polluted haze on them. All subjects completed self-reported questionnaires. Analysis of the results indicated that the majority of subjects reduced their outdoor activities and sports, and also reported an increase in emotional and physical health problems. The results indicated that there was a general increase in emotional problems such as feeling depressed, lacking in energy, not feeling like doing anything, feeling anxious and afraid, difficulty sleeping, feeling agitated and irritable, and having no appetite. There was also an increase in physical symptoms such as itchy or red eyes, itchy or running nose, dry throat/cough, headaches, nausea, and fever. This study indicated that emotional and behavioural problems are just as common during the haze, when compared with physical health problems. The study also suggests that there are a broad range of problems which health care and human resource departments need to be aware of and take precautions to minimize during a haze.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior
Fulltext The influences of parenting stress, children behavioral problems and children quality of life on depression symptoms among parents of children with autism: preliminary findings

Ainul Izzah Abdul Manan, Noh Amit, Zaini Said, Mahadir Ahmad

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2018;16(101):137-143.
MyJurnal

Taking care of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) could be a demanding task for parents. Consequently, parents of children with ASD may experience parenting stress and depression symptoms. This study examined parenting stress and depression symptoms among parents of children and adolescents with ASD. This study also examined the role of child characteristics (e.g., age, child quality of life and problem behavior) on parenting stress and depression symptoms and the effect of parenting stress on parental depression. A total of 78 parents were examined using a questionnaire survey. The result indicated that parents caring a younger age group of children with ASD have higher levels of depression symptoms compared to parents caring for older group of children with ASD. The result also revealed a significant difference in level of depression symptoms between parents with higher levels of parenting stress and parents with lower parenting stress. Only the children age significantly predicts depression symptoms in parents of children with ASD. This indicates that children age is potential to affect mental health among parents of children with ASD.

Matched MeSH terms: Problem Behavior

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