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Fulltext Extreme Thrombocytosis in a Child: Laboratory Approaches and Diagnostic Challenges

Zulkafli Z, Janaveloo T, Wan Ab Rahman WS, Hassan MN, Abdullah WZ

Oman Med J, 2019 Jul;34(4):336-340.
PMID: 31360323 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2019.65

Thrombocytosis in children as well as in adult is defined as platelet count ≥ 450 × 109/L, and it is usually a reactive feature to various medical disorders. However, extreme thrombocytosis (platelet count ≥ 1000 × 109/L) is an uncommon finding among pediatric and adult patients, which may indicate more than a reactive phenomenon. We describe a case of a five-year-old boy who was admitted due to recurrent epistaxis. He had no history of allergic tendency or trauma. Physical examination was unremarkable except for shotty neck nodes. Laboratory results at presentation showed normal hemoglobin and total leukocyte count with eosinophilia (0.92 × 109/L), and extreme thrombocytosis. Other relevant investigations including coagulation profile, serum ferritin, liver, and renal function tests were all within normal ranges. Stool samples for ova and cysts were negative. The peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspirate confirmed thrombocytosis with increased megakaryocytic proliferation and no artefactual reasons for the high platelets such as red blood cell fragments. Different causes of thrombocytosis in childhood were investigated after considering the possible differential diagnoses for extreme thrombocytosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Fulltext Hearing loss in diving--a study amongst Navy divers

Zulkaflay AR, Saim L, Said H, Mukari SZ, Esa R

Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):103-8.
PMID: 10967988

Despite the commonly observed condition of middle and inner ear barotrauma among divers, there is little evidence of insidious and permanent development of sensorineural hearing loss associated with diving. An audiometric survey was performed on a group of 120 divers and 166 non divers from the Royal Malaysian Naval Base in Lumut, West Malaysia between July to December 1991. The results of this survey revealed that insidious development of high frequency sensorineural hearing loss may be associated with diving. At frequencies 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz the divers had higher mean hearing levels than non divers and their hearing at those frequencies seemed to deteriorate faster. The etiology of this insidious hearing loss is multifactorial and may be related to inner ear barotrauma, decompression sickness or noise-induced deafness.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Frequency of mutant CYP1A1, NAT2 and GSTM1 alleles in normal Indians and Malays

Zhao B, Lee EJ, Wong JY, Yeoh PN, Gong NH

Pharmacogenetics, 1995 Oct;5(5):275-80.
PMID: 8563767

Several xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, including CYP1A1, NAT2 and GSTM1, are subject to genetic polymorphisms. Because these enzymes are important for the detoxification and/or bioactivation of drugs and carcinogens, these polymorphisms have important implications in therapeutics and cancer susceptibility. The distributions of CYP1A1, NAT2 and GSTM1 genotype frequencies in unrelated individuals of the Indian (n = 139) and Malay (n = 146) populations were characterized by the polymerase chain reaction. The respective allelic frequencies of wild-type and mutant alleles of CYP1A1 were 0.82 and 0.18 for the Indians, and 0.69 and 0.31 for the Malays. The frequencies of wild-type, M1, M2 and M3 of NAT2 among Indians were 0.44, 0.20, 0.32 and 0.04 respectively. The corresponding NAT2 allelic frequencies in Malays were 0.41, 0.12, 0.38 and 0.09. The GSTM1*A allele could not be amplified in 33.1% of Indians and 61.6% of Malays. At least one GSTM1*B allele was detected in 7.2% and 7.5% of the respective populations. The allelic frequencies of CYP1A1, NAT2 and GSTM1 among Malays are similar to previously reported frequencies among Chinese in the region. These findings will be of importance in the determination of cancer risks in these populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Fulltext Thyroid hormones and coronary artery calcification in euthyroid men and women

Zhang Y, Kim BK, Chang Y, Ryu S, Cho J, Lee WY, et al.

Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2014 Sep;34(9):2128-34.
PMID: 25060795 DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.303889

OBJECTIVE: Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism are risk factors for atherosclerosis. It is unclear whether thyroid hormone levels within the normal range are also associated with atherosclerosis measured by coronary artery calcium (CAC).
APPROACH AND RESULTS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 41 403 apparently healthy young and middle-aged men and women with normal thyroid hormone levels. Free thyroxin, free triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were measured by electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. CAC score was measured by multidetector computed tomography. The multivariable adjusted CAC ratios comparing the highest versus the lowest quartile of thyroid hormones were 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.60-0.91; P for trend <0.001) for free thyroxin, 0.81 (0.66-1.00; P for trend=0.05) for free triiodothyronine, and 0.78 (0.64-0.95; P for trend=0.01) for thyroid-stimulating hormone. Similarly, the odds ratios for detectable CAC (CAC >0) comparing the highest versus the lowest quartiles of thyroid hormones were 0.87 (0.79-0.96; P for linear trend <0.001) for free thyroxin, 0.90 (0.82-0.99; P for linear trend=0.02) for free triiodothyronine, and 0.91 (0.83-1.00; P for linear trend=0.03) for thyroid-stimulating hormone.
CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of apparently healthy young and middle-aged euthyroid men and women, low-normal free thyroxin and thyroid-stimulating hormone were associated with a higher prevalence of subclinical coronary artery disease and with a greater degree of coronary calcification.
KEYWORDS: thyroid hormones; thyrotropin; thyroxine; triiodothyronine

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Computerized assisted evaluation system for canine cardiomegaly via key points detection with deep learning

Zhang M, Zhang K, Yu D, Xie Q, Liu B, Chen D, et al.

Prev Vet Med, 2021 Aug;193:105399.
PMID: 34118647 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105399

Cardiomegaly is the main imaging finding for canine heart diseases. There are many advances in the field of medical diagnosing based on imaging with deep learning for human being. However there are also increasing realization of the potential of using deep learning in veterinary medicine. We reported a clinically applicable assisted platform for diagnosing the canine cardiomegaly with deep learning. VHS (vertebral heart score) is a measuring method used for the heart size of a dog. The concrete value of VHS is calculated with the relative position of 16 key points detected by the system, and this result is then combined with VHS reference range of all dog breeds to assist in the evaluation of the canine cardiomegaly. We adopted HRNet (high resolution network) to detect 16 key points (12 and four key points located on vertebra and heart respectively) in 2274 lateral X-ray images (training and validation datasets) of dogs, the model was then used to detect the key points in external testing dataset (396 images), the AP (average performance) for key point detection reach 86.4 %. Then we applied an additional post processing procedure to correct the output of HRNets so that the AP reaches 90.9 %. This result signifies that this system can effectively assist the evaluation of canine cardiomegaly in a real clinical scenario.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Fulltext Racial differences in the fasting lipid profile of healthy Malaysians

Zaraihan S, Azman AB, Tariq AR

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):355-63.
PMID: 7674971

The fasting lipid profile of a sample of Malays, Chinese and Indians in Peninsular Malaysia was studied to see whether these might explain differences in the rate of coronary heart disease mortality amongst the three ethnic groups. Fifty healthy subjects were studied from each of the three groups. They were matched for age, body mass index, gender and smoking habits, if any. The total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio were found to be statistically higher in the Indians than in the Malays and the Chinese. The differences between the Indians and the Chinese were statistically more significant than the differences between the Indians and the Malays. Our findings may partially explain the higher predisposition of the Indian community in Malaysia to CHD mortality and are consistent with those of other studies performed on Indian communities living outside the Indian subcontinent.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Fulltext Effects of honey supplementation on safety profiles among postmenopausal breast cancer patients

Zakaria Z, Zainal Abidin ZF, Gan SH, Wan Abdul Hamid WZ, Mohamed M

J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2018 Dec;13(6):535-540.
PMID: 31435374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.04.013

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of honey supplementation on the safety profiles of postmenopausal breast cancer patients.
Methods: Seventy-two postmenopausal women with stage I, II, or III breast cancer from the Oncology Clinic, Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital were treated with anastrozole (1 mg/day). Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups (n = 36/group): a control group (no honey) and a honey group (20 g/day of honey for 12 weeks). Fasting blood samples were obtained pre- and post-intervention to investigate differences in the haematological, renal, and liver profiles of patients in both the groups.
Results: Post-intervention, alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly higher in the control group than in the honey group. In the honey group, white blood cell counts, platelet counts, and creatinine levels were significantly higher following honey supplementation for 12 weeks. Nevertheless, the values were still within normal ranges.
Conclusions: The present study suggests that honey supplementation of 20 g/day for 12 weeks is safe and beneficial for postmenopausal breast cancer patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Gender and modulation frequency effects on auditory steady state response (ASSR) thresholds

Zakaria MN, Jalaei B, Wahab NA

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2016 Feb;273(2):349-54.
PMID: 25682179 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3555-3

For estimating behavioral hearing thresholds, auditory steady state response (ASSR) can be reliably evoked by stimuli at low and high modulation frequencies (MFs). In this regard, little is known regarding ASSR thresholds evoked by stimuli at different MFs in female and male participants. In fact, recent data suggest that 40-Hz ASSR is influenced by estrogen level in females. Hence, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of gender and MF on ASSR thresholds in young adults. Twenty-eight normally hearing participants (14 males and 14 females) were enrolled in this study. For each subject, ASSR thresholds were recorded with narrow-band chirps at 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz carrier frequencies (CFs) and at 40 and 90 Hz MFs. Two-way mixed ANOVA (with gender and MF as the factors) revealed no significant interaction effect between factors at all CFs (p > 0.05). The gender effect was only significant at 500 Hz CF (p < 0.05). At 500 and 1,000 Hz CFs, mean ASSR thresholds were significantly lower at 40 Hz MF than at 90 Hz MF (p < 0.05). Interestingly, at 2,000 and 4,000 Hz CFs, mean ASSR thresholds were significantly lower at 90 Hz MF than at 40 Hz MF (p < 0.05). The lower ASSR thresholds in females might be due to hormonal influence. When recording ASSR thresholds at low MF, we suggest the use of gender-specific normative data so that more valid comparisons can be made, particularly at 500 Hz CF.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
The influences of age, gender and geometric pattern of visual image on the verticality perception: A subjective visual vertical (SVV) study among Malaysian adults

Zakaria MN, Salim R, Tahir A, Zainun Z, Mohd Sakeri NS

Clin Otolaryngol, 2019 03;44(2):166-171.
PMID: 30411501 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13255

OBJECTIVES: Subjective visual vertical (SVV) is a simple, quick and reliable test for measuring utricular function. The literature on the effects of fundamental demographic variables such as age and gender on SVV is inconclusive and should be supported by research with larger samples. The aim of the present study was to determine the influences of age, gender and geometric pattern of visual image on SVV among healthy adults.
STUDY DESIGN: This study employed a repeated measures design.
SETTINGS: Otorhinolaryngology Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
PARTICIPANTS: Eligible Malaysian adults (N = 187, aged 21-75 years) were recruited and categorised into young (N = 60), middle-aged (N = 66) and older (N = 61) groups. Most of them were Malay, and 51.3% were men.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjective visual vertical angles (in degrees) were determined from each participant in a static upright condition using a computerised SVV device. They were asked to indicate their verticality perception for three types of visual images (solid line, dotted line and arrow pattern).
RESULTS: Three-way mixed ANOVA revealed insignificant influences of age and gender on SVV results (P > 0.05). In contrast, mean SVV angles were significantly higher for the arrow pattern than for other visual images (P = 0.004).
CONCLUSION: While the insignificant influences of age and gender on static SVV are further ascertained with larger samples, the perception of verticality is less accurate when aligning a more geometrically complex visual image (ie, arrow pattern). Further SVV research on vestibular-disordered patients is beneficial, particularly to verify the normative data obtained with this complex visual image.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Fulltext The use of blood lead and delta aminolevulinic as indicators of lead exposure in primary school children in southern Malaysia

Zailina, H., Junidah, R., Jamal Hisham, H.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2004;4(1):47-54.
MyJurnal

Blood lead concentration and 6»aminolevulinic acid in urine were used as indicator for lead exposure among school children in an industrial area south of the peninsular Malaysia. A group of 1 00 Malay children which consist of 48 boys and 52 girb with the age range of 61/2 to 81/2 years from a primary school were selected as chiMren. Blood samples were collected and analyzed with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The urine 6-aminolevulinic acid concentrations were measured with UV/VIS Spectrophotometer. The mean blood lead was 3.75ug/dl. Based on the biological index, 76% of the children are in the “normal range" (

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
The absence of factor V Leiden mutation in Malays with recurrent spontaneous abortions

Yusoff NM, Abdullah WZ, Ghazali S, Othman MS, Baba AA, Abdullah N, et al.

Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2002 May;42(2):164-6.
PMID: 12069143 DOI: 10.1111/j.0004-8666.2002.00164.x

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of factor V Leiden mutation in Malay women with recurrent spontaneous abortion and to clarify the contribution of the factor V Leiden mutation to recurrent miscarriages in these women.

DESIGN: A prospective case control study between June 1999 and April 2000.

SETTING: Hospital University Science of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, and Maternal and Child Health Clinic, Pasir Mas, Kelantan, Malaysia.

SAMPLES: A total of 46 Malay women with a history of three or more first or second trimester miscarriages were studied. The control group consisted of 46 parous women without obstetric complications.

METHODS: Diagnosis of factor V Leiden mutation was made by examination of factor V Leiden allele product following Mnl I digestion of factor V Leiden alleles amplified by polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS: None of the 46 women with recurrent spontaneous abortion carried the mutation. Also, we found no subject carrying the factor V Leiden alleles in the control group.

CONCLUSION: These results suggest that that there is no association between the factor V Leiden mutation and recurrent spontaneous abortion in the Malay population.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Dental age estimation in Malay children based on all permanent teeth types

Yusof MY, Thevissen PW, Fieuws S, Willems G

Int J Legal Med, 2014 Mar;128(2):329-33.
PMID: 23370574 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-013-0825-8

The applicability of the Willems et al. model was verified on a collected sample of Malay (Malaysian nationality) children. This sample was split in a reference sample to develop a Malay-specific prediction model based on the Willems et al. method and in a test sample to validate this new developed model. Next, the incorporation of third molars into this model was analyzed. Panoramic radiographs (n = 1,403) of Malay children aged between 4 and 14.99 years (n = 702) and subadults aged between 15 and 23.99 years (n = 701) were collected. The left mandibular seven permanent teeth of the children were scored based on the staging technique described by Demirjian and converted to age using the Willems et al. method. Third molar development of all individuals was staged based on the technique described by Gleiser and Hunt modified by Kohler. Differences between dental age and chronological age were calculated and expressed in mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The Willems et al. model verified on the collected Malay children overestimated chronological age with a ME around 0.45 year. Small differences in ME, MAE, and RMSE between the verified Malay-specific prediction model and the Willems et al. model were observed. An overall neglected decrease in RMSE was detected adding third molar stages to the developed permanent teeth model.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Translaminar screw fixation of the cervical spine in Asian population: feasibility and safety consideration based on computerized tomographic measurements

Yusof MI, Shamsi SS

Surg Radiol Anat, 2012 Apr;34(3):203-7.
PMID: 21947622 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-011-0869-8

Cervical translaminar screw fixation has been shown to be safe, efficient and provides alternative for cervical fixation. However, its use in the Asian population should be considered cautiously because the cervical lamina diameter may not be adequate to accommodate the standard lamina screw size. We studied the average transverse lamina diameter of the cervical spine in the Malaysian population to evaluate the feasibility and safety of lamina screw fixation in this population.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Glycaemic index of four commercially available breads in Malaysia

Yusof BN, Abd Talib R, Karim NA, Kamarudin NA, Arshad F

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2009 Sep;60(6):487-96.
PMID: 18785052 DOI: 10.1080/09637480701804268

This study was carried out to determine the blood glucose response and glycaemic index (GI) values of four types of commercially available breads in Malaysia. Twelve healthy volunteers (six men, six women; body mass index, 21.9±1.6 kg/m(2); age, 22.9±1.7 years) participated in this study. The breads tested were multi-grains bread (M-Grains), wholemeal bread (WM), wholemeal bread with oatmeal (WM-Oat) and white bread (WB). The subjects were studied on seven different occasions (four tests for the tested breads and three repeated tests of the reference food) after an overnight fast. Capillary blood samples were taken immediately before (0 min) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after consumption of the test foods. The blood glucose response was obtained by calculating the incremental area under the curve. The GI values were determined according to the standardized methodology. Our results showed that the M-Grains and WM-Oat could be categorized as intermediate GI while the WM and WB breads were high GI foods, respectively. The GI of M-Grains (56±6.2) and WM-Oat (67±6.9) were significantly lower than the reference food (glucose; GI = 100) (P < 0.05). No significant difference in GI value was seen between the reference food and the GI of WM (85±5.9) and WB (82±6.5) (P > 0.05). Among the tested breads, the GI values of M-Grains and WM-Oat were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of WM and WB. There was no relationship between the dietary fibre content of the bread with the incremental area under the curve (r = 0.15, P = 0.15) or their GI values (r = 0.17, P = 0.12), indicating that the GI value of the test breads were unaffected by the fibre content of the breads. The result of this study will provide useful nutritional information for dieticians and the public alike who may prefer low-GI over high-GI foods.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Reference values of hematological, serum biochemical and hormonal examinations in female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) of feral origin

Yoshida T, Katsuta A, Cho F

Jikken Dobutsu, 1989 Jul;38(3):259-62.
PMID: 2676567

Blood samples were collected from clinically healthy female cynomolgus monkeys imported from Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia. These animals were maintained under uniform environmental conditions for four to five years. The blood samples were examined for their hematological, serum biochemical and hormonal values. The ranges of the values as well as their arithmetic means and standard deviations have been tabulated with respect to each examination item.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of genetically modified organisms

Yoke-Kqueen C, Radu S

J Biotechnol, 2006 Dec 15;127(1):161-6.
PMID: 16860900

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyzed 78 samples comprises of certified reference materials (soya and maize powder), raw seeds (soybean and maize), processed food and animal feed. Combination assay of two arbitrary primers in the RAPD analysis enable to distinguish genetically modified organism (GMO) reference materials from the samples tested. Dendrogram analysis revealed 13 clusters at 45% similarity from the RAPD. RAPD analysis showed that the maize and soybean samples were clustered differently besides the GMO and non-GMO products.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Fulltext Association between anthropometric status, dietary intake and physical activity with bone health status among premenopausal Chinese women in the Klang Valley, Malaysia

Yee, Y.S.S., Zaitun, Y., Chan, Y.M., Norhaizan, M.E.

Malays J Nutr, 2013;19(3):293-302.
MyJurnal

Introduction: There is a lack of information on bone health status of premenopausal women in Malaysia. This study investigated the bone health status of premenopausal women and its associations with anthropometric, dietary and physical activity. Methods: Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip and total body. Serum osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), beta-crosslaps were also determined. Results: A total of 73 Chinese premenopausal women were recruited in the study with a mean age of 39.3 ± 5.0 years. Average BMI, body fat percentage and lean body mass were 22.2 ± 3.4 kg/m2, 33.9 ± 4.6% and 34.5 ± 4.4 kg, respectively. Mean BMD at the spine, total hip, femoral neck, and total body were 1.025 ± 0.118 g/cm2, 0.876 ± 0.109 g/cm2, 0.739 ± 0.110 g/cm2, and 1.061 ± 0.755 g/cm2, respectively. Their serum beta-crosslaps and PTH were within normal range, but serum osteocalcin (8.5 ± 4.2 ng/ ml) was low. On average, calorie intake (1506 ± 427 kcal/ day) was below the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) while their calcium intake achieved only 67% of RNI. Their mean metabolic equivalent score (MET) was 771.4 ± 926.1 min/week. Body weight and related indices (BMI, lean mass, fat mass) were significantly positively correlated with BMD at all skeletal sites. Conclusion: The study revealed that Chinese premenopausal women in the Klang Valley have low calcium intake and low level of physical activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
A survey on the management of gout in Malaysia

Yeap SS, Goh EM, Gun SC

Int J Rheum Dis, 2009 Dec;12(4):329-35.
PMID: 20374371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2009.01431.x

AIM: The aim of this study was to ascertain the management of gout by doctors in Malaysia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out among doctors attending rheumatology post-graduate courses, where gout was not a lecture topic.
RESULTS: A total of 128 questionnaires were analyzed, of which the majority (67: 52.3%) were general practitioners. In the treatment of acute gout, 68.0% use non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 53.9% use selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs), 66.4% use colchicine and 10.2% use allopurinol (ALLO). In the treatment of chronic gout, 36.7% use NSAIDs, 44.5% use coxibs, 19.5% use colchicine and 93% use ALLO. In both acute and chronic gout, corticosteroids (CS) are not used by over 90% of respondents. Fifty percent would stop ALLO during an acute attack. 95.3% do not start ALLO during an acute attack; 87.5% would start ALLO after the attack, with a median of 14 days afterwards. Once ALLO was started, 54.7% would continue indefinitely. Regarding target urate levels while on treatment, 10.9% would be satisfied with a high normal range, 21.9% middle of the range, 18.0% low normal range and 45.3% anywhere within the normal range. Fifteen percent would treat asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
CONCLUSIONS: In Malaysia, anti-inflammatory agents are most commonly used for the treatment of acute and chronic gout, with corticosteroid usage at a low level. However, there are areas of concern regarding the diagnosis of gout and the usage of ALLO which are not consistent with current guidelines

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of tocotrienols in human plasma

Yap SP, Julianto T, Wong JW, Yuen KH

J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl, 1999 Dec 10;735(2):279-83.
PMID: 10670741

A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method using fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of vitamin E especially delta-, gamma- and alpha-tocotrienols in human plasma. The method entailed direct injection of plasma sample after deproteinization using a 3:2 mixture of acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran. The mobile phase comprised 0.5% (v/v) of distilled water in methanol. Analyses were run at a flow-rate of 1.5 ml/min with the detector operating at an excitation wavelength of 296 nm and emission wavelength of 330 nm. This method is specific and sensitive, with a quantification limit of approximately 40, 34 and 16 ng/ml for alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienol, respectively. The mean absolute recovery values were about 98% while the within-day and between-day relative standard deviation and percent error values of the assay method were all less than 12.0% for alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienol. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 40-2500, 30-4000 and 16-1000 ng/ml for alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienol, respectively. Application of the method in a bioavailability study for determination of the above compounds was also demonstrated.

Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values
Background concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis (Linnaeus) from Peninsular Malaysia

Yap CK, Ismail A, Tan SG

Mar Pollut Bull, 2003 Aug;46(8):1044-8.
PMID: 12907200
Matched MeSH terms: Reference Values

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