Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 24 in total

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  1. Integrating ethics, health policy and health systems in low- and middle-income countries: case studies from Malaysia and Pakistan
    Hyder AA, Merritt M, Ali J, Tran NT, Subramaniam K, Akhtar T
    Bull World Health Organ, 2008 Aug;86(8):606-11.
    PMID: 18797618
    Scientific progress is a significant basis for change in public-health policy and practice, but the field also invests in value-laden concepts and responds daily to sociopolitical, cultural and evaluative concerns. The concepts that drive much of public-health practice are shaped by the collective and individual mores that define social systems. This paper seeks to describe the ethics processes in play when public-health mechanisms are established in low- and middle-income countries, by focusing on two cases where ethics played a crucial role in producing positive institutional change in public-health policy. First, we introduce an overview of the relationship between ethics and public health; second, we provide a conceptual framework for the ethical analysis of health system events, noting how this approach might enhance the power of existing frameworks; and third, we demonstrate the interplay of these frameworks through the analysis of a programme to enhance road safety in Malaysia and an initiative to establish a national ethics committee in Pakistan. We conclude that, while ethics are gradually being integrated into public-health policy decisions in many developing health systems, ethical analysis is often implicit and undervalued. This paper highlights the need to analyse public-health decision-making from an ethical perspective.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Services Research/organization & administration
  2. Fulltext Researching social innovation: is the tail wagging the dog?
    Rhule ELM, Allotey PA
    Infect Dis Poverty, 2020 Jan 13;9(1):3.
    PMID: 31931879 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0616-7
    BACKGROUND: Social Innovation in health initiatives have the potential to address unmet community health needs. For sustainable change to occur, we need to understand how and why a given intervention is effective. Bringing together communities, innovators, researchers, and policy makers is a powerful way to address this knowledge gap but differing priorities and epistemological backgrounds can make collaboration challenging.

    MAIN TEXT: To overcome these barriers, stakeholders will need to design policies and work in ways that provide an enabling environment for innovative products and services. Inherently about people, the incorporation of community engagement approaches is necessary for both the development of social innovations and accompanying research methodologies. Whilst the 'appropriate' level of participation is linked to intended outcomes, researchers have a role to play in better understanding how to harness the power of community engagement and to ensure that community perspectives form part of the evidence base that informs policy and practice.

    CONCLUSIONS: To effectively operate at the intersection between policy, social innovation, and research, all collaborators need to enter the process with the mindset of learners, rather than experts. Methods - quantitative and qualitative - must be selected according to research questions. The fields of implementation research, community-based participatory research, and realist research, amongst others, have much to offer. So do other sectors, notably education and business. In all this, researchers must assume the mantel of responsibility for research and not transfer the onus to communities under the guise of participation. By leveraging the expertise and knowledge of different ecosystem actors, we can design responsive health systems that integrate innovative approaches in ways that are greater than the sum of their parts.

    Matched MeSH terms: Community-Based Participatory Research/organization & administration*
  3. Fulltext Towards an evaluation framework for Laboratory Information Systems
    Yusof MM, Arifin A
    J Infect Public Health, 2016 Nov-Dec;9(6):766-773.
    PMID: 27665060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2016.08.014
    INTRODUCTION: Laboratory testing and reporting are error-prone and redundant due to repeated, unnecessary requests and delayed or missed reactions to laboratory reports. Occurring errors may negatively affect the patient treatment process and clinical decision making. Evaluation on laboratory testing and Laboratory Information System (LIS) may explain the root cause to improve the testing process and enhance LIS in supporting the process. This paper discusses a new evaluation framework for LIS that encompasses the laboratory testing cycle and the socio-technical part of LIS.

    METHODOLOGY: Literature review on discourses, dimensions and evaluation methods of laboratory testing and LIS. A critical appraisal of the Total Testing Process (TTP) and the human, organization, technology-fit factors (HOT-fit) evaluation frameworks was undertaken in order to identify error incident, its contributing factors and preventive action pertinent to laboratory testing process and LIS.

    RESULT: A new evaluation framework for LIS using a comprehensive and socio-technical approach is outlined. Positive relationship between laboratory and clinical staff resulted in a smooth laboratory testing process, reduced errors and increased process efficiency whilst effective use of LIS streamlined the testing processes.

    CONCLUSION: The TTP-LIS framework could serve as an assessment as well as a problem-solving tool for the laboratory testing process and system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Services Research/organization & administration
  4. State of the science on postpartum depression: what nurse researchers have contributed-part 2
    Beck CT
    MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs, 2008 Mar-Jun;33(3):151-6; quiz 157-8.
    PMID: 18453904 DOI: 10.1097/01.NMC.0000318349.70364.1c
    This two-part series summarizes 141 postpartum depression studies that have been conducted by nurse researchers from around the globe. Studies contributing to the knowledge base of postpartum depression were conducted in the following nine countries: United States, Australia, Canada, China (Hong Kong, Taiwan), Finland, Iceland, Sweden, Turkey, and Malaysia. Part 1 of this series addressed the contributions of nurse researchers in the areas of epidemiology, risk factors, and transcultural perspectives related to postpartum depression. This article is Part 2, and it describes what nurse researchers have contributed to the following aspects of postpartum depression: instrumentation/screening, interventions, mother-infant interactions, family dynamics, breastfeeding, preterm births, biological factors, clinicians' knowledge, and mothers' use of health services.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nursing Research/organization & administration*
  5. Fulltext Investigation of comparative effectiveness research in Asia, Europe, and North America
    Patel I, Rarus R, Tan X, Lee EK, Guy J, Ahmad A, et al.
    Indian J Pharmacol, 2015;47(6):585-93.
    PMID: 26729947 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.169592
    Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is an important branch of pharmacoeconomics that systematically studies and evaluates the cost-effectiveness of medical interventions. CER plays instrumental roles in guiding government public health policy programs and insurance. Countries throughout the world use different methods of CER to help make medical decisions based on providing optimal therapy at a reduced cost. Expenses to the healthcare system continue to rise, and CER is one-way in which expenses could be curbed in the future by applying cost-effectiveness evidence to clinical decisions. China, India, South Korea, and the United Kingdom are of essential focus because these country's economies and health care expenses continue to expand. The structures and use of CER are diverse throughout these countries, and each is of prime importance. By conducting this thorough comparison of CER in different nations, strategies and organizational setups from different countries can be applied to help guide public health and medical decision-making in order to continue to expand the establishment and role of CER programs. The patient-centered medical home has been created to help reduce costs in the primary care sector and to help improve the effectiveness of therapy. Barriers to CER are also important as many stakeholders need to be able to work together to provide the best CER evidence. The advancement of CER in multiple countries throughout the world provides a possible way of reducing costs to the healthcare system in an age of expanding expenses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Comparative Effectiveness Research/organization & administration
  6. Malyasian biotechnology: the valley of ghosts
    Cyranoski D
    Nature, 2005 Aug 4;436(7051):620-1.
    PMID: 16079812
    Matched MeSH terms: Research/organization & administration
  7. Commentary regarding Severinsson E. discovering the value of research supervision. Nursing & Health Sciences 2010; 12: 400-401
    Das S
    Nurs Health Sci, 2011 Mar;13(1):9.
    PMID: 21392195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2011.00580.x
    Matched MeSH terms: Nursing Research/organization & administration*
  8. Universities in capacity building in sustainable development: focus on solid waste management and technology
    Agamuthu P, Hansen JA
    Waste Manag Res, 2007 Jun;25(3):241-6.
    PMID: 17612324
    This paper analyses some of the higher education and research capacity building experiences gained from 1998-2006 by Danish and Malaysian universities. The focus is on waste management, directly relating to both the environmental and socio-economic dimensions of sustainable development. Primary benefits, available as an educational legacy to universities, were obtained in terms of new and enhanced study curricula established on Problem-oriented Project-based Learning (POPBL) pedagogy, which strengthened academic environmental programmes at Malaysian and Danish universities. It involved more direct and mutually beneficial cooperation between academia and businesses in both countries. This kind of university reach-out is considered vital to development in all countries actively striving for global and sustainable development. Supplementary benefits were accrued for those involved directly in activities such as the 4 months of field studies, workshops, field courses and joint research projects. For students and academics, the gains have been new international dimensions in university curricula, enhanced career development and research collaboration based on realworld cases. It is suggested that the area of solid waste management offers opportunities for much needed capacity building in higher education and research, contributing to sustainable waste management on a global scale. Universities should be more actively involved in such educational, research and innovation programmes to make the necessary progress. ISWA can support capacity building activities by utilizing its resources--providing a lively platform for debate, securing dissemination of new knowledge, and furthering international networking beyond that which universities already do by themselves. A special challenge to ISWA may be to improve national and international professional networks between academia and business, thereby making education, research and innovation the key driving mechanisms in sustainable development in solid waste management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Services Research/organization & administration*
  9. MIRASS: medical informatics research activity support system using information mashup network
    Kiah ML, Zaidan BB, Zaidan AA, Nabi M, Ibraheem R
    J Med Syst, 2014 Apr;38(4):37.
    PMID: 24700079 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-014-0037-x
    The advancement of information technology has facilitated the automation and feasibility of online information sharing. The second generation of the World Wide Web (Web 2.0) enables the collaboration and sharing of online information through Web-serving applications. Data mashup, which is considered a Web 2.0 platform, plays an important role in information and communication technology applications. However, few ideas have been transformed into education and research domains, particularly in medical informatics. The creation of a friendly environment for medical informatics research requires the removal of certain obstacles in terms of search time, resource credibility, and search result accuracy. This paper considers three glitches that researchers encounter in medical informatics research; these glitches include the quality of papers obtained from scientific search engines (particularly, Web of Science and Science Direct), the quality of articles from the indices of these search engines, and the customizability and flexibility of these search engines. A customizable search engine for trusted resources of medical informatics was developed and implemented through data mashup. Results show that the proposed search engine improves the usability of scientific search engines for medical informatics. Pipe search engine was found to be more efficient than other engines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research/organization & administration*
  10. Fulltext Patient registries in Malaysia and the role of the Clinical Research Centre of the Ministry of Health
    Pillay MS, Noor Hisham A, Zaki Morad MZ, Lim TO, Jamaiyah H, Jaya Purany SP
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Sep;63 Suppl C:1-4.
    PMID: 19227669
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/organization & administration*
  11. Fulltext Asia Cohort Consortium: challenges for collaborative research
    Song M, Rolland B, Potter JD, Kang D
    J Epidemiol, 2012;22(4):287-90.
    PMID: 22672913 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20120024
    In this era of chronic diseases, large studies are essential in investigating genes, environment, and gene-environment interactions as disease causes, particularly when associations are important but not strong. Moreover, to allow expansion and generalization of the results, studies should be conducted in populations outside Western countries. Here, we briefly describe the Asia Cohort Consortium (ACC), a collaborative cancer cohort research project that was first proposed in 2004 and now involves more than 1 million healthy individuals across Asia. There are approximately 50 active members from Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, the United States, and elsewhere. To date, the work of the ACC includes 3 articles published in 2011 on the roles of body mass index, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption in mortality, diabetes, and cancer of the small intestine. Many challenges remain, including data harmonization, resolution of ethical and legal issues, establishment of protocols for biologic samples and transfer agreements, and funding procurement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/organization & administration*
  12. Issues and priorities of medical education research in Asia
    Majumder MA
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2004 Mar;33(2):257-63.
    PMID: 15098645
    This article addresses the roles, issues, approaches, rationale, pitfalls, priorities and balance of research in medical education, particularly its "disarray" status in Asia. Research in medical education has influenced education in many ways. Most importantly, it provides legitimate evidences to stakeholders on which to make educational decisions. It also has a wider social impact on teaching practice and subsequent clinical practice. However, in Asia, medical educational research has not substantially influenced educational policy and medical practices. Moreover, it fails to receive comparable attention as in developed countries. A number of constraints that have hampered the development of educational research in Asia are identified: low socio-economic condition of the region; cultural and religious values and beliefs of the people; lack of congruence between the mission and vision of medical schools; leadership crisis; lack of financial resources; inadequate exposure to medical educational research in undergraduate training; lack of collaboration and commitment; and unforeseeable short-term outcome of medical education. The article concludes with some specific recommendations to strengthen research and to create a research culture in the region, including active leadership and commitment of the institutes/organisations, careful assessment and strategic settings of the priorities of medical educational research, establishment of a regional centre for medical education research, availability of financial resources, wider dissemination of research findings, collaboration with the developed countries and initiative to publish regional-based medical education journals, including electronic journals. Appropriate research environment and culture will enable stakeholders to obtain evidence-based information from educational research to increase the relevance, quality, cost-effectiveness and equity of medical education and practice in Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research/organization & administration*
  13. Quality management in Malaysian public health care
    Manaf NH
    Int J Health Care Qual Assur Inc Leadersh Health Serv, 2005;18(2-3):204-16.
    PMID: 15974516
    The main aim of the study is to provide an empirical analysis of quality management practice among Malaysian Ministry of Health hospital employees, ranging from medical specialists to health attendants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Services Research/organization & administration
  14. Building a discovery partnership with Sarawak Biodiversity Centre: a gateway to access natural products from the rainforests
    Yeo TC, Naming M, Manurung R
    Comb Chem High Throughput Screen, 2014 Mar;17(3):192-200.
    PMID: 24409959
    The Sarawak Biodiversity Centre (SBC) is a state government agency which regulates research and promotes the sustainable use of biodiversity. It has a program on documentation of traditional knowledge (TK) and is well-equipped with facilities for natural product research. SBC maintains a Natural Product Library (NPL) consisting of local plant and microbial extracts for bioprospecting. The NPL is a core discovery platform for screening of bioactive compounds by researchers through a formal agreement with clear benefit sharing obligations. SBC aims to develop partnerships with leading institutions and the industries to explore the benefits of biodiversity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research/organization & administration*
  15. Science in Malaysia: Challenge for the world s oldest prime minister
    Meo SA
    J Pak Med Assoc, 2018 Oct;68(10):1427-1428.
    PMID: 30317335
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/organization & administration*
  16. Mind the gap in clinical trials: A participatory action analysis with citizen collaborators
    Price A, Liew SM, Kirkpatrick J, Price J, Lopreto T, Nelken Y
    J Eval Clin Pract, 2017 Feb;23(1):178-184.
    PMID: 27917564 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12678
    What are the strengths, gaps, expectations, and barriers to research engagement in clinical trials as communicated through social media? Clinical trials test treatments to provide reliable information for safety and effectiveness. Trials are building blocks in which what is learned in earlier research can be used to improve treatments, compare alternatives, and improve quality of life. For 20 years, the percentages of clinical trials volunteers have decreased whereas the costs of running clinical trials have multiplied. Participants enroll in trials to access latest treatments, to help others, and to advance science, but there is growing unrest. The priorities of those running the trials differ from those of the participants, and the roles for public research involvement lack clarity. Changes to bridge these gaps in the research culture are proposed through the use of participatory action research (PAR) in which stakeholders collaborate to improve research methodology, galvanize citizen participation, multiply health knowledge, problem-solve barriers to access, and explore the value of research volunteers as collaborators. PAR enabled the inclusion of citizens as full collaborators. Social media data were gathered for 120 days until saturation was reached. De-identified data were organized into a Strengths Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats framework and coded into themes for analysis. After the analysis, the authors prioritized potential solutions for improving research engagement. Strengths and opportunities remained constant through trial phases, disease burdens, and interventions. Threats included alienation, litigation, disparity, and shaming. Poor management and barriers to inclusion were identified as weaknesses. Opportunities included improving resource management and information quality. Barriers were minimized when relationships between staff and participants were inclusive, respectful, tolerant, and open to change. Participants' communications ranged from fulfillment through trial involvement to disparities and rights violations. PAR provides a safe space without power imbalances in which researchers and citizen worked as equals rather than as researchers and objects of research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Community-Based Participatory Research/organization & administration*
  17. Fulltext Strengthening Noncommunicable Disease Research Capacity and Chronic Disease Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in South Asia: Implementation and Evaluation of the ASCEND Program
    Byrnes A, Haregu TN, Pasricha N, Singh K, Thirunavukkarasu S, Wickkramasinghe K, et al.
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2019 Sep;31(6):536-547.
    PMID: 31409121 DOI: 10.1177/1010539519867791
    This article describes the design, outcomes, challenges, and lessons learned from the ASian Collaboration for Excellence in Non-Communicable Disease (ASCEND) program, implemented between 2011 and 2015 in India, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia. The program involved a blended-delivery model, incorporating online and face-to-face training, mentoring, and supervision of trainees' research projects. Evaluation data were collected at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Intended outcomes, lessons, and challenges were summarized using a logic model. During the program period, 48 participants were trained over 2 cohorts in June 2011 and 2012. The trainees published 83 peer-reviewed articles between 2011 and 2015. Additionally, 154 presentations were given by trainees at national and international conferences. Underutilization of the online learning management system was an important challenge. Utilizing a combination of intensive face-to-face and online learning and mentoring of early career researchers in low- and middle-income countries has great potential to enhance the research capacity, performance, and outputs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/organization & administration*
  18. Fulltext The Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS) clinical research network: what, where, why and how
    Doctor NE, Ahmad NS, Pek PP, Yap S, Ong ME
    Singapore Med J, 2017 07;58(7):456-458.
    PMID: 28741005 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2017057
    Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a global health concern with an incidence rate of 50-60 per 100,000 person-years. To improve OHCA survival rates, several cardiac arrest registries have been set up in North America and Europe, such as the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium, Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival, Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support and European Registry of Cardiac Arrest. In Asia, however, there was previously no concerted effort in prehospital emergency care research owing to differences in prehospital emergency medical services systems, data collection methods and outcome reporting between countries. Recognising the need for a collaborative prehospital emergency care research group in Asia, researchers from seven countries in the Asia-Pacific region (including Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates-Dubai, Singapore and Malaysia) established the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS) clinical research network in 2010. This paper gives the overview, methodology and research accomplishments of the PAROS network.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research/organization & administration
  19. Fulltext Joining forces to prevent dementia: The International Research Network On Dementia Prevention (IRNDP)
    Anstey KJ, Peters R, Clare L, Lautenschlager NT, Dodge HH, Barnes DE, et al.
    Int Psychogeriatr, 2017 11;29(11):1757-1760.
    PMID: 28899450 DOI: 10.1017/S1041610217001685
    Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder with global impact, with the largest proportion of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. It is estimated that there are 46.8 million cases globally with approximately 10 million new cases each year or a new case occurring every 3 sec (Prince et al., 2015). For comparison there are 36.7 million HIV cases with an estimated 2 million new cases each year (WHO, 2017). The rise in dementia prevalence is largely due to population ageing, with the oldest being at highest risk. To date there are no diseases modifying medications for Alzheimer's disease or the other causes of dementia. Academics and research groups are increasingly focused on prevention or delay of dementia (Brayne and Miller, 2017) and a number of organizations now prioritize dementia, indicating a strong and coherent international effort to address this problem. Examples include the World Health Organisation (WHO), which has established a Global Dementia Observatory; the World Dementia Council; the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); the U.S. National Alzheimer's Project Act (NAPA); and the Global Council on Brain Health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Services Research/organization & administration*
  20. Fulltext Setting research priorities for global respiratory medicine within the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Global Health Research Unit in Respiratory Health (RESPIRE)
    Rudan I, Agrawal D, Hussein N, Cheong AT, Cunningham S, Dockerell D, et al.
    J Glob Health, 2018 Dec;8(2):0201314.
    PMID: 30603076 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.08.020314
    Matched MeSH terms: Research/organization & administration*
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