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  1. Fulltext Oral hygiene practices among the visually impaired adolescents
    Azrina, A.N., Norzuliza, G., R. Saub, R.
    Ann Dent, 2007;14(1):1-6.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study was to gather information on the oral hygiene behaviour among the visually impaired adolescents. Interview and observation methods were used to collect data. A total of 114 visually impaired adolescents were interviewed and 10 of the interviewees were selected for observation on the actual oral hygiene practices. The mean age of the sample was 16 years old. The sample comprised of 53.5% female, majority were Malays (86.8%) and most of them were from the lower income group. Fifty four percent of the sample had low vision and 45.6% were blind. All of the participants reported that they brushed their teeth daily and most of them brushed twice a day or more. Flossing (6.1%) was not common practice among this group. It was observed that they encountered some difficulties, especially when putting the toothpaste on the toothbrush and also the way that they brushed their teeth could cause detrimental effect to the oral cavity. Thus, they need to be taught on proper oral hygiene care so that they can practice safe oral hygiene care and maintain their own oral health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low
  2. Prevalence of refractive error in malay primary school children in suburban area of Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
    Hashim SE, Tan HK, Wan-Hazabbah WH, Ibrahim M
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2008 Nov;37(11):940-6.
    PMID: 19082201
    INTRODUCTION: Refractive error remains one of the primary causes of visual impairment in children worldwide, and the prevalence of refractive error varies widely. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of refractive error and study the possible associated factors inducing refractive error among primary school children of Malay ethnicity in the suburban area of Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A school-based cross-sectional study was performed from January to July 2006 by random selection on Standard 1 to Standard 6 students of 10 primary schools in the Kota Bharu district. Visual acuity assessment was measured using logMAR ETDRS chart. Positive predictive value of uncorrected visual acuity equal or worse than 20/40, was used as a cut-off point for further evaluation by automated refraction and retinoscopic refraction.

    RESULTS: A total of 840 students were enumerated but only 705 were examined. The prevalence of uncorrected visual impairment was seen in 54 (7.7%) children. The main cause of the uncorrected visual impairment was refractive error which contributed to 90.7% of the total, and with 7.0% prevalence for the studied population. Myopia is the most common type of refractive error among children aged 6 to 12 years with prevalence of 5.4%, followed by hyperopia at 1.0% and astigmatism at 0.6%. A significant positive correlation was noted between myopia development with increasing age (P <0.005), more hours spent on reading books (P <0.005) and background history of siblings with glasses (P <0.005) and whose parents are of higher educational level (P <0.005). Malays in suburban Kelantan (5.4%) have the lowest prevalence of myopia compared with Malays in the metropolitan cities of Kuala Lumpur (9.2%) and Singapore (22.1%).

    CONCLUSION: The ethnicity-specific prevalence rate of myopia was the lowest among Malays in Kota Bharu, followed by Kuala Lumpur, and is the highest among Singaporean Malays. Better socio-economic factors could have contributed to higher myopia rates in the cities, since the genetic background of these ethnic Malays are similar.

    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low/etiology; Vision, Low/epidemiology; Vision, Low/physiopathology
  3. Severity of visual impairment and depression among elderly Malaysians
    Noran NH, Izzuna MG, Bulgiba AM, Mimiwati Z, Ayu SM
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2009 Jan;21(1):43-50.
    PMID: 19124335 DOI: 10.1177/1010539508327353
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between severity of visual impairment and depression among elderly Malaysians attending an eye clinic.
    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. The study population included patients, aged>or=60 years who attended the Eye Clinic in University Malaya Medical Centre. Exposure measurement was based on ophthalmologic examinations by an ophthalmologist. Data on outcome were measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale.
    RESULTS: After adjusting for important confounders, severity of visual impairment either having low vision or blind were independent risk factors of depression. The odds of developing depression among elderly with low vision were 2 times more than those with normal vision, and elderly who were blind had almost 5 times the odds to be depressed compared with those having normal vision.
    CONCLUSION: Findings from this study suggest a positive relationship between the severity of visual impairment and depression among elderly Malaysians.
    Study site: Eye Clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Device, Questionnaire & Scale: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15)
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low/ethnology; Vision, Low/psychology*
  4. Fulltext Mental health state and quality of life questionnaire in low vision assessment: a case report
    Omar R, Rahman MH, Knight VF, Mustaphal M, Mohammed Z
    BMC Res Notes, 2014;7:667.
    PMID: 25245590 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-667
    BACKGROUND: Vision impairment associated with diabetic retinopathy, is well known and low vision rehabilitation is always recommended. In this report, the importance of objective measure of mental health and quality of life screening in diabetic retinopathy low-vision assessment is discussed.
    CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 43-year-old Asian female who has mild vision impairment due to tractional retinal detachment secondary to diabetic retinopathy and how mental health screening and quality of life screening during low vision rehabilitation can improve in the management of this patient.
    CONCLUSION: Although vision impairment was mild, the psychological impact was enormous and affected her quality of life substantially. This case report illustrates that recognition of the mental health and quality of life impact on visual impairment is critical to the rehabilitation management of low vision patients with diabetic retinopathy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low/physiopathology*
  5. Fulltext Optimising technology to measure functional vision, mobility and service outcomes for people with low vision or blindness: protocol for a prospective cohort study in Australia and Malaysia
    Deverell L, Meyer D, Lau BT, Al Mahmud A, Sukunesan S, Bhowmik J, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2017 12 21;7(12):e018140.
    PMID: 29273657 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018140
    INTRODUCTION: Orientation and mobility (O&M) specialists assess the functional vision and O&M skills of people with mobility problems, usually relating to low vision or blindness. There are numerous O&M assessment checklists but no measures that reduce qualitative assessment data to a single comparable score suitable for assessing any O&M client, of any age or ability, in any location. Functional measures are needed internationally to align O&M assessment practices, guide referrals, profile O&M clients, plan appropriate services and evaluate outcomes from O&M programmes (eg, long cane training), assistive technology (eg, hazard sensors) and medical interventions (eg, retinal implants). This study aims to validate two new measures of functional performance vision-related outcomes in orientation and mobility (VROOM) and orientation and mobility outcomes (OMO) in the context of ordinary O&M assessments in Australia, with cultural comparisons in Malaysia, also developing phone apps and online training to streamline professional assessment practices.

    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This multiphase observational study will employ embedded mixed methods with a qualitative/quantitative priority: corating functional vision and O&M during social inquiry. Australian O&M agencies (n=15) provide the sampling frame. O&M specialists will use quota sampling to generate cross-sectional assessment data (n=400) before investigating selected cohorts in outcome studies. Cultural relevance of the VROOM and OMO tools will be investigated in Malaysia, where the tools will inform the design of assistive devices and evaluate prototypes. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch modelling, cluster analysis and analysis of variance will be undertaken along with descriptive analysis of measurement data. Qualitative findings will be used to interpret VROOM and OMO scores, filter statistically significant results, warrant their generalisability and identify additional relevant constructs that could also be measured.

    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval has been granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee at Swinburne University (SHR Project 2016/316). Dissemination of results will be via agency reports, journal articles and conference presentations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low/rehabilitation*
  6. Fulltext Prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity and refractive status in premature infants in Sabah Women and Children Hospital (SWACH)
    Linggam, Rachel Clarice, Mohammed Danial A. Razak, Israk Mohd Isa, Hanisah Abdul Hamid, Shuaibah Abdul Ghani
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;3(101):13-14.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Myopia has been regarded as an important cause of blindness and visual impairment by WHO. Due to higher incidence of myopia in a preterm baby with ROP, early detection and visual rehabilitation need to commence as soon as possible to give the children better quality of life and prevent blindness in this population. To determine the prevalence of ROP and refractive status in premature infants in Sabah Women and Children Hospital, Kota Kinabalu in 2018. To establish the relationship between low BW and GA with the presentation of ROP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low
  7. Fulltext Visual status and prevalence of refractive error among preschool children from amblyopia and vision impairment screening (AVIS) programme in Kota Kinabalu [Abstract]
    Linggam, Rachel Clarice, Arifah Nur Bt Yahya, Muhassanah Aliah Bt Baharum
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019;2(101):15-16.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Vision is an important requirement for learning and plays a critical role in the development of a child during the first three years of life. Little is known regarding the extent of visual impairment amongst preschool children in Sabah.
    Objective: To determine visual status among preschool children in Kota Kinabalu and to determine prevalence of refractive error among children who were referred by the programme.
    Methodology: A retrospective cohort study of clinical records was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah from May to September 2017. Criteria for failed vision were VA 6/12 (0.3 LogMar) or worse. All records of referred children were selected for prevalence of refractive error. Data collected include basic demographic data, visual acuity and refractive error. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≥−1.00 DS, hyperopia SE ≥+3.00 DS and astigmatism ≥−1.50 DC.
    Results: A total of 192 children age 4 to 6 years old were screened, comprised of 102 (53.1%) male and 90 (46.9%) female (mean age: 5.81 ± 0.41 years). Of the 192 students, 39 (20.3%) of them failed vision screening. Among the 39 children, only 17 children came for further eye assessment. Twelve (70.6%) of them had a binocular visual impairment (VI) while 5 (29.4%) children had monocular VI. Six years old children were found to have VI more compared to other age groups (n= 14, 82.4%) and majority of this age group having binocular VI (n=10, 83.3%). Mean SE was −0.60 ± 0.94. Astigmatism is the commonest type of refractive error found with a prevalence of 41.4% followed by myopia, 27.6%.
    Conclusion: This study was the first attempt to investigate the visual status among preschool in Kota Kinabalu. As most children were found with astigmatism, early detection of significant refractive error could help to minimize the effect of VI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low
  8. Fulltext Arteriovenous malformation in temporal lobe presenting as contralateral ocular symptoms mimicking carotid-cavernous fistula
    Mohd-Tahir F, Siti-Raihan I, Wan Hazabbah WH
    Case Rep Ophthalmol Med, 2013;2013:158961.
    PMID: 23533876 DOI: 10.1155/2013/158961
    Aim. To report a rare case of arteriovenous malformation in temporal lobe presenting as contralateral orbital symptoms mimicking carotid-cavernous fistula. Method. Interventional case report. Results. A 31-year-old Malay gentleman presented with 2-month history of painful progressive exophthalmos of his left eye associated with recurrent headache, diplopia, and reduced vision. Ocular examination revealed congestive nonpulsating 7 mm exophthalmos of the left eye with no restriction of movements in all direction. There was diplopia in left lateral gaze. Left IOP was elevated at 29 mmHg. Left eye retinal vessels were slightly dilated and tortuous. CT scan was performed and showed right temporal arteriovenous malformation with a nidus of 3.8 cm × 2.5 cm with right middle cerebral artery as feeding artery. There was dilated left superior ophthalmic vein of 0.9 mm in diameter with enlarged left cavernous sinus. MRA and carotid angiogram confirmed right temporal arteriovenous malformation with no carotid-cavernous fistula. Most of the intracranial drainage was via left cavernous sinus. His signs and symptoms dramatically improved following successful embolisation, completely resolved after one year. Conclusion. Intracranial arteriovenous malformation is rarely presented with primary ocular presentation. Early intervention would salvage the eyes and prevent patients from more disaster morbidity or fatality commonly due to intracranial haemorrhage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low
  9. Profile of a low vision clinic population
    Mohidin N, Yusoff S
    Clin Exp Optom, 2002 12 17;81(5):198-202.
    PMID: 12482319
    BACKGROUND: Causes of low vision and types of low vision devices (LVDs) prescribed in other low vision clinics have been studied extensively. Similar studies have not been conducted in Malaysia. This paper reports the results of a retrospective study of 573 patients seen at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia-Malaysian Association for the Blind (UKM-MAB) low vision clinic in Kuala Lumpur. METHODS: The record cards of 573 patients seen at the UKM-MAB clinic over 10 years were examined and the following information extracted: date of first consultation, age, sex, cause of visual impairment as diagnosed by an ophthalmologist and types of low vision devices (LVDs) prescribed. RESULTS: The majority of patients were from the younger age groups with 423 (73.8 per cent) less than 50 years of age. Three hundred and ninety-five (68.9 per cent) of the subjects were males and 178 (31.1 per cent) female. The main causes of low vision were congenital structural defects including nystagmus among patients in the zero to 29 years age group, retinitis pigmentosa among the 30 to 59 years age group and age-related macular degeneration (ARM) among those over 60 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Since the majority of the patients were from the younger age group the main causes of low vision were congenital and hereditary diseases. Three hundred and forty-one (59.5 per cent) patients seen at the low vision clinic accepted the use of LVDs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low
  10. Visual Presentation and Factors Affecting Visual Outcome in Children with Craniopharyngioma in East Coast States of Peninsular Malaysia: A Five-year Review
    Mohd-Ilham IM, Ahmad-Kamal GR, Wan Hitam WH, Shatriah I
    Cureus, 2019 Apr 08;11(4):e4407.
    PMID: 31205829 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4407
    Purpose To describe the visual presentation and factors affecting visual outcome in pediatric patients treated for craniopharyngioma at a referral center in the East Coast states of Peninsular Malaysia. Methodology A retrospective review of medical records of children aged 17 years and below who had been treated for craniopharyngioma in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 2014 to December 2018. The data collected included age, gender, presenting symptoms and duration, visual acuity, visual fields, color vision, light brightness, relative afferent pupillary defects, fundus examination and cranial nerves examination. The best corrected visual acuity during presentation, and after a one-year post-operative period, was documented. Records on investigations, surgical procedures, therapeutic modalities and recurrences were also reviewed. Results A total of 11 pediatric patients (22 eyes) were recruited. Fifty percent presented with optic atrophy. The mean duration of the onset of symptoms before consultation was 22.3 (24.5) months. A final best corrected visual acuity of 6/12 (20/40) or better was observed in 50% of the patients. There was a statistically significant association between presenting visual acuity, optic nerve function and visual field defects, and the final visual outcome. Conclusions Visual presentations in our study were fairly similar to previous reported studies. One-third presented late with permanent visual loss. Almost half had significant visual impairment after one-year post-operative period. Significant associations were observed between presenting visual acuity, duration of symptoms, impairment of optic nerve function tests, and visual field defects during presentation, and final visual acuity at one year after treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low
  11. Use of technology by orientation and mobility professionals in Australia and Malaysia before COVID-19
    Deverell L, Bhowmik J, Lau BT, Al Mahmud A, Sukunesan S, Islam FMA, et al.
    Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol, 2020 Jul 09.
    PMID: 32643468 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2020.1785565
    PURPOSE: Orientation and Mobility (O&M) professionals teach people with low vision or blindness to use specialist assistive technologies to support confident travel, but many O&M clients now prefer a smartphone. This study aimed to investigate what technology O&M professionals in Australia and Malaysia have, use, like, and want to support their client work, to inform the development of O&M technologies and build capacity in the international O&M profession.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A technology survey was completed by professionals (n = 36) attending O&M workshops in Malaysia. A revised survey was completed online by O&M specialists (n = 31) primarily in Australia. Qualitative data about technology use came from conferences, workshops and interviews with O&M professionals. Descriptive statistics were analysed together with free-text data.

    RESULTS: Limited awareness of apps used by clients, unaffordability of devices, and inadequate technology training discouraged many O&M professionals from employing existing technologies in client programmes or for broader professional purposes. Professionals needed to learn smartphone accessibility features and travel-related apps, and ways to use technology during O&M client programmes, initial professional training, ongoing professional development and research.

    CONCLUSIONS: Smartphones are now integral to travel with low vision or blindness and early-adopter O&M clients are the travel tech-experts. O&M professionals need better initial training and then regular upskilling in mainstream O&M technologies to expand clients' travel choices. COVID-19 has created an imperative for technology laggards to upskill for O&M tele-practice. O&M technology could support comprehensive O&M specialist training and practice in Malaysia, to better serve O&M clients with complex needs.Implications for rehabilitationMost orientation and mobility (O&M) clients are travelling with a smartphone, so O&M specialists need to be abreast of mainstream technologies, accessibility features and apps used by clients for orientation, mobility, visual efficiency and social engagement.O&M specialists who are technology laggards need human-guided support to develop confidence in using travel technologies, and O&M clients are the experts. COVID-19 has created an imperative to learn skills for O&M tele-practice.Affordability is a significant barrier to O&M professionals and clients accessing specialist travel technologies in Malaysia, and to O&M professionals upgrading technology in Australia.Comprehensive training for O&M specialists is needed in Malaysia to meet the travel needs of clients with low vision or blindness who also have physical, cognitive, sensory or mental health complications.

    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low
  12. Fulltext Childhood blindness and severe visual impairment in Malaysia: a nationwide study
    Patel DK, Tajunisah I, Gilbert C, Subrayan V
    Eye (Lond), 2011 Apr;25(4):436-42.
    PMID: 21350565 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2011.19
    To determine the causes of childhood blindness and severe visual impairment (BL/SVI) in schools for the blind in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low/etiology*
  13. Fulltext Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma presenting as orbital cellulitis
    Zuhaimy H, Aziz HA, Vasudevan S, Hui Hui S
    GMS Ophthalmol Cases, 2017;7:Doc04.
    PMID: 28194321 DOI: 10.3205/oc000055
    Objective: To report an aggressive case of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) of the ethmoid sinus presenting as orbital cellulitis Method: Case report Results: A 56-year-old male presented with right eye redness, reduced vision, and periorbital swelling for 5 weeks duration associated with a two-month history of blocked nose. The visual acuity of the right eye was 6/18. The eye was proptosed with periorbital oedema and conjunctival chemosis. The pupil was mid-dilated but there was no relative afferent pupillary defect. The fundus was normal. The extraocular movements were restricted in all directions of gaze. Nasal endoscopy revealed pansinusitis that corresponded with CT scan orbit and paranasal sinuses findings. Despite treatment, he showed no clinical improvement. Ethmoidal sinus biopsies performed revealed extranodal NKTCL. Further imaging showed involvement of the right orbital contents and its adnexa with intracranial extension into the right cavernous sinus and meninges over right temporal fossa. The patient underwent chemotherapy. However he succumbed to his illness two months after the diagnosis. Conclusion: Extranodal NKTCL is a great mimicker. This case demonstrated how an acute initial presentation of extranodal NKTCL can present as orbital cellulitis with pansinusitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low
  14. Fulltext Posterior capsule rupture-causes, associations and outcomes: eight year analysis in a Malaysian General Hospital
    Thevi T, Zin MM
    International Eye Science, 2016;16:600-606.
    AIM: To see the causative factors, associations and outcomes of posterior capsule rupture (PCR). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was done of all patients with PCR from 2007 to 2014 in Melaka Hospital. Associations between ocular comorbidities, lens related complications, surgeon grade, type of cataract surgery, whether done alone or in combination, with the occurrences of PCR were studied. The final visual outcome of cases with PCR was studied. RESULTS: PCR was the commonest intraoperative complication (n=623, 4.8%) among 12 846 patients. Ocular comorbidities and status of the lens did not cause PCR. Experience and seniority of surgeons were significantly associated with PCR. Medical officers had more PCRs than gazetting specialists (P=0.0000), who inturn had more PCRs than specialists (P=0.000). Each type of cataract surgery done was also significantly associated with PCR-phacoemulsification (phaco), phaco convert to extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) (P=0.000), lens aspiration (P=0.020), and ECCE (P=0.003). Specialists got good outcomes compared to trainees without PCR occurring (P=0.001) and also with PCR occurring (P=0.013). However, no difference was observed in the occurrence of PCR in complicated cases between specialists and trainees. Vision was compromised mainly by astigmatism following PCR. Impaired vision (P=0.000) and poor vision (P=0.000) were more than good vision. Poor vision was more in PCR compared to other complications.(P=0.000). CONCLUSION: PCR occurs in all types of cataract surgeries and is the main intraoperative complication causing poor vision. Good outcomes were significantly more when specialists got PCR compared to trainees. Junior surgeons should practice in wet labs and be given more cases. Copyright 2016 by the IJO Press.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low
  15. Fulltext Distribution of Refractive Errors among Healthy Infants and Young Children between the Age of 6 to 36 Months in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia-A Pilot Study
    Yahya AN, Sharanjeet-Kaur S, Akhir SM
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 11 27;16(23).
    PMID: 31783494 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234730
    Uncorrected refractive error, especially myopia, in young children can cause permanent visual impairment in later life. However, data on the normative development of refractive error in this age group is limited, especially in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of refractive error in a sample of infants and young children between the ages of 6 to 36 months in a prospective, cross-sectional study. Cycloplegic retinoscopy was conducted on both eyes of 151 children of mean age 18.09 ± 7.95 months. Mean spherical equivalent refractive error for the right and left eyes was +0.85 ± 0.97D and +0.86 ± 0.98D, respectively. The highest prevalence of refractive error was astigmatism (26%), followed by hyperopia (12.7%), myopia (1.3%) and anisometropia (0.7%). There was a reduction of hyperopic refractive error with increasing age. Myopia was seen to emerge at age 24 months. In conclusion, the prevalence of astigmatism and hyperopia in infants and young children was high, but that of myopia and anisometropia was low. There was a significant reduction in hyperopic refractive error towards emmetropia with increasing age. It is recommended that vision screening be conducted early to correct significant refractive error that may cause disruption to clear vision.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low
  16. Fulltext Topical cyclosporin as an alternative treatment for vision threatening blepharokeratoconjunctivitis: a case report
    Ismail AS, Taharin R, Embong Z
    Int Med Case Rep J, 2012;5:33-7.
    PMID: 23754920 DOI: 10.2147/IMCRJ.S29960
    Here, a case of vision threatening blepharokeratoconjunctivitis that responded well to topical cyclosporin is reported. A 9-year-old Malay girl with a history of bilateral blepharokeratoconjunctivitis was regularly treated with lid scrubbing using diluted baby shampoo, fusidic acid gel, and topical steroids as well as an intermittent course of oral doxycycline for the past year. She developed acute onset bilateral eye redness associated with poor vision in her right eye. Both eyes showed marked diffuse hyperemic conjunctiva with corneal vascularization. The presence of corneal vascularization obscured the visual axis in the right eye. The condition did not improve with regular intensive lid hygiene using diluted baby shampoo, fusidic acid gel, and topical steroids. She was started on topical cyclosporin A 0.5% every 6 hours. There was a dramatic regression of corneal vascularization after 3 days on topical cyclosporin, with marked improvement in visual acuity. This is a single case in which cyclosporin improved the status of the ocular surface. A large cohort study is required to justify its effectiveness in treating blepharokeratoconjunctivitis and to test its potential as an alternative immunosuppressive agent in comparison to conventional corticosteroids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low
  17. Independent impact of area-level socioeconomic measures on visual impairment
    Zheng Y, Lamoureux E, Finkelstein E, Wu R, Lavanya R, Chua D, et al.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011;52(12):8799-805.
    PMID: 21969296 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-7700
    It is known that a person's socioeconomic status (SES; individual-level SES) is closely correlated with his or her degree of visual impairment. Whether there is an independent relationship between area-level measures of SES (e.g., living in a lower SES environment) and visual impairment is unclear. This study describes the associations of area-level SES with visual impairment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low/diagnosis*; Vision, Low/epidemiology*
  18. Prevalence and causes of functional low vision in school-age children: results from standardized population surveys in Asia, Africa, and Latin America
    Gilbert CE, Ellwein LB, Refractive Error Study in Children Study Group
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2008 Mar;49(3):877-81.
    PMID: 18326706 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-0973
    Data on the prevalence and causes of functional low vision (FLV) in adults and children are lacking but are important for planning low-vision services. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and causes of FLV among children recruited in eight population-based prevalence surveys of visual impairment and refractive error from six countries (India [2 locations]; China [2 locations]; Malaysia, Chile, Nepal, and South Africa).
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low/etiology*; Vision, Low/epidemiology*
  19. Impact of glaucoma severity and laterality on vision-specific functioning: the Singapore Malay eye study
    Chan EW, Chiang PP, Wong TY, Saw SM, Loon SC, Aung T, et al.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2013 Feb;54(2):1169-75.
    PMID: 23341009 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10258
    We determined the impact of glaucoma severity and laterality on vision-specific functioning (VF) in an Asian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low/diagnosis; Vision, Low/ethnology; Vision, Low/physiopathology
  20. Fulltext Sudden visual loss in acute leukaemia
    Tengku Kamalden, T.A., Nurliza, K., Haris, A.R.
    JUMMEC, 2008;11(1):30-32.
    MyJurnal
    The presenting signs of acute leukaemia occur as a result of bone marrow failure and organ infiltration. Increased bleeding tendencies are seen on the skin, gums and mucosal lining. Bleeding in the posterior segment of the eye, namely the retina and vitreous, may occur, but do not usually cause any visual disturbances. This case demonstrates visual loss as a result of premacular subhyaloid haemorrhage in acute leukaemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vision, Low
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