MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was performed. Primary maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth of 1,800 children aged between 2 years and 6 years, who attended 20 pre-schools in National Capital Region Delhi, India, were examined by a single examiner, and a questionnaire was filled in person by the parent/guardian. Andreasen's classification was used to classify the traumatic injuries. The Chi-square test was used to statistically analyze the variation in traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) with age and gender. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the influence of independent variables on the occurrence of TDIs.
RESULTS: The prevalence of TDIs was 17%. Significant and highly significant differences were found between boys and girls for cause and location of trauma (p < 0.05) and tooth type involved (p < 0.001) with boys being more prone to such injuries. The commonest cause of injury was due to falls and the location was playground. The teeth most commonly affected were the maxillary central incisors (36.9%) followed by maxillary lateral incisors (3.3%), and the least affected were the maxillary and mandibular canines (0.3%).
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth in 2- to 6-year-old children in National Capital Region of Delhi, India, was 17%. There is a need to run educational programs to increase parents' awareness of the risks of dental trauma and emphasize preventive measures.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Parents should be made aware of the widespread prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of trauma to primary dentition, so that they can seek appropriate care timely. The time elapsed between injury and dental care is of utmost importance.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the existing evidence on dental proportion to evaluate the existence of RED proportions in the esthetic smile in different geographic regions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search was conducted by reviewing different databases. The focused question was "Does RED proportion exist in esthetically pleasing smiles in different populations around the world?" The search included articles with a combination of MeSH keywords based on dental proportion from January 2000 to July 2020. The titles and abstracts were identified by using a search protocol. Full text of the articles was independently evaluated. The systematic review was modified to summarize the relevant data. The general characteristics, outcomes, and quality of studies were reviewed and analyzed systematically.
RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected from the reviewed articles. Three studies were conducted in Europe, 10 in South Asia, and 4 in Western Asia. Eleven studies found that the mean perceived ratio of anterior teeth was not constant when progressing distally. Five studies reported that the ratio was constant in a small percentage of their populations, and 1 suggested that the ratio was constant if it remains between 60% and 80%. The central-to-LI and Ca-to-LI proportion values were not constant. Overall, the Ca-to-LI proportion values were higher than the central-to-LI proportions.
CONCLUSIONS: RED proportions were not found in the successive widths of maxillary anterior teeth among the reviewed data from different geographic regions. RED proportions are not the only standard for restoring esthetic smiles worldwide, and anterior tooth proportions differ among populations based on their race and ethnicity.
Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze predominant types of lip prints (cheiloscopy), accuracy of mandibular canine index (MCI) (odontometric), and facial index in the study population and to identify whether any correlation among the above parameters could help forensic dentistry in solving crimes.
Materials and Methods: A pilot study was conducted in 100 individuals, 50 males and 50 females aged between 20 and 25 years. For each individual, the lip prints, MCI, and facial index measurements were recorded on the same day analyzed by two observers. All the analysis was done using SPSS version 14 assessed using t-test and Chi-square test.
Results: Type II pattern of lip prints is observed as common pattern among male and female. There is no significant difference in Odontometric analysis. The mean value of facial index analysis in both genders shows highly significant.
Conclusion: A large-scale study is required in order to validate our results to arrive at definitive results and value.