Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 59 in total

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  1. Nair AB, Chaturvedi J, Venkatasubbareddy MB, Correa M, Rajan N, Sawkar A
    Malays J Med Sci, 2011 Jul;18(3):75-8.
    PMID: 22135605
    Respiratory fungal infections are usually found in immunocompromised individuals who have received either long-term steroid therapy or broad-spectrum anti-microbial therapy or have a non-resolving underlying chronic disease. These infections are seen as a part of bronchopulmonary fungal infections, and their isolated and primary occurrence as laryngeal diseases is highly uncommon. Laryngeal fungal infections can also mimic various diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, granulomatous diseases, leukoplakia, and carcinoma, thereby misleading the treating team from correct diagnosis and management. It is therefore important to identify the lesion at the earliest point possible to avoid morbid or life-threatening consequences. We report a case of isolated laryngeal candidiasis in an immunocompetent Indian male with an unusual presentation mimicking laryngeal carcinoma. The clinical and histological features are highlighted with a review of relevant literature to demonstrate the possibility of such an isolated fungal lesion, even in an immunocompetent individual.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux
  2. Gwee KA, Lee YY, Suzuki H, Ghoshal UC, Holtmann G, Bai T, et al.
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2023 Feb;38(2):197-209.
    PMID: 36321167 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16046
    Contemporary systems for the diagnosis and management gastrointestinal symptoms not attributable to organic diseases (Functional GI Disorders, FGID, now renamed Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction, DGBI) seek to categorize patients into narrowly defined symptom-based sub-classes to enable targeted treatment of patient cohorts with similar underlying putative pathophysiology. However, an overlap of symptom categories frequently occurs and has a negative impact on treatment outcomes. There is a lack of guidance on their management. An Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) working group was set up to develop clinical practice guidelines for management of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) who have an overlap with another functional gastrointestinal disorder: FD with gastroesophageal reflux (FD-GERD), epigastric pain syndrome with irritable bowel syndrome (EPS-IBS), postprandial distress syndrome with IBS (PDS-IBS), and FD-Constipation. We identified putative pathophysiology to provide a basis for treatment recommendations. A management algorithm is presented to guide primary and secondary care clinicians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux*
  3. Visayaragawan N, Selvarajah N, Apparau H, Kamaru Ambu V
    Med J Malaysia, 2017 08;72(4):248-249.
    PMID: 28889139 MyJurnal
    The diagnostic challenge of Bohring-Opitz Syndrome, a rare genetic disorder has haunted clinicians for ages. Our patient was born at term via caesarean-section with a birth weight of 1.95 kilograms. She had mild laryngomalacia, gastroesophageal reflux disease and seizures. Physical signs included microcephaly, hemangioma, low set ears, cleft palate, micrognatia and the typical BOS posture. Chromosomal analysis showed 46 xx -Bohring-Opitz Syndrome overlapped with C- syndrome. Goal-directed holistic care with integration of parent/carer training was started very early. She succumbed to a Respiratory- Syncitial-Virus and Pseudomonas pneumonia complicated with sepsis at the age of two years and 11 months.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux/etiology
  4. Osland E, Yunus RM, Khan S, Memon B, Memon MA
    Obes Surg, 2017 May;27(5):1208-1221.
    PMID: 27896647 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2469-5
    PURPOSE: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy (LVSG) have been proposed as cost-effective strategies to manage obesity-related chronic disease. The aim of this systematic review was to study the peer review literature regarding postoperative nondiabetic comorbid disease resolution or improvement reported from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LVSG and LRYGB procedures.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: RCTs comparing postoperative comorbid disease resolution such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, joint and musculoskeletal conditions, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and menstrual irregularities following LVSG and LRYGB were included for analysis. The studies were selected from PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Science Citation Index, Current Contents, and the Cochrane database and reported on at least one comorbidity resolution or improvement. The present work was undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The Jadad method for assessment of methodological quality was applied to the included studies.

    RESULTS: Six RCTs performed between 2005 and 2015 involving a total of 695 patients (LVSG n = 347, LRYGB n = 348) reported on the resolution or improvement of comorbid disease following LVSG and LRYGB procedures. Both bariatric procedures provide effective and almost comparable results in improving or resolving these comorbidities.

    CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review of RCTs suggests that both LVSG and LRYGB are effective in resolving or improving preoperative nondiabetic comorbid diseases in obese patients. While results are not conclusive at this time, LRYGB may provide superior results compared to LVSG in mediating the remission and/or improvement in some conditions such as dyslipidemia and arthritis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications; Gastroesophageal Reflux/surgery
  5. Loo GH, Rajan R, Deva Tata M, Ritza Kosai N
    Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2020 Jul;55:252-255.
    PMID: 32528674 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.05.018
    Background: Gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a spectrum of symptoms arising from the laxity of the cardio-oesophageal junction. Anti-reflux surgery is reserved for patients with refractory GERD. Anterior partial fundoplication (Dor) is a regularly performed anti-reflux surgery in Malaysia. We intend to determine the improvement in disease-specific quality of life in our patients after surgery.

    Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted to assess patients' improvement in disease-specific quality of life after Dor fundoplication. Ethics approval was obtained from our institutional review board. Patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years who underwent Dor fundoplication within the past five years were assessed using the GERD HRQL as well as the VISICK score via telephone interview. We excluded cases of revision surgery.

    Results: Out of 129 patients screened, 55 patients were included. We found a significant improvement in patients' GERD HRQL score with the pre-operative mean score of 28.3 ± 9.39 and 6.55 ± 8.52 post-operatively, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux
  6. Tan HJ, Goh KL
    J Dig Dis, 2008 Nov;9(4):186-9.
    PMID: 18959588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2008.00344.x
    As in developed societies, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori has declined rapidly in Asia. This has been shown in both seroprevalence-based and endoscopy-based studies. While the decline in the incidence of gastric cancer has now been observed, a decrease in peptic ulcer disease has not been so clearly evident. This apparent paradox can be explained by an increase in non-H. pylori associated ulcers - such as those related to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or idiopathic ulcers. The increase of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Asia has been widely observed and commented on and its relationship to the decline in H. pylori speculated upon. However there have been few conclusive studies from Asia on this subject. While the improved diagnosis and elimination of H. pylori has contributed to its decline, a more basic change involving large segments of the Asian population must be responsible. An improvement in hygiene and living conditions that results from more affluent Asian societies is thought to be a possible cause.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology*
  7. Goh KL
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2004 Sep;19 Suppl 3:S22-5.
    PMID: 15324378
    Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disease in the West, which now appears to be also increasing in prevalence in the Asian Pacific region. The reasons for this changing epidemiology are two-fold: an increased awareness among doctors and patients, and/or a true increase in the prevalence of the disease. Prevalence rates of reflux esophagitis (RE) of up to 16% and prevalence of GERD symptoms of up to 9% have been reported in the Asian population. However, the frequency of strictures and Barrett's esophagus remain very low. Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) appears to be the most common form of GERD among Asian patients accounting for 50-70% of cases with GERD. Among Asian patients differences can also be discerned among different ethnic groups. For example, in Malaysia where a multiracial society exists, RE is significantly more common among Indians compared to Chinese and Malays whereas NERD is more frequently seen in the Indian and Malays compared to the Chinese. The reasons for these differences are not known but may indicate both genetic factors and environmental factors peculiar to the particular racial group. GERD has also been increasing in the region demonstrating a time-lag phenomenon compared to the West. Differing predisposition to GERD among different ethnic groups would mean that such an increase would be more prominent among certain racial groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology*
  8. Vadivelu S, Ma ZF, Ong EW, Hassan N, Nik Hassan NFH, Syed Abdul Aziz SH, et al.
    Dig Dis, 2019;37(2):100-107.
    PMID: 30384376 DOI: 10.1159/000494386
    BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GERDQ) and Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia Questionnaire (QOLRAD) are reliable tools for evaluation of GERD.

    AIM: We aimed to test validity and reliability of Malay language translations of GERDQ and QOLRAD in a primary care setting.

    METHODS: The questionnaires were first translated into the Malay language (GERDQ-M and QOLRAD-M). Patients from primary care clinics with suspected GERD were recruited to complete GERDQ-M, QOLRAD-M, and Malay-translated 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36 or SF-36-M), and underwent endoscopy and 24-h pH-impedance test.

    RESULTS: A total of 104 (mean age 47.1 years, women 51.9%) participants were enrolled. The sensitivity and specificity for GERDQ-M cut-off score ≥8 were 90.2 and 77.4%, respectively. Based on this cut-off score, 54.7% had a high probability of GERD diagnosis. GERD-M score ≥8 vs. < 8 was associated with erosive esophagitis (p < 0.001), hiatus hernia (p = 0.03), greater DeMeester score (p = 0.001), and Zerbib scores for acid refluxes (p < 0.001) but not non-acid refluxes (p = 0.1). Mean total scores of QOLRAD-M and SF-36-M were correlated (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). GERDQ-M ≥8, erosive esophagitis, and DeMeester ≥14.72 were associated with impaired QOLRAD-M in all domains (all p < 0.02) but this was not seen with SF-36.

    CONCLUSIONS: GERDQ-M and QOLRAD-M are valid and reliable tools applicable in a primary care setting.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis*
  9. Bonavina L, Fisichella PM, Gavini S, Lee YY, Tatum RP
    Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2020 12;1481(1):117-126.
    PMID: 32266986 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14350
    In symptomatic young patients with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, early identification of progressive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is critical to prevent long-term complications associated with hiatal hernia, increased esophageal acid and nonacid exposure, release of proinflammatory cytokines, and development of intestinal metaplasia, endoscopically visible Barrett's esophagus, and dysplasia leading to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Progression of GERD may occur in asymptomatic patients and in those under continuous acid-suppressive medication. The long-term side effects of proton-pump inhibitors, chemopreventive agents, and radiofrequency ablation are contentious. In patients with early-stage disease, when the lower esophageal sphincter function is still preserved and before endoscopically visible Barrett's esophagus develops, novel laparoscopic procedures, such as magnetic and electric sphincter augmentation, may have a greater role than conventional surgical therapy. A multidisciplinary approach to GERD by a dedicated team of gastroenterologists and surgeons might impact the patients' lifestyle, the therapeutic choices, and the course of the disease. Biological markers are needed to precisely assess the risk of disease progression and to tailor surveillance, ablation, and management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux
  10. Abdul Kadir NP, Ma ZF, Abdul Hafidz MI, Annamalai C, Jayaraman T, Hamid N, et al.
    Front Med (Lausanne), 2021;8:605647.
    PMID: 33659261 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.605647
    Background: Non-cardiac chest pain is common with two-thirds due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of guided vs. empirical therapy in non-cardiac chest pain. Methods: Adults with normal angiogram or stress test were randomized into either a guided or empirical group. In the guided group, after the ambulatory pH-impedance test, if GERD then dexlansoprazole 30 mg/day for 8 weeks, but if functional or hypersensitive chest pain, then theophylline SR 250 mg/day for 4 weeks. In the empirical group, dexlansoprazole 60 mg/day was given for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was global chest pain visual analog score (VAS) and secondary outcomes were Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia (QOLRAD), GERD questionnaire (GERDQ), and pH parameters, all determined at baseline, 2nd and 8th weeks. Results: Of 200 screened patients, 132 were excluded, and of 68 randomized per-protocol, 33 were in the guided group and 35 in the empirical group. For between-group analysis, mean global pain scores were better with guided vs. empirical group at 8th week (P = 0.005) but not GERDQ or QOLRAD or any of pH measures (all P > 0.05). For within-group analysis, mean QOLRAD improved earliest at 8th week vs. baseline (P = 0.006) in the guided group and 2nd week vs. baseline (P = 0.011) in the empirical group but no differences were seen in other secondary outcomes (P > 0.05). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Guided approach may be preferred over short-term empirical therapy in symptom response, however QOLRAD, acid-related symptoms, or pH measures are not significantly different (trial registration ID no. NCT03319121).
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux
  11. Mohd Nor H, Harun NA
    Case Rep Dent, 2018;2018:3230983.
    PMID: 30647975 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3230983
    The prevalence of dental erosion among children and adolescents is trending higher in recent decades and is becoming a major concern. Dental erosion can be caused by either extrinsic or intrinsic acids or both. One of the established aetiological factors for dental erosion by intrinsic acid is the gastrooesophageal reflux disease. The degree of dental erosions may be influenced by any medical conditions that cause a reduction in salivary flow such as the salivary gland excision, autoimmune disease, radiation to the head and neck regions, and medications. If left untreated, the dental erosion can cause dentine hypersensitivity, loss of occlusal vertical height, and aesthetic problems. For effective management of dental erosion, the aetiology of each case must be determined, and its detection at an early stage is of prime importance. This case report illustrates the conservative management of dental erosion in two adolescent patients presented with their medical conditions and behaviour issues. The aim of the treatments was to preserve the vitality of the affected teeth. The treatments were successfully completed using a conservative approach, with the patients' medical conditions taken into consideration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux
  12. Suwantika AA, Kautsar AP, Zakiyah N, Abdulah R, Boersma C, Postma MJ
    Ther Clin Risk Manag, 2020;16:969-977.
    PMID: 33116546 DOI: 10.2147/TCRM.S260377
    Background: The annual gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) per capita of Indonesia ($24) remains relatively lower than the annual GERD per capita of neighboring countries, such as Vietnam ($36), Singapore ($1804), Malaysia ($361), and Thailand ($111).

    Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of spending on healthcare R&D to address the needs of developing innovative therapeutic products in Indonesia.

    Methods: A decision tree model was developed by taking into account four stages of R&D: stage 1 from raw concept to feasibility, stage 2 from feasibility to development, stage 3 from development to early commercialization, and stage 4 from early to full commercialization. Considering a 3-year time horizon, a stage-dependent success rate was applied and analyses were conducted from a business perspective. Two scenarios were compared by assuming the government of Indonesia would increase GERD in health and medical sciences up to 2- and 3-times higher than the baseline (current situation) for the first and second scenario, respectively. Cost per number of innovative products in health and medical sciences was considered as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Univariate sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of different input parameters on the ICER.

    Results: There was a statistically significant association (P-value<0.05) between countries' GERD in medical and health sciences with the number of innovative products. We estimated the ICER would be $8.50 million and $2.04 million per innovative product for the first and second scenario, respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed that the success rates in all stages and total GERD were the most influential parameters impacting the ICER.

    Conclusion: The result showed that there was an association between GERD in medical and health sciences with the number of innovative products. In addition, the second scenario would be more cost-effective than the first scenario.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux
  13. Lee YY, McColl KE
    Dis Esophagus, 2015 May-Jun;28(4):318-25.
    PMID: 24575877 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12202
    Obesity is a major reason for the recent increase in incidence of reflux disease and cancers at the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (GOJ) and is mediated through a rise in the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) but the exact mechanisms are unclear. Raised IAP from obesity and with application of waist belt produces mechanical distortion of the GOJ through formation of partial hiatus hernia. Even though there is no trans-sphincteric acid reflux, there is increased ingress of acid into the lower sphincter (intra-sphincteric reflux) as a consequence of raised IAP. In addition, short segment acid reflux is more evident in obese subjects with a belt on. Acid pocket is also enlarged in hiatus hernia, and acts as a reservoir of acid available to reflux whenever the sphincter fails. Above mechanisms may explain the common occurrence of cardiac lengthening and inflammation found in asymptomatic obese subjects. The inflamed cardia is also immunohistochemically similar to non-intestinal Barrett's mucosa, which is of etiological importance for cancers at the GOJ. Interventions that can reduce the mechanical distortion and acid exposure at the GOJ, including diet, exercise, drugs, sphincter augmentation therapy, and surgery, are clinically relevant in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease but more data are needed whether if these strategies are also effective in preventing cancer. As a conclusion, raised IAP produces silent mechanical disruption of the GOJ, which may explain the high occurrence of cancers in this region and it is potentially reversible with early interventions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux/etiology*
  14. Christodoulidou, M., Kosai, N.R., Rajan, R., Hassan, S., Dac, S., Sutton, P.A., et al.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Laparoscopic fundoplication is performed for the management of symptomatic hiatus hernias and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) refractory to medical therapy. We adopted the use of Gore Bio-A® for selected laparoscopic hiatus hernia repairs in 2011 and with this case series aimed to establish whether mesh augmentation affects symptomatic outcomes. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data from all laparoscopic fundoplications performed by a single surgeon between October 2011 and January 2013 was performed. Patient specific data were entered into a proforma and analysed using Microsoft ExcelTM. Patient reported outcomes were assessed with a system specific quality of life questionnaire (GORD-HRQL) both pre and post-operatively. Results: Twenty-three patients underwent laparoscopic fundoplication during the study period. Gore Bio-A® re-enforcement of the hiatal repair was used in 14 patients and was the preferred option for those with pre-operative evidence of a large hiatus hernia. Whilst overall there was a statistically significant difference between pre and post-operative scores (21 vs 0, p=
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux
  15. Tham SY, Rogers IM, Samuel KF, Singh A, Ong KK
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Jun;67(3):284-8.
    PMID: 23082418 MyJurnal
    Premature neonates of very low birth weight (VLBW) whose treatment required the use of naso-gastric tube feeding were investigated. 10 infants suspected of having GERD (gastroesophageal reflux) received oral lansoprazole therapy by tube administration. 9 other infants formed a control group. In the treated group a fasting pH was determined before treatment and again after 7 days treatment. The control group was similarly assessed at an interval of 7 days. Despite acid reduction, the post-treatment pH mean of 1.31 would continue to pose a threat to the esophageal mucosa. The physiology of neonatal acid secretion is discussed to explain these findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux/drug therapy*; Gastroesophageal Reflux/physiopathology
  16. Zou D, Goh KL
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017 Jun;32(6):1152-1159.
    PMID: 28024166 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13712
    Both proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and clopidogrel are widely prescribed in the Asia-Pacific population. PPIs are the mainstay therapeutic agents for prophylaxis against aspirin gastropathy and for acid-related disorders including gastroesophageal reflux disease. They are also co-prescribed with oral anticoagulant agents and with dual-antiplatelet therapy for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding. Clopidogrel belongs to the drug class of thienopyridines and is currently the most widely prescribed oral anticoagulant agent either alone or in combination with aspirin. Platelet inhibition by clopidogrel is prone to significant inter-individual variability and is believed to be affected by several factors such as genetics and drug-drug interactions. Since it was first reported in 2009, the potential for drug-drug interactions between PPIs and clopidogrel has remained headline news, and its significance in clinical practice is the subject of an ongoing debate. For East Asian patients in particular, the clinical relevance of the interaction between PPIs and clopidogrel remains unclear because of conflicting data, as well as underrepresentation of East Asian subjects in landmark trials. Increased CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms in individuals from Asia-Pacific countries only fuel the confusion. Recent studies in East Asian cohorts suggests that the potential of PPIs to attenuate the efficacy of clopidogrel could be minimized by the use of newer PPIs with weaker affinity for the CYP2C19 isoenzyme, namely, pantoprazole, dexlansoprazole, and rabeprazole. This review aims to help clinicians choose the most appropriate PPI for co-prescription with clopidogrel in patients from Asia-Pacific countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux/drug therapy; Gastroesophageal Reflux/prevention & control
  17. Lee LH, Gao X, Sun G
    Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2023;13:1339579.
    PMID: 38094747 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1339579
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux*
  18. Ma ZF, Deraman MA, Coyle C, Lee YY
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2020 07;52(2):398-399.
    PMID: 32592257 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15835
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux*
  19. Goh KL, Benamouzig R, Sander P, Schwan T, EMANCIPATE
    Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2007 Mar;19(3):205-11.
    PMID: 17301646
    To compare the efficacy and tolerability of pantoprazole 20 mg once daily with that of esomeprazole 20 mg once daily for 6 months as maintenance therapy in patients with previously healed gastroesophageal reflux disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux/drug therapy; Gastroesophageal Reflux/microbiology; Gastroesophageal Reflux/prevention & control*
  20. Rogers BD, Rengarajan A, Abrahao L, Bhatia S, Bor S, Carlson DA, et al.
    Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2021 06;33(6):e14009.
    PMID: 33094875 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14009
    BACKGROUND: Esophagogastric junction contractile integral (EGJ-CI) and EGJ morphology are high-resolution manometry (HRM) metrics that assess EGJ barrier function. Normative data standardized across world regions and HRM manufacturers are limited.

    METHODS: Our aim was to determine normative EGJ metrics in a large international cohort of healthy volunteers undergoing HRM (Medtronic, Laborie, and Diversatek software) acquired from 16 countries in four world regions. EGJ-CI was calculated by the same two investigators using a distal contractile integral-like measurement across the EGJ for three respiratory cycles and corrected for respiration (mm Hg cm), using manufacturer-specific software tools. EGJ morphology was designated according to Chicago Classification v3.0. Median EGJ-CI values were calculated across age, genders, HRM systems, and regions.

    RESULTS: Of 484 studies (28.0 years, 56.2% F, 60.7% Medtronic studies, 26.0% Laborie, and 13.2% Diversatek), EGJ morphology was type 1 in 97.1%. Median EGJ-CI was similar between Medtronic (37.0 mm Hg cm, IQR 23.6-53.7 mm Hg cm) and Diversatek (34.9 mm Hg cm, IQR 22.1-56.1 mm Hg cm, P = 0.87), but was significantly higher using Laborie equipment (56.5 mm Hg cm, IQR 35.0-75.3 mm Hg cm, P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Gastroesophageal Reflux/physiopathology
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