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Mosquito-borne hemorrhagic fever. A case presenting for dental treatment

Rudnick A, Lucas JK

Br Dent J, 1966 Jan 18;120(2):86-8.
PMID: 5216394
Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases/etiology*
Mucous cell metaplasia in a fibrous epulis epithelium

Ramanathan K

Dent J Malaysia Singapore, 1970 May;10(1):35-8.
PMID: 5271012
Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases
Multiple external root resorption

Yusof WZ, Ghazali MN

J Am Dent Assoc, 1989 Apr;118(4):453-5.
PMID: 2708724

Presented is an unusual case of multiple external root resorption. Although the cause of this resorption was not determined, several possibilities are presented. Trauma from occlusion, periodontal and pulpal inflammation, and resorption of idiopathic origin are all discussed as possible causes.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases/complications
Dental abrasion pattern in a selected group of Malaysians

Yaacob HB, Park AW

J Nihon Univ Sch Dent, 1990 Sep;32(3):175-80.
PMID: 2230960

Among 350 inhabitants of two villages, 31 (8.9%) cleaned their teeth using table salt and charcoal applied to their forefinger or a Melastoma brush. As a result, all had distinct forms of abrasion cavity on the labial surfaces of their teeth. All of the above three agents are highly abrasive and injurious to both the hard and soft oral tissues. This dying practice is only popular among a very small number of persons in the older age group, and should be discouraged.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases/etiology
Peripheral fibroma/fibrous epulis with and without calcifications. A clinical evaluation of 204 cases in Singapore

Zain RB, Fei YJ

Odontostomatol Trop, 1990 Sep;13(3):94-6.
PMID: 2075149

Peripheral fibroma/fibrous epulis accounts for the great majority of localised gingival swellings as was substantiated by various reports in the literature. A study was undertaken to investigate the clinical features of a series of 204 localised fibrous gingival swellings received by the Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Oral Surgery, National University of Singapore. The female patients were more affected than the male patients and the lesions occurred predominantly among the Chinese. The lesions were mainly pedunculated and most commonly occurred in anterior maxilla. The recurrence rate was about 10.3%. In conclusion the results obtained in this study were overall in agreement with those of other authors.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases
Fibrous lesions of the gingiva: a histopathologic analysis of 204 cases

Zain RB, Fei YJ

Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol., 1990 Oct;70(4):466-70.
PMID: 2120653

Two hundred four cases of fibrous lesions of the gingiva were studied histologically for the presence of calcified tissue, the nature of the connective tissue, the type of keratinization, and the degree of epithelial thickness. Initially these lesions were subcategorized into four specific entities, namely fibrous epulis, fibroepithelial polyp, calcifying fibroblastic granuloma, and ossifying fibrous epulis. It was found that 46.5% of the lesions contained calcifications. The connective tissue was represented predominantly by either the collagenous type (50.5%) or the mixed (cellular and collagenous) type (44.6%). It was also found that 36% of the lesions were ulcerated, and, of these, 79.5% were associated with the cellular type of connective tissue and calcifications. In an attempt to subcategorize the fibrous lesions into specific entities, it was found that 32 cases (15.7%) had mixed features. This fact supports the suggestion that these lesions are stages in the spectrum of a single disease process and should collectively be termed fibroblastic gingival lesions. However, it is also suggested that the two terms, namely peripheral fibroma and fibrous epulis with and without ossification, should be retained whereas the usage of other terminologies should be avoided.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases/classification; Gingival Diseases/pathology*
Fulltext Association between smoking and periodontal disease: a review of the literature

Ramli J, Taiyeb Ali TB

Ann Dent, 1999;6(1):21-6.
MyJurnal

The role of smoking as a contributory factor in the progression of the periodontal disease process has long been suspected and recently a large number of studies have been published in the dental literature regarding this possible role. Much of the literature has also indicated that smokers affected with periodontitis respond less favorably to periodontal treatment be it non-surgical, surgical and regenerative. This paper will review the current literature regarding the effects of smoking on various aspects of the periodontal disease process and present an explanation for the possible association between smoking and the progression of periodontitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases
Fulltext Oral myiasis : case report

Ramli R, Abd Rahman R

Malays J Med Sci, 2002 Jul;9(2):47-50.
PMID: 22844224

Myiasis occurs when living tissues of mammals are invaded by eggs or larvae of flies, mainly from the order of Diptera. Most of the previousty reported cases are in the tropics and they were usually associated with inadequate personal hygiene, sometimes with poor manual dexterity. This report describes two cases of oral myiasis in cerebral palsy patients in Seremban General Hospital, Malaysia. This article also discusses the therapeutic property of maggots and highlights the importance of oral health care in the special needs patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases
Nitric oxide production by murine spleen cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Sosroseno W, Herminajeng E, Susilowati H, Budiarti S

Anaerobe, 2002 Dec;8(6):333-9.
PMID: 16887678

The aim of this study was to determine whether Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans) could induce murine spleen cells to produce nitric oxide (NO). Spleen cells derived from Balb/c mice were stimulated with LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans or LPS from Escherichia coli for 4 days. The effects of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), polymyxin B, and cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4) on the production of NO were also assessed. The NO production from the carrageenan-treated spleen cells stimulated with LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans or both LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans and IFN-gamma was determined. The carrageenan-treated mice were transferred with splenic macrophages and the NO production was assessed from the spleen cells stimulated with LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans or LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans and IFN-gamma. The results showed that NO production was detectable in the cultures of spleen cells stimulated with LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans in a dose-dependent fashion, but was lower than in the cells stimulated with LPS from E. coli. The NO production was blocked by NMMA and polymyxin B. IFN-gamma up-regulated but IL-4 suppressed the production of NO by the spleen cells stimulated with LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans. The carrageenan-treated spleen cells failed to produce NO after stimulation with LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans or both LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans and IFN-gamma. Adoptive transfer of splenic macrophages to the carrageenan-treated mice could restore the ability of the spleen cells to produce NO. The results of the present study suggest that LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans under the regulatory control of cytokines induces murine spleen cells to produce NO and that splenic macrophages are the cellular source of the NO production. Therefore, these results may support the view that NO production by LPS-A. actinomycetemcomitans-stimulated macrophages may play a role in the course of periodontal diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases
Fulltext Oral health awareness and status among Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia first year dental students

Zamirah Zainal Abidin, Shahida Mohd Said, Irma Shida Abu Samah, Mohd Yufi Ariandi Mohd Yusoff

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2005;3(1):1-16.
MyJurnal

The oral health awareness and status among the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia first year dental students were studied. Seventy-three subjects underwent two components of assessment: questionnaire assessing oral health awareness and behaviour, and clinical examination of oral health status. Indices used including Plaque, Calculus, Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN) and total score of Decayed, Missing, Filled and teeth indicated for Extraction (DMFX[T]). More than 90% of the subjects were reported to brush their teeth twice or more daily and used supplemental cleaning tools. They also knew the importance of healthy oral condition, the various causes and prevention of tooth decay and gum diseases. Although 70.3% felt they need dental treatment, the majority (81.9%) visited the dentist only when they feel it is necessary to do so. Clinical examination showed low scores of 0.99 and 0.40 for mean plaque and calculus indices, respectively, while 80.8% of the subjects have mild calculus accumulation. Code 2 of the CPITN Index was the highest (70.3%) among the subjects. The total DMFX was 291, with mean score of 0.14 per subject and the decayed component was the highest (D=186 teeth). These findings suggest that the subjects have acceptable oral health awareness, and also good existing oral health status.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases
Enhancement of fluoride release from glass ionomer cement following a coating of silver fluoride

Ariffin Z, Ngo H, McIntyre J

Aust Dent J, 2006 Dec;51(4):328-32.
PMID: 17256308

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the extent to which a coating of 10% silver fluoride (AgF) on discs of glass jonomer cements (GIGs) would enhance the release of fluoride ion into eluting solutions at varying pH.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty discs each of Fuji LX, Fuji VII and of Vitrebond were prepared in a plastic mould. Twenty discs of each material were coated for 30 seconds with a 10% solution of AgF. Five discs each of coated and uncoated material were placed individually in 4m1 of differing eluant solutions. The eluant solutions comprised deionized distilled water (DDW) and three separate acetate buffered solutions at pH 7, pH 5 and pH 3. After 30 minutes the discs were removed and placed in five vials containing 4m1 of the various solutions for a further 30 minutes. This was repeated for further intervals of time up to 216 hours, and all eluant solutions were stored. Fluoride concentrations in the eluant solutions were estimated using a fluoride specific electrode, with TISAB IV as a metal ion complexing and ionic concentration adjustment agent. Cumulative fluoride release patterns were determined from the incremental data.
RESULTS: The coating of AgF greatly enhanced the level of fluoride ion release from all materials tested. Of the uncoated samples, Vitrehond released the greater concentrations of fluoride ion, followed by Fuji VII. However, cumulative levels of fluoride released from coated samples of the GICs almost matched those from coated Vitrebond.
CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that a coating of 10% AgF on GICs and a resin modified GIC greatly enhanced the concentration of fluoride released from these materials. This finding might be applied to improving protection against recurrent caries, particularly in high caries risk patients, and in the atraumatic restorative technique (ART) of restoration placement.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases/etiology; Gingival Diseases/prevention & control
Fulltext The prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in a healthy Malay population in Malaysia

Zahari, N.M., Ismail, R., Bunyarit, S.S., Shafiei, Z., Al Rawenduzy, K.C.M.A.

Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(1):45-50.
MyJurnal

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is considered a major pathogen in periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans from 46 subjects aged 20-24 years old of who were all periodontally healthy Malays.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases
Fulltext A 5-year survey of oral and maxillofacial biopsies in Hospital Kota Bharu and Universti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan: 1994-1998

Ghazali, N., Zain, R.B., Samsudin, A.R., Abdul Rahman, R., Othman, N.H.

Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(2):83-91.
MyJurnal

A review of incident oral and maxillofacial biopsies in Kelantan from January 1994 to December 1998 was carried out to evaluate the scope of pathological lesions managed by the two main oral and maxillofacial units in this state. A total of 357 biopsy reports from incident cases of pathological lesions were reviewed. The biopsies were mainly from intra-oral sites (n=326, 91.3%). Females had more frequent oro-facial lesions compared with males (male:female ratio is 0.8:1). The Bumiputera ethnic group had the most number of biopsies (n=321; 90%). The three most commonly observed histopathological groups were the connective tissue hyperplasia (n=90; 25.2%), epithelial dysplasia and neoplasia (n=68; 19%) and salivary gland cysts/mucocele (n=56; 15.7%). The top five most frequent diagnoses were mucocele (n=56; 15.7%), squamous cell carcinoma (n=45; 12.6%), epulides (n=31; 8.7%), pyogenic granuloma (n=25; 7.0%) and fibroepithelial polyp (n=19; 5.3%). Oro-facial malignancies made up almost one-fifth of all diagnoses and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common sub-type. Lymphomas in the oro-facial region (n=8; 11.4%) were more common than basal cell carcinoma (n=7; 10%) and salivary gland malignancies (n=6; 8.5%). Epithelial jaw cysts consisted of 8.7% (n=31) of all diagnoses, where inflammatory types were more common than the developmental types. Odontogenic tumours consisted of 5.6% (n=20) of all diagnoses and ameloblastoma was the predominant type.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases
Fulltext What expert says … periodontal abscess

Norhidayah, Khamiza

Malaysian Dental Journal, 2008;29(2):154-157.
MyJurnal

Abscess of the periodontium is a localized purulent inflammation of the periodontal tissues1. It has been classified into three categories which are gingival abscess, periodontal abscess and pericoronal abscess. A periodontal abscess can be defined as a localized purulent infection affecting the tissues surrounding a periodontal pocket that can lead to the destruction of supporting structures4 including tortuous periodontal pockets, furcation involvement, and intrabony defects. The lesion may be acute or chronic abscess. A localized acute abscess may progress to a chronic abscess if the pus drains through a fistula into the outer gingival surface or into the periodontal pocket. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases
Fulltext Periodontal disease as the initial oral manifestation of langerhans cell histiocytosis - a case report

Ahmad AR, Ismail SM, Zain RB, Mohamad Zaini Z

Ann Dent, 2009;16(1):31-36.
MyJurnal

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) refers to a group of lesions presenting with a spectrum of clinical. features but sharing similar histology. These lesions are rare and treatment has been quite variable with current treatment protocol recommended being dependent on whether it is a unifocal or multi focal bone disease or a multi focal multisystem disease. However, the clinical presentations of LCH are variable and the decision to place into the appropriate clinical types may sometimes be masked by the non-discovery of all the lesions. In the oral maxillofacial area, the clinical features of these lesions may further pose a problem by nondescript manifestations as dental/periodontal/oral mucosal disorders. These oral findings may sometimes lead to inappropriate choice of treatment and delay in the diagnosis of all the lesions involved. This paper describes one such case where LCH manifest itself as a periodontal disease thus leading to delay in identifying all the sites involved and consequently a delay in id~ntifying the appropriate clinical type.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases
Fulltext Dental knowledge and self-reported oral care practices among medical, pharmacy and nursing students

Tuti Ningseh Mohd-Dom, Shahida Mohd Said, Zamirah Zainal Abidin

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2009;7(1):13-23.
MyJurnal

A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the level of dental knowledge among senior medical, pharmacy and nursing students of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, and to determine self-reported practices of oral care. Students were invited to complete a set of questionnaires on knowledge related to causes, prevention, signs and treatment of dental caries and periodontal disease; and practices related to oral hygiene and dental visits. A total of 206 questionnaire forms were distributed. 204 forms were returned complete (response rate = 99%). Dental knowledge scores ranged from 0 (no correct answer given) to 16 (gave all correct answers). The mean knowledge scores between the groups were statistically different (p < 0.05): pharmacy students scored highest (mean = 12.29, 95% CI 11.44, 13.14) followed by the medical students (mean = 12.02, 95% CI 11.33, 12.71) and nursing students (mean = 10.83, 95% CI 10.40, 11.26). Areas that had lowest knowledge scores were signs and treatment of gum disease. With regard to oral care practices, majority cited that they brushed teeth at least twice a day (94.6%) and used toothbrush and toothpaste (97.5%). Not many (21.8%) used dental floss and about half (54.2%) reported visiting the dentist more than twelve months ago. Reasons for dental visits included getting check-ups (64.6%), restorations (45.6%) and emergency care such as extractions (24.0%). In general students had at least a moderate level of dental knowledge but demonstrated poor knowledge in some areas. While most reported good oral hygiene habits, behaviour related to dental visits need to be improved. Findings suggest a need for inclusion of oral health education in the medical, pharmacy and nursing curriculum.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases
Fulltext Dental Students’ Knowledge and Perception of Elderly in Relation to Geriatric Dentistry Training

Medicine & Health, 2009;4(2):76-83.
MyJurnal

Dental students need to be equipped with skills, knowledge and positive attitudes while providing dental care to the elderly. Reports from Ministry of Health alaysia indicatedthat the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease was high among older people in the country. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and perception of final year dental students towards the elderly in relation to training of geriatric dentistry in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia edical Centre (UKMMC). All the final year dental students were required to complete a questionnaire that comprised of 3 sections: 1) Palmore’s Facts on Aging Quiz II, 2) Oral health and social concerns of patients, and 3) Perception towards the teaching of geriatric dentistry. A total of 83 students participated in the study. Twenty-four per cent (n=20) scored more than 70% to questions on knowledge about older people and 73% (n=61) scored between 50 -700%. The students had ranked physical disability, transportation problems andcomplex and overlapping priorities as reasons for elderly not keeping to their appointments. Majority of the students reported that lack of educational resourcematerials and very minimum clinical sites experience were the main barriers facedduring the course. In conclusion, majority of the students had moderate to goodknowledge about older people and were able to recognize issues of social oncerns that can influence their oral health. In general, there were not many changes in the perceived competencies of managing older patients following the geriatric module.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases
Fulltext Perceived knowledge and awareness of periodontal health amongst ante-natal mothers

Nurul Asyikin, Y., Nor Shaida, A., Nur Amirah, Z.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2010;16(2):57-65.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Physiological changes in the oral cavity and dental-related complications may occur during pregnancy. These intraoral changes that occur during pregnancy combined with lack of routine dental check-ups and delays in treatment for oral disease, place pregnant women at higher risk for dental infections. The objectives of this study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of pregnant women on periodontal disease and its effect on pregnancy, to investigate the relationship of their knowledge and awareness with level of education and the barriers of oral healthcare utilization among pregnant women.
Methodology: A self-administered questionnaire with an introductory letter and consent form were given to pregnant women who came for their routine maternity check-up at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Kuala Lumpur Hospital. Data entry and analysis was done using Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12.
Result: Ninety-two pregnant women responded to the questionnaire. Only 23.9% answered correctly to the question on what is plaque. However, 45.7% knew that plaque can cause gum disease and a majority of the respondents 72.8% also knew that bleeding gum is an indication to inflamed gums. The result shows that, although 59.8% of the respondents were aware that it is necessary to brush their teeth frequently during pregnancy, only less than half of the respondents (44.6%) were aware that dental plaque and poor plaque control may cause periodontal disease among pregnant women. The majority (33.7%) feels that the long waiting time in the clinic would be their main barrier in seeking dental treatment.
Conclusion: A majority of pregnant women have limited knowledge and poor awareness on periodontal disease and its effect on pregnancy.

Study site: Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Kuala Lumpur Hospital

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases
Fulltext Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia in advanced chronic periodontitis patients.

Vaithilingam, R.D., Taiyeb-Ali, T.B., Yusuf, R.

Ann Dent, 2010;17(1):1-8.
MyJurnal

This cross-sectional study was carried out to identify A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. intermedia in the subgingival plaque of three ethnic groups (Malays, Chinese and Indians) in a selected group of adult Malaysians with advanced Chronic Periodontitis and to correlate these findings with their periodontal status. Thirty periodontally diseased adults were age, gender and ethnically matched with 30 healthy individuals. Clinical parameters were assessed for all. Subgingival plaque samples were collected for identification of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. intermedia using polymerase chain reaction. Prevalence for P. intermedia (83.3%) was high and A. actinomycetemcomitans
(6.7%) low in the total subject population. P. intermedia and A. actinomycetemcomitans were more
prevalent in diseased (86.7%, 10% respectively) than in healthy (80%, 3.33% respectively) subjects. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in 15% Indians, 5% Malays but none of the Chinese subjects whereas P. intermedia was detected in 90% Malays, 85% Indians and 75% Chinese subjects. No significant association between presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans
and P. intermedia with race and periodontal disease status was found. Only A. actinomycetemcomitans had a significant association with clinical attachment level (CAL) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in this small subject group, none of the pathogens were associated with race and periodontal disease status and only A. actinomycetemcomitans had a significant association with CAL.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases
Fulltext Periodontal status and provision of periodontal services in Malaysia: trends and way forward

Tuti Ningseh Mohd-Dom, Khairiyah Abdul-Muttalib, Rasidah Ayob, Yaw, Siew Lan, Ahmad Sharifuddin Mohd-Asadi, Mohd Rizal Abdul-Manaf, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2013;13(2):38-47.
MyJurnal

The paucity of published literature on periodontal treatment needs and services in developing countries has undermined the significance of periodontal disease burden on healthcare systems. This study analyses periodontal status and population treatment needs of Malaysians, and patterns of periodontal services provided at public sector dental clinics. A retrospective approach to secondary data analysis was employed. Data for population treatment needs were extracted from three decennial national oral health surveys for adults (1990, 2000 and 2010). Annual reports from the dental subsystem of the government Health Information Management System (HIMS) provided information on oral health care delivery for years 2006-2010. They were based on summaries of aggregated data; analyses were limited to reporting absolute numbers and frequency distributions. Periodontal disease prevalence declined between 1990 (92.8%) to 2000 (87.2%) but a sharp rise was observed in the 2010 survey (94.0%). The proportion of participants demonstrating periodontal pockets of 6 mm and more increased in 2010 survey after showing improvements in 2000. Individuals not requiring periodontal treatment (TN0) increased in proportion from 1990 to 2000, only to drop in 2010. An increase in utilisation was observed alongside a growing uptake of periodontal procedures (62.2% in 2006 to 73.6% in 2010). Only about 10% of treatment was surgeries. While the clinical burden of periodontal disease is observed to be substantial, the types of treatment provided did not reflect the increasing needs for complex periodontal treatment. Emphasis on downstream and multi-collaborative efforts of oral health care is deemed fit to contain the burden of periodontal disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Diseases

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