Displaying publications 181 - 200 of 392 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Major depressive disorder patients on antidepressant treatments display higher number of regulatory T cells
    Mohd Ashari NS, Mohamed Sanusi SNF, Mohd Yasin MA, Che Hussin CM, Wong KK, Shafei MN
    Malays J Pathol, 2019 Aug;41(2):169-176.
    PMID: 31427552
    INTRODUCTION: Regulatory T cell (Treg) is a subtype of T lymphocyte that plays a crucial role in establishing immunologic self-tolerance and maintaining immune homeostasis. In this study, we set out to investigate the percentage and absolute count of Tregs in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and their correlation with disease severity.

    MATERIALS & METHODS: This is a case-control study consisting of 47 MDD patients and 47 healthy controls. MDD patients were treated with antidepressant drugs according to their physician's choice. The severity of MDD was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) at the time of recruitment. Healthy controls completed the Depression Anxiety Scoring System (DASS21) questionnaire to ensure they were in good mental health without history of MDD. The percentage and absolute count of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs and CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Tregs were identified by multiparameter flow cytometry.

    RESULTS: The percentage and absolute count of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells were significantly higher in MDD patients than in healthy controls (P<0.001, in both cases). Likewise, the percentage and absolute count of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells were also significantly higher in MDD patients compared to healthy controls (P=0.003 and P=0.002, respectively). However, there was no significant correlation between the percentage and absolute count of CD4+ CD25+ Treg and CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells with BDI or MADRS score.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that antidepressant treatments contributed to an upregulation of Tregs in MDD patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
  2. Fulltext Cancer-Derived Exosomes as Effectors of Key Inflammation-Related Players
    Othman N, Jamal R, Abu N
    Front Immunol, 2019;10:2103.
    PMID: 31555295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02103
    Exosomes, a category of small lipid bilayer extracellular vesicles that are naturally secreted by many cells (both healthy and diseased), carry cargo made up of proteins, lipids, DNAs, and RNAs; all of which are functional when transferred to their recipient cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated the powerful role that exosomes play in the mediation of cell-to-cell communication to induce a pro-tumoral environment to encourage tumor progression and survival. Recently, considerable interest has developed in regard to the role that exosomes play in immunity; with studies demonstrating the ability of exosomes to either metabolically alter immune players such as dendritic cells, T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the function of exosomes in regulating a key process that has long been associated with the progression of cancer-inflammation and immunity.
    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes
  3. Prognostic factors and nomogram for survival prediction in patients with primary pulmonary lymphoma: a SEER population-based study
    Low SK, Zayan AH, Istanbuly O, Nguyen Tran MD, Ebied A, Mohamed Tawfik G, et al.
    Leuk Lymphoma, 2019 12;60(14):3406-3416.
    PMID: 31322026 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1633636
    Primary pulmonary lymphomas (PPLs) are rare lymphoproliferative malignancies arising from the lungs. The prognostic factors and optimal management of PPL have not been clearly defined due to its rarity. This study sought to characterize the significant prognostic factors and develop a validated nomogram for individualized prediction of survival outcomes in patients with PPL. A total of 2325 patients diagnosed with PPL between 1983 and 2010 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Older age at diagnosis, males, Hispanic race, non-marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue histology, Ann Arbor stage IV were significantly associated with worse OS on multivariable analysis. All treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy were independent predictors of survival on univariable analysis. The nomogram built demonstrated good discriminative ability and calibration, with the C-index of 0.690 and 0.730 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: B-Lymphocytes
  4. Efficacy of ex vivo activated and expanded natural killer cells and T lymphocytes for colorectal cancer patients
    Subramani B, Pullai CR, Krishnan K, Sugadan SD, Deng X, Hiroshi T, et al.
    Biomed Rep, 2014 Jul;2(4):505-508.
    PMID: 24944796
    Immune cell-based therapies using natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells are under constant scrutiny, with the aim to design an effective and reduced-toxicity therapy, which will benefit patients via improved quality of life and improved prognosis. Four patients with stage IV colon cancer were administered 1, 3, 5 and 6 effector cell intravenous infusions, respectively. Peripheral blood was collected from the patients and the ex vivo activation and expansion of NK and T cells was performed in Good Manufacturing Practice-certified clean rooms for ~12-15 days. Immunophenotypic analysis of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and expanded NK and T cells was conducted using flow cytometry and the patients were followed up. On average, 4.8×107 initial PBMCs and 2.7×109 total expanded cells were obtained. The intravenous infusions of the expanded cells were not accompanied by adverse reactions. Improved prognosis, reflected by a considerable decrease in the cancer markers, accompanied by an improved quality of life in the patients were observed. In conclusion, potential strategies are currently under development for the large-scale production of effectors cells; therefore, autologous immune enhancement therapy (AIET) may be considered as a viable approach to cancer treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
  5. Fulltext Immunogenicity of recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guèrin clones expressing T and B cell epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens
    Mohamud R, Azlan M, Yero D, Alvarez N, Sarmiento ME, Acosta A, et al.
    BMC Immunol, 2013;14 Suppl 1:S5.
    PMID: 23458635 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-14-S1-S5
    Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guèrin (rBCG) expressing three T cell epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) Ag85B antigen (P1, P2, P3) fused to the Mtb8.4 protein (rBCG018) or a combination of these antigens fused to B cell epitopes from ESAT-6, CFP-10 and MTP40 proteins (rBCG032) were used to immunize Balb/c mice. Total IgG responses were determined against Mtb8.4 antigen and ESAT-6 and CFP-10 B cell epitopes after immunization with rBCG032. Mice immunized with rBCG032 showed a significant increase in IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against ESAT-6 and MTP40 (P1) B cell epitopes and IgG3 against both P1 and P2 B cell epitopes of MPT40. Splenocytes from mice immunized with rBCG018 proliferated against Ag85B P2 and P3 T cell epitopes and Mtb8.4 protein whereas those from mice-immunized with rBCG032 responded against all Ag85B epitopes and the ESAT-6 B cell epitope. CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes from mice immunized with rBCG018 produced primarily Th1 type cytokines in response to the T cell epitopes. Similar pattern of recognition against the T cell epitopes were obtained with rBCG032 with the additional recognition of ESAT-6, CFP-10 and one of the MTP40 B cell epitopes with the same pattern of cytokines. This study demonstrates that rBCG constructs expressing either T or T and B cell epitopes of MTB induced appropriate immunogenicity against MTB.
    Matched MeSH terms: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
  6. Differential genotoxicity mechanisms of silver nanoparticles and silver ions
    Li Y, Qin T, Ingle T, Yan J, He W, Yin JJ, et al.
    Arch Toxicol, 2017 Jan;91(1):509-519.
    PMID: 27180073 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1730-y
    In spite of many reports on the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), the mechanisms underlying the toxicity are far from clear. A key question is whether the observed toxicity comes from the silver ions (Ag(+)) released from the AgNPs or from the nanoparticles themselves. In this study, we explored the genotoxicity and the genotoxicity mechanisms of Ag(+) and AgNPs. Human TK6 cells were treated with 5 nM AgNPs or silver nitrate (AgNO3) to evaluate their genotoxicity and induction of oxidative stress. AgNPs and AgNO3 induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a similar range of concentrations (1.00-1.75 µg/ml) when evaluated using the micronucleus assay, and both induced oxidative stress by measuring the gene expression and reactive oxygen species in the treated cells. Addition of N-acetylcysteine (NAC, an Ag(+) chelator) to the treatments significantly decreased genotoxicity of Ag(+), but not AgNPs, while addition of Trolox (a free radical scavenger) to the treatment efficiently decreased the genotoxicity of both agents. In addition, the Ag(+) released from the highest concentration of AgNPs used for the treatment was measured. Only 0.5 % of the AgNPs were ionized in the culture medium and the released silver ions were neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic at this concentration. Further analysis using electron spin resonance demonstrated that AgNPs produced hydroxyl radicals directly, while AgNO3 did not. These results indicated that although both AgNPs and Ag(+) can cause genotoxicity via oxidative stress, the mechanisms are different, and the nanoparticles, but not the released ions, mainly contribute to the genotoxicity of AgNPs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes/drug effects*; Lymphocytes/enzymology; Lymphocytes/metabolism
  7. Fulltext Programmed cell death-ligand, thymidylate synthase and deleted in colorectal carcinoma biomarkers in colorectal carcinoma
    Fauzah Abd Ghani, Reena Rehavu Zin, Maha Abdullah, Norhafizah Mohtarrudin, Ebenyi Emeka Onwe
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(108):16-16.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: It is well known that cancer cells evade the immune system with the help of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) molecule to remain undetected, causing abnormal proliferation of T-cells. PD-L1 expression on the surface of neoplastic cells inhibits cytotoxic T-cell responses which lead to negative regulation of cytokines and proliferation of T-cells. The deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a candidate of the tumour suppressor gene by regulating apoptosis. DCC assessment gives an insight into progno-sis in patients with advanced stages of CRC. Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is a highly conserved enzyme involved in DNA synthesis. TYMS has been an important target for cancer chemotherapy because of its central, rate-limiting role in de novo synthesis of thymidylate. Expression of PD-L1, TYMS and DCC has been demonstrated to confer a prognostic value in CRC but none have been completely validated for patient care. This study aimed to determine the prognostic and predictive potential of PD-L1, TYMS, and DCC biomarkers in CRC. Methods: The expression of these biomarkers was evaluated immunohistochemically in 91 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) archival tumour samples from patients that underwent surgical resection. Results: There was high expression of DCC in most cases; 84.6% (77/91). TYMS expression at a high level score was 46.2% (42/91) and at low level was 53.8% (49/91). Majority of cases had low PD-L1 expression in 93.4% (86/91) cases and high expression was detected in 6.6% (6/94) of cases. In addition, there was a significant association between TYMS expression with gender (P < 0.05) with distribution of TYMS expression detected at high level was 76.2% in male and 23.8% in female. The Kaplan-Meier survival plot showed mean overall survival in patients with PD-L1 with high expression to be 22 months, which pre-dicts better survival. TYMS low expression showed mean overall survival of 90 which also indicated better survival. DCC high expression showed mean overall survival of 90 which indicated better survival. The correlation between the biomarkers and overall survival were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that PD-L1, TYMS and DCC expression could be used as biomarkers to predict treatment outcome in CRC. PD-L1 overexpression predicts patients who could benefit from anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy whilst TYMS low expression predicts patients who could benefit from 5-fluorouracil therapy. DCC high expression tumours predicts a better prognosis and overall survival compared to DCC-negative tumours in advanced CRC.
    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
  8. Fulltext Immunotherapy for head and neck cancer
    Sok Ching Cheong
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(108):5-5.
    MyJurnal
    Head and neck cancers have been reported to have high immune infiltration scores, and clinical benefits of the anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor have been demonstrated in recurrent and metastatic cancers. Recent genetic signa-tures of the immune compartment have provided insights to delineate immune-active and -exhausted subtypes, to understand the immune status of OSCC patients that could further drive the development of novel immunotherapies. Vaccination with tumour-associated antigens is an approach to improve tumour recognition which could result in the eradication of cancer cells. Here, I would describe our efforts in developing antigen-specific vaccines for head and neck cancer. Using the B6.Cg-Tg(HLA-A/H2-D)2Enge/J mice bearing established tumours overexpressing the tumour antigens, we demonstrated that the vaccine delayed tumour growth, and in combination with anti-PD1, completely eliminated the tumour. The vaccine increased the expression of PD1 in T cells, and vaccinated animals showed increased antigen-specific responses by the ELISPOT assay. In summary, our data show that antigen-specific vaccine works synergistically with anti-PD1 and could be a promising therapeutic agent for head and neck cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes
  9. Fulltext Comprehensive genomic and immunological characterization of Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients
    Zhang XC, Wang J, Shao GG, Wang Q, Qu X, Wang B, et al.
    Nat Commun, 2019 04 16;10(1):1772.
    PMID: 30992440 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09762-1
    Deep understanding of the genomic and immunological differences between Chinese and Western lung cancer patients is of great importance for target therapy selection and development for Chinese patients. Here we report an extensive molecular and immune profiling study of 245 Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte estimated using immune cell signatures is found to be significantly higher in adenocarcinoma (ADC, 72.5%) compared with squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC, 54.4%). The correlation of genomic alterations with immune signatures reveals that low immune infiltration was associated with EGFR mutations in ADC samples, PI3K and/or WNT pathway activation in SQCC. While KRAS mutations are found to be significantly associated with T cell infiltration in ADC samples. The SQCC patients with high antigen presentation machinery and cytotoxic T cell signature scores are found to have a prolonged overall survival time.
    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
  10. Fulltext Epstein-Barr Virus- (EBV-) Immortalized Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines (LCLs) Express High Level of CD23 but Low CD27 to Support Their Growth
    Yap HY, Siow TS, Chow SK, Teow SY
    Adv Virol, 2019;2019:6464521.
    PMID: 31049064 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6464521
    Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the common human herpesvirus types in the world. EBV is known to infect more than 95% of adults in the world. The virus mainly infects B lymphocytes and could immortalize and transform the cells into EBV-bearing lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Limited studies have been focused on characterizing the surface marker expression of the immortalized LCLs. This study demonstrates the generation of 15 LCLs from sixteen rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and a healthy volunteer using B95-8 marmoset-derived EBV. The success rate of LCL generation was 88.23%. All CD19+ LCLs expressed CD23 (16.94-58.9%) and CD27 (15.74-80.89%) on cell surface. Our data demonstrated two distinct categories of LCLs (fast- and slow-growing) (p<0.05) based on their doubling time. The slow-growing LCLs showed lower CD23 level (35.28%) compared to fast-growing LCLs (42.39%). In contrast, the slow-growing LCLs showed higher percentage in both CD27 alone and CD23+CD27+ in combination. Overall, these findings may suggest the correlations of cellular CD23 and CD27 expression with the proliferation rate of the generated LCLs. Increase expression of CD23 may play a role in EBV immortalization of B-cells and the growth and maintenance of the EBV-transformed LCLs while CD27 expression might have inhibitory effects on LCL proliferation. Further investigations are warranted to these speculations.

    Study site: Sunway Medical Centre, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: B-Lymphocytes
  11. Treatment modification after second-line failure among people living with HIV in Asia-Pacific
    Jiamsakul A, Azwa I, Zhang F, Yunihastuti E, Ditangco R, Kumarasamy N, et al.
    Antivir Ther, 2020;25(7):377-387.
    PMID: 33616550 DOI: 10.3851/IMP3384
    BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends continuation with the failing second-line regimen if third-line option is not available. We investigated treatment outcomes among people living with HIV in Asia who continued with failing second-line regimens compared with those who had treatment modifications after failure.

    METHODS: Treatment modification was defined as a change of two antiretrovirals, a drug class change or treatment interruption (TI), all for >14 days. We assessed factors associated with CD4 changes and undetectable viral load (UVL <1,000 copies/ml) at 1 year after second-line failure using linear and logistic regression, respectively. Survival time was analysed using competing risk regression.

    RESULTS: Of the 328 patients who failed second-line ART in our cohorts, 208 (63%) had a subsequent treatment modification. Compared with those who continued the failing regimen, the average CD4 cell increase was higher in patients who had a modification without TI (difference =77.5, 95% CI 35.3, 119.7) while no difference was observed among those with TI (difference =-5.3, 95% CI -67.3, 56.8). Compared with those who continued the failing regimen, the odds of achieving UVL was lower in patients with TI (OR=0.18, 95% CI 0.06, 0.60) and similar among those who had a modification without TI (OR=1.97, 95% CI 0.95, 4.10), with proportions of UVL 60%, 22% and 75%, respectively. Survival time was not affected by treatment modifications.

    CONCLUSIONS: CD4 cell improvements were observed in those who had treatment modification without TI compared with those on the failing regimen. When no other options are available, maintaining the same failing ART combination provided better VL control than interrupting treatment.

    Matched MeSH terms: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
  12. Fulltext In silico-based vaccine design against Ebola virus glycoprotein
    Dash R, Das R, Junaid M, Akash MF, Islam A, Hosen SZ
    Adv Appl Bioinform Chem, 2017;10:11-28.
    PMID: 28356762 DOI: 10.2147/AABC.S115859
    Ebola virus (EBOV) is one of the lethal viruses, causing more than 24 epidemic outbreaks to date. Despite having available molecular knowledge of this virus, no definite vaccine or other remedial agents have been developed yet for the management and avoidance of EBOV infections in humans. Disclosing this, the present study described an epitope-based peptide vaccine against EBOV, using a combination of B-cell and T-cell epitope predictions, followed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach. Here, protein sequences of all glycoproteins of EBOV were collected and examined via in silico methods to determine the most immunogenic protein. From the identified antigenic protein, the peptide region ranging from 186 to 220 and the sequence HKEGAFFLY from the positions of 154-162 were considered the most potential B-cell and T-cell epitopes, correspondingly. Moreover, this peptide (HKEGAFFLY) interacted with HLA-A*32:15 with the highest binding energy and stability, and also a good conservancy of 83.85% with maximum population coverage. The results imply that the designed epitopes could manifest vigorous enduring defensive immunity against EBOV.
    Matched MeSH terms: B-Lymphocytes
  13. Fulltext Mast cells in allergy: the potential molecular targets in the upstream signalling pathways
    Ji, Wei Tan
    Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine, 2018;2(2):13-20.
    MyJurnal
    Mast cells (MCs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases due to their hypersensitive reaction to non-harmful substances that elicit an allergic response. As such, by interrupting certain signalling proteins within the signalling pathway of a MC, an allergic response may be avoided or inhibited. Compounds that attenuate the release of mediators from MCs are known as MC stabilizers. These drugs are clinically used to prevent MC effector responses towards common allergens. Although commonly prescribed clinical MC stabilizers such as disodium cromoglycate and ketotifen fumarate were used in the preventative treatment of various allergic diseases, there still remains a need of advancement towards the discovery of new MC stabilizing drugs that are able to target specific signalling molecules in order to provide better treatment option against these diseases. Among these newly discovered potential MC stabilizers, much efforts have been given to the inhibition of vital upstream signalling molecules such as spleen tyrosine kinase as well as surface receptors such as the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) and stem cell factor receptor (KIT). A recent study also reported that linker for activation of T cells (LAT) may also be an excellent molecular target for inhibiting MC degranulation. Although in most cases the exact mode of action of these molecules is yet to be elucidated, all these compounds have shown MC inhibition. Therefore, they might have potential therapeutic use in the treatment of allergies and allergy related diseases where MCs are majorly involved. Thus, this mini review will focus on summarising the potential signalling molecules or receptors that have been targeted to inhibit MC degranulation, particularly those located in the upstream signalling pathway.
    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes
  14. Fulltext Immunogenicity of recombinant BCG-based vaccine expressing the 22 kDa of serine repeat antigen (SE22) of Plasmodium falciparum
    Teo WH, Nurul AA, Norazmi MN
    Trop Biomed, 2012 Jun;29(2):239-53.
    PMID: 22735846 MyJurnal
    The Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen (SERA) is one of the promising blood-stage malarial vaccine candidates. In this study, recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (rBCG) expressing the 22 kDa protein (SE22) from the 47 kDa Nterminal domain of serine repeat antigen (SERA), generated in favour of mycobacterium codon usage, elicited specific immune response in BALB/c mice with a mixed Th1/Th2 profile. Immunized sera containing high levels of specific IgG1 and IgG2a against the epitope (as determined by ELISA) were reactive with fixed P. falciparum merozoites as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Furthermore, the lymphocyte proliferative response to SE22 antigen from rBCG-immunized mice was higher than that of controls. The expression of intracellular cytokines (IL-2, IL-4 and IFNγ) in CD4+- and CD8+-cells was also enhanced following in-vitro stimulation with SE22. These findings indicate that a rBCG-based vaccine candidate expressing a blood-stage antigen of P. falciparum could enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses, thus paving the way for the rational use of rBCG as a vaccine candidate against malaria.
    Matched MeSH terms: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
  15. Fulltext The HLA DPB1*02:01:02 and DQB1*05:02:01 alleles as possible risk factors for colorectal carcinoma in the Malaysian population
    Sri Noraima Othman, Nor Adzimah Johdi, Zuraini Abd Razak, Luqman Mazlan, Ismail Sagap, Rahman Jamal
    Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2016;6(2):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    Many studies have shown that the immune response highly depends on the inheritance of specific HLA
    genes in promoting the generation of T cells for the elimination of pathogens. Loss or alteration of HLA
    antigen expression in tumor cells has been observed in a variety of human malignancies leading to immune
    escape or immune resistance. We investigated whether the inheritance of certain alleles of HLA class II
    genes confers susceptibility or resistance towards the development of colorectal carcinoma (CRC).
    Molecular typing of HLA DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1 alleles in 42 patients diagnosed with CRC and 50
    ethnically matched healthy controls using the PCR-sequence based typing (PCR-SBT) was conducted. The
    HLA DPB1*02:01:02 was significantly higher in CRC patients (38.1%, p=0.0189) compared to healthy
    controls (16%). Also, HLA DQB1*05:02:01 was present in 28.6% of CRC patients but only 10% of healthy
    controls (p=0.0278). The odds ratios for HLA DPB1*02:01:02 and HLA DQB1*05:02:01were 3.23 and 3.60,
    respectively. There were no significant association observed for the DRB1 allele with CRC. Our study
    suggests that the HLA DPB1*02:01:02 and HLA DQB1*05:02:01 alleles may confer a higher risk for CRC
    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes
  16. Fulltext Assessment of DNA strand breakage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    Siti Balkis Budin, Norfadilah Rejab, Abdul Gapor Mohd Top, Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud, Mokhtar Abu Bakar, Khairul Osman, et al.
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2005;3(1):2-12.
    MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to evaluate the oxidative damage in diabetic mellitus induced rats. The evaluation of DNA damage was carried out by the Alkaline Comet Assay using peripheral lymphocyte cells taken from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (50 mg/kg) and control rats. The levels of malondealdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c were also measured. All the induced diabetic rats were hyperglycemic until the end of the study with significantly higher levels of FBG and HbA1c as compared to the control rats. The results showed the percentage of tail DNA and tail moment values were also significantly higher in the diabetic induced rats. The same observations were made on the levels of plasma MDA and 4-HNE. In conclusion, this study indicated that hyperglycemic condition in diabetic induced rats could generate oxidative DNA damage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes
  17. Fulltext Negative Checkpoint Regulatory Molecule 2B4 (CD244) Upregulation Is Associated with Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Alterations and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease Progression
    Ahmad F, Shankar EM, Yong YK, Tan HY, Ahrenstorf G, Jacobs R, et al.
    Front Immunol, 2017;8:338.
    PMID: 28396665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00338
    The CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are implicated in innate immune responses against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the determinants of cellular dysfunction across the iNKT cells subsets are seldom defined in HIV disease. Herein, we provide evidence for the involvement of the negative checkpoint regulator (NCR) 2B4 in iNKT cell alteration in a well-defined cohort of HIV-seropositive anti-retroviral therapy (ART) naïve, ART-treated, and elite controllers (ECs). We report on exaggerated 2B4 expression on iNKT cells of HIV-infected treatment-naïve individuals. In sharp contrast to CD4(-)iNKT cells, 2B4 expression was significantly higher on CD4(+) iNKT cell subset. Notably, an increased level of 2B4 on iNKT cells was strongly correlated with parameters associated with HIV disease progression. Further, iNKT cells from ART-naïve individuals were defective in their ability to produce intracellular IFN-γ. Together, our results suggest that the levels of 2B4 expression and the downstream co-inhibitory signaling events may contribute to impaired iNKT cell responses.
    Matched MeSH terms: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
  18. Fulltext Atypical Ocular Presentation of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma- A Case Report
    Khairidzan, M.K., Normalina, M., Ismail, M.A., Siraj, H., Nor Azlin, I.M., Zainol, R., et al.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2006;5(1):1-7.
    MyJurnal
    We present a case of a 45-year-old female who presented with blurring of right vision associated with constitutional symptoms. Examinations revealed right optic disc swelling with inferior exudative retinal detachment and hepatomegaly. Gynaecological examination showed a fungating cervical mass. Histopathological reports of cone biopsy confirmed the presence of large B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. HIV screening was positive. A diagnosis of HIV related lymphoma was made. Chemotherapy and antiretroviral treatment were instituted. The ocular signs resolved. However, the patient could not tolerate the side effects of medical therapy and opted for palliative treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: B-Lymphocytes
  19. Fulltext An Experimental Evaluation of Adaptogenic Potential of Standardized Epipremnum Aureum Leaf Extract
    Das SK, Sengupta P, Mustapha MS, Sarker MMR
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2017 Apr-Jun;9(2):88-93.
    PMID: 28717330 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.183227
    BACKGROUND: Stress is a normal part of everyday life but chronic stress can lead to a variety of stress-related illnesses including hypertension, anxiety, and depression. In the present investigation, standardized leaf extract of Epipremnumaureum was evaluated for its anti-stress potential.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the evaluation of anti-stress activity, groups of mice (n = 6) were subjected to forced swim stress and anoxic stress tolerance test in mice 1h after daily treatment of E.aureumextract. Diazepam (5 mg/kg) was taken as a reference standard. Urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and ascorbic acid were selected as noninvasive biomarkers to assess the anti-stress activity and plasma cortisol, blood ascorbic acid, and weight of adrenal were measured. The 24 h urinary excretion of VMA and ascorbic acid were determined by spectrophotometric methods in all groups under normal and stressed conditions. The hematological parameters (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils) were also determined.

    RESULTS: Administration of E.aureumat doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg wasfound to be effective in inhibiting the stress induced urinary biochemical changes in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with E. aureum extract prevents the rise in blood ascorbic acid and plasma cortisol. Moreover, the extract prevented the increase in weight of adrenal gland also significantly increased the anoxia stress tolerance time. Dose-dependent significant reduction in white blood cell count was observed in anoxic stress tolerance test as compared to stressed group.

    CONCLUSION: Hence, the present study provides scientific support for the positiveadaptogenic effect of E. aureum extract.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes
  20. Delay and misdiagnosis in adult myasthenia gravis: A case report
    Kwa, Siew Kim, Zainab Abdul Majeed, Tan, Kah Nian
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2016;10(3):37-39.
    MyJurnal
    Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disorder
    characterised by fluctuating and variable combination
    of muscle weakness and fatigue. Most cases are due to
    T-cell mediated autoantibodies against post-synaptic
    acetylcholine receptors (AChR-Ab), thus preventing
    acetylcholine from binding and signalling skeletal
    muscle to contract.1
    The annual incidence is 7-23 new cases per million.1
    It can occur at any age but with two peaks; an earlyonset
    (20-40 years) female-predominant and a late-onset
    (60-80 years) male-predominant peak. MG is classified
    into ocular and generalised (80%). More than half the
    patients initially present with ptosis and diplopia but half
    will progress to generalised disease with involvement of
    bulbar, limb and respiratory weakness. Those presenting
    as generalised MG can also develop eye signs later.1
    It is important to recognise MG early because it is
    highly treatable. Untreated disease leads to permanent
    weakness.2 Treatment reduces mortality from lifethreatening
    myasthenic crisis.1,3 Misdiagnosis leads to
    potentially harmful interventions and inappropriate
    management.4,5 Diagnosis in late-onset MG is easily
    missed2,3,4,5 because of overlapping symptoms with
    other diseases common in the elderly. We report a case
    of delay and misdiagnosis in an elderly patient with
    co-morbidities. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links