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  1. OPRM1 rs1799971 polymorphism and opioid dependence: evidence from a meta-analysis
    Haerian BS, Haerian MS
    Pharmacogenomics, 2013 May;14(7):813-24.
    PMID: 23651028 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.57
    The OPRM1 gene encodes the µ-opioid receptor, which is the primary site of action of most opioids. Several studies and three meta-analyses have examined a possible link between the exonic OPRM1 A118G (rs1799971) polymorphism and opioid dependence; however, results have been inconclusive. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis have been carried out to examine whether this polymorphism is associated with opioid dependence. Thirteen studies (n = 9385), comprising 4601 opioid dependents and 4784 controls, which evaluated association of the OPRM1 rs1799971 polymorphism with susceptibility to opioids, were included in this study. Our meta-analysis showed significant association between this polymorphism and susceptibility to opioid dependence in overall studies under a codominant model, as well as susceptibility to opioid dependence or heroin dependence in Asians under an autosomal dominant model. The nonsynonymous OPRM1 rs1799971 might be a risk factor for addiction to opioids or heroin in an Asian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heroin Dependence/genetics*; Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics*; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  2. Dysregulation of miR-31 and miR-375 expression is associated with clinical outcomes in oral carcinoma
    Siow MY, Ng LP, Vincent-Chong VK, Jamaludin M, Abraham MT, Abdul Rahman ZA, et al.
    Oral Dis, 2014 May;20(4):345-51.
    PMID: 23651447 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12118
    To identify differentially expressed miRNA between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and non-cancer (NC) and to associate these with clinico-pathological parameters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics*; Mouth Neoplasms/genetics*; MicroRNAs/genetics*
  3. Fulltext Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in formalin fixed paraffin embedded biopsies in Malaysian non-small cell lung cancer patients
    Shi Yeen TN, Pathmanathan R, Shiran MS, Ahmad Zaid FA, Cheah YK
    J Biomed Sci, 2013 Apr 16;20:22.
    PMID: 23590575 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-22
    BACKGROUND: Somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are reportedly associated with various responses in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving the anti-EGFR agents. Detection of the mutation therefore plays an important role in therapeutic decision making. The aim of this study was to detect EGFR mutations in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples using both Scorpion ARMS and high resolution melt (HRM) assay, and to compare the sensitivity of these methods.

    RESULTS: All of the mutations were found in adenocarcinoma, except one that was in squamous cell carcinoma. The mutation rate was 45.7% (221/484). Complex mutations were also observed, wherein 8 tumours carried 2 mutations and 1 tumour carried 3 mutations.

    CONCLUSIONS: Both methods detected EGFR mutations in FFPE samples. HRM assays gave more EGFR positive results compared to Scorpion ARMS.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics*; Lung Neoplasms/genetics*; ErbB Receptors/genetics*
  4. Fulltext GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism and epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Haerian BS, Baum L
    Seizure, 2013 Jan;22(1):53-8.
    PMID: 23140995 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2012.10.007
    PURPOSE: The gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor, gamma 2 (GABRG2) gene encodes the GABRγ2 protein, which has been implicated in susceptibility to epilepsy. Several studies have examined a possible link between the exonic GABRG2 rs211037 locus and susceptibility to febrile seizure (FS) and idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), however results have been inconclusive. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether this polymorphism is associated with FS or IGE.
    METHODS: Eight studies comprising 1871 epilepsy patients and 1387 controls, which evaluated association of the GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism with susceptibility to epilepsy, were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was carried out separately for FS and IGE.
    RESULTS: Meta-analysis showed a significant association between this polymorphism and susceptibility to FS in a codominant (TT vs. CC, OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.73, p=0.0008 and TT vs. CT, OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42-0.83, p=0.003) and dominant (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39-0.75, p=0.0002) genetic models, influenced by two studies with small sample size. Neither allele nor genotype association was observed with IGE.
    CONCLUSION: This study showed significant association of GABRG2 rs211037 with susceptibility to FS, caused by two studies with small sample sizes, however the possibility of false positive results due to the effect of significant studies for FS cannot be excluded. Future studies with larger sample sizes of these patients are suggested to verify the results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epilepsy/genetics*; Receptors, GABA-A/genetics*; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics*
  5. Cloning and expression of Toxoplasma gondii dense granule antigen 2 (GRA2) gene by Pichia pastoris
    Lau YL, Fong MY, Idris MM, Ching XT
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2012 Jan;43(1):10-6.
    PMID: 23082548
    Detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection is essential in pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients. Numerous studies have shown that the recombinant production of several Toxoplasma antigens, including dense granule antigens (GRAs) has high potential as diagnostic reagents. In the present study, we produced GRA2 using Pichia pastoris system. RNA of T. gondii RH strain tachyzoite was used as a template to produce cDNA clones of full-length GRA2 via reverse transcriptase PCR. Amplicons were inserted into pPICZalpha A and the recombinant plasmid transformed into P. pastoris, X-33 strain. The expressed recombinant protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. A recombinant protein of -28 kDa was produced, which could be detected by toxoplasmosis positive human sera indicating that the recombinant protein retained its antigenicity. The present study indicates that P. pastoris-expressed GRA2 should be useful for detection of Toxoplasma infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Protozoan/genetics*; Recombinant Proteins/genetics*; Protozoan Proteins/genetics*
  6. Fulltext Circulatory microRNA-145 expression is increased in cerebral ischemia
    Gan CS, Wang CW, Tan KS
    Genet. Mol. Res., 2012;11(1):147-52.
    PMID: 22370881 DOI: 10.4238/2012.January.27.1
    Cerebral ischemia or ischemic stroke is mainly attributed to vascular and circulation disorders. Among protein biomarkers, RNA profiles have also been identified as markers of ischemic stroke. MicroRNA-145 expression is ostensibly recognized as marker and modulator of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype; however, expression levels in ischemic stroke had not been investigated. Employing real-time quantitative PCR, we examined the expression profile of circulatory microRNA-145 in healthy control subjects (N = 14) and ischemic stroke patients (N = 32). Circulatory microRNA-145 expression was significantly higher in ischemic stroke patients than in control subjects. This demonstrates that hemostatic mechanisms are affected by ischemic stroke. We conclude that circulating microRNA-145 has potential as a biomarker for ischemic stroke.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Ischemia/genetics*; Stroke/genetics*; MicroRNAs/genetics
  7. Microsatellite-based evidences of genetic bottlenecks in the cryptic species "Andrographis paniculata Nees": a potential anticancer agent
    Valdiani A, Javanmard A, Talei D, Tan SG, Nikzad S, Kadir MA, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2013 Feb;40(2):1775-84.
    PMID: 23086278 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2231-6
    Andrographis paniculata (AP) is a medicinal plant species introduced into Malaysia. To address the genetic structure and evolutionary connectedness of the Malaysian AP with the Indian AP, a DNA sequence analysis was conducted based on 24 microsatellite markers. Out of the 24 primer sets, seven novel microsatellite primers were designed and amplified intra-specifically according to the available Indian AP sequences at the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), where 17 of them were amplified using the cross-species strategy by employing the primers belonging to Acanthus ilicifolius Linn (Acanthaceae) and Lumnitzera racemosa Wild (Combretaceae). The primers were then applied on the Malaysian AP accessions. Sixteen of the new microsatellite loci were amplified successfully. Analysis of these microsatellite sequences, revealed some significant differences between the Indian and Malaysian AP accessions in terms of the size and type of the repeat motifs. These findings depicted the cryptic feature of this species. Despite identifying several heterozygous alleles no polymorphism was observed in the detected loci of the selected accessions. This situation was in concordance with the presence of "fixed heterozygosity" phenomenon in the mentioned loci. Accordingly, this was fully consistent with the occurrence of the genetic bottleneck and founder effect within Malaysian AP population. Apart from the amplification of new microsatellites in this species, our observations could be in agreement with the risk of genetic depletion and consequently extinction of this precious herb in Malaysia. This issue should be taken into consideration in the future studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plants, Medicinal/genetics; Plant Leaves/genetics*; Andrographis/genetics*
  8. Population genetic structure of the tropical moss Acanthorrhynchium papillatum as measured with microsatellite markers
    Leonardía AA, Tan BC, Kumar PP
    Plant Biol (Stuttg), 2013 Mar;15(2):384-94.
    PMID: 22882300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00640.x
    Mosses and other bryophytes are vital components of forests, because they sustain a tremendous diversity of invertebrates and influence significant ecological functions. There have been few studies on moss population diversity in Southeast Asia, despite the escalating deforestation in this region of rich biodiversity. The genetic diversity of the tropical moss Acanthorrhynchium papillatum (Harv.) Fleisch., collected from forested areas in Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, was elucidated using eight microsatellite markers developed for this species. Significant levels of allelic and haplotypic diversity were observed among clumps of the moss. Differences in allelic richness and genotypic diversity among the populations were higher in less disturbed forests compared to the more disturbed areas, suggesting that genetic diversity is affected by habitat quality. Genetic diversity levels within the clumps studied were low, indicating that vegetative reproduction was more important within clumps than sexual reproduction. However, multilocus genotypes of samples within the clumps studied were not all alike, providing evidence of microsatellite mutation or of occasional sexuality. Despite the isolation of populations, A. papillatum can introduce genetic variability by mutation among vegetatively propagated individuals. This study provides baseline information on the genetic diversity of A. papillatum tropical rain forests.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genetics, Population*; Bryophyta/genetics*
  9. Characterization of wetland quorum quenching Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 2SW8 and its 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone production
    Wong CS, Yin WF, Sam CK, Koh CL, Chan KG
    New Microbiol., 2012 Jan;35(1):43-51.
    PMID: 22378552
    Most Proteobacteria produce N-acylhomoserine lactones for bacterial cell-to-cell communication, a process called quorum sensing. Interference of quorum sensing, commonly known as quorum quenching, represents an important way to control quorum sensing. This work reports the isolation of quorum quenching bacterium strain 2WS8 from Malaysia tropical wetland water (2°11'8"N, 102°15'2"E, in 2007) by using a modified version of a previously reported KG medium. Strain 2WS8 was isolated based on its ability to utilize N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL) as the sole source of energy. This bacterium clustered closely to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Strain 2SW8 possesses both quiP and pvdQ homologue acylase genes. Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography analysis confirmed that strain 2SW8 preferentially degraded N-acylhomoserine lactones with 3-oxo group substitution but not those with unsubstituted groups at C3 position in the acyl side chain. Strain 2SW8 also showed 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics*; Quorum Sensing/genetics*
  10. Fulltext Characterization of Fusarium species section Liseola by restriction analysis of the IGS region
    Heng MH, Baharuddin S, Latiffah Z
    Genet. Mol. Res., 2012;11(1):383-92.
    PMID: 22370941 DOI: 10.4238/2012.February.16.4
    Fusarium species section Liseola namely F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, F. andiyazi, F. verticillioides, and F. sacchari are well-known plant pathogens on rice, sugarcane and maize. In the present study, restriction analysis of the intergenic spacer regions (IGS) was used to characterize the five Fusarium species isolated from rice, sugarcane and maize collected from various locations in Peninsular Malaysia. From the analysis, and based on restriction patterns generated by the six restriction enzymes, Bsu151, BsuRI, EcoRI, Hin6I, HinfI, and MspI, 53 haplotypes were recorded among 74 isolates. HinfI showed the most variable restriction patterns (with 11 patterns), while EcoRI showed only three patterns. Although a high level of variation was observed, it was possible to characterize closely related species and isolates from different species. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the isolates of Fusarium from the same species were grouped together regardless of the hosts. We conclude that restriction analysis of the IGS regions can be used to characterize Fusarium species section Liseola and to discriminate closely related species as well as to clarify their taxonomic position.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Fungal/genetics; Fusarium/genetics*; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics*
  11. Mutation screening of IRF6 among families with non-syndromic oral clefts and identification of two novel variants: review of the literature
    Salahshourifar I, Wan Sulaiman WA, Halim AS, Zilfalil BA
    Eur J Med Genet, 2012 Jun;55(6-7):389-93.
    PMID: 22440537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.02.006
    Non-syndromic oral clefts share the main clinical features of Van der Woude Syndrome (VWS), with the exception of the lower lip pit. Thus, about 15% of VWS cases are indistinguishable from cases with non-syndromic oral clefts. IRF6 mutations are the major cause of VWS; however, variants in this gene show strong association with non-syndromic oral clefts, with a higher increased risk among cases with cleft lip only (CLO). A total of 39 individuals, including 16 patients with CLO and 23 patients with a family history of cleft, were examined for IRF6 mutations in the present study. Seven variants, including five known (c.-75-4 A>; G, c.-73T>; C, c.459G>; T 5, c.820G>; A, and c.1060 + 37C>; T) and two novel (c.-75-23G>; C and c.1380G>; T), were found. Both novel variants were inherited from non-affected parents and we did not find also in the 120 control chromosomes. In silico analysis revealed that both c.1380G>; T and c.-75-23G>; C variants may disrupts a putative exonic splicing enhancer and intronic splicing binding site for SC35, respectively. Taken together, the presence of deleterious IRF6 variants in patients with non-syndromic oral clefts could be most likely an evidence for VWS. While, IRF6 variants could, at best, contribute to clefting as part of a complex inheritance pattern, with both additional genes and environmental factors having a role.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cleft Lip/genetics*; Cleft Palate/genetics*; Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics*
  12. Phenotype variations in Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy: possible involvement of genetic modifiers?
    Singh S, Ganesh S
    J Hum Genet, 2012 May;57(5):283-5.
    PMID: 22456482 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.29
    Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy, also known as Lafora disease (LD), is the most severe and fatal form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy with its typical onset during the late childhood or early adolescence. LD is characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures and progressive decline in intellectual function. LD can be caused by defects in any of the two known genes and the clinical features of these two genetic groups are almost identical. The past one decade has witnessed considerable success in identifying the LD genes, their mutations, the cellular functions of gene products and on molecular basis of LD. Here, we briefly review the current literature on the phenotype variations, on possible presence of genetic modifiers, and candidate modifiers as targets for therapeutic interventions in LD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carrier Proteins/genetics*; Lafora Disease/genetics*; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/genetics*
  13. Molecular classification and phylogenetic relationships of selected edible Basidiomycetes species
    Avin FA, Bhassu S, Shin TY, Sabaratnam V
    Mol Biol Rep, 2012 Jul;39(7):7355-64.
    PMID: 22327649 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1567-2
    Morphological identification of edible mushrooms can sometimes prove troublesome, because phenotypic variation in fungi can be affected by substrate and environmental factors. One of the most important problems for mushroom breeders is the lack of a systematic consensus tool to distinguish different species, which are sometimes morphologically identical. Basidiomycetes as one of the largest groups of edible mushrooms have become more important in recent times for their medicinal and nutritional properties. Partial rDNA sequences, including the Internal Transcribed Spacer I-5.8SrDNA-Internal Transcribed Spacer II, were used in this study for molecular identification and assessment of phylogenetic relationships between selected edible species of the Basidiomycetes. Phylogenetic trees showed five distinct clades; each clade belonging to a separate family group. The first clade included all the species belonging to the Pleurotaceae (Pleurotus spp.) family; similarly, the second, third, fourth, and fifth clades consist of species from the Agaricaceae (Agaricus sp.), Lyophllaceae (Hypsigygus sp.), Marasmiaceae (Lentinula edodes sp.) and Physalacriaceae (Flammulina velutipes sp.) families, respectively. Moreover, different species of each family were clearly placed in a distinct sub-cluster and a total of 13 species were taken for analysis. Species differentiation was re-confirmed by AMOVA analysis (among the populations: 99.67%; within: 0.33%), nucleotide divergence, haplotyping and P value. Polymorphism occurred throughout the ITS regions due to insertion-deletion and point mutations, and can be clearly differentiated within the families as well as genera. Moreover, this study proves that the sequence of the ITS region is a superior molecular DNA barcode for taxonomic identification of Basidiomycetes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Basidiomycota/genetics*; DNA, Fungal/genetics*; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics*
  14. Association of TGFβ1 and SMAD4 variants in the etiology of keloid scar in the Malay population
    Emami A, Halim AS, Salahshourifar I, Yussof SJ, Khoo TL, Kannan TP
    Arch. Dermatol. Res., 2012 Sep;304(7):541-7.
    PMID: 22805880 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1262-0
    Keloid is a complex condition with environmental and genetic risk-contributing factors. Two candidate genes, TGFβ1 and SMAD4, located in the same signaling pathway are highly expressed in the keloid fibroblast cells. In a case-control design, TGFβ1 haplotypes showed association with the risk of keloid in the present study. The CC haplotype, composed of both c.29C>T and -509T>C variants, was observed more frequently among cases (Corrected p = 0.037, OR = 2.07, 95 % CI = 0.87-4.93), showing a 4.5-fold increased risk for keloid. The AG genotype of the SMAD4 c.5131A>G variant showed a trend of significance (p = 0.0573, OR = 1.75, 95 % CI = 0.99-3.13). Taken together, either of these variants is most probably causative at the expression level or is in linkage disequilibrium with other causative variants in a complex pattern together with the environmental factors that contribute to the condition. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one documented report on a relationship between TGFβ1 and keloid with no association within the Caucasian population, while there have not been any reports for SMAD4. Therefore, the present study is likely the first research showing a significant association between TGFβ1 variants and keloids in the Malay population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Keloid/genetics*; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics*; Smad4 Protein/genetics*
  15. Fulltext Association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 with ageing in auto repair shop workers
    Eshkoor SA, Marashi SJ, Ismail P, Rahman SA, Mirinargesi M, Adon MY, et al.
    Genet. Mol. Res., 2012;11(2):1486-96.
    PMID: 22653598 DOI: 10.4238/2012.May.21.5
    We evaluated the possible influence of glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1) genes on genetic damage due to occupational exposure, which contributes to accelerate ageing. This study was conducted on 120 car auto repair workshop workers exposed to occupational hazards and 120 controls without this kind of exposure. The null and non-null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes were determined by multiplex PCR. Micronucleus frequency, Comet tail length and relative telomere length differences between the null and non-null genotypes of the GSTM1 gene were significantly greater in the exposed group. Lack of GSTT1 did not affect the damage biomarkers significantly (P > 0.05), while lack of GSTM1 was associated with greater susceptibility to genomic damage due to occupational exposure. It was concluded that early ageing is under the influence of these genes and the environmental and socio-demographic factors. Duration of working time was significantly associated with micronucleus frequency, Comet tail length and relative telomere length.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aging/genetics; DNA Damage/genetics; Glutathione Transferase/genetics*
  16. 'Candidatus Phytoplasma malaysianum', a novel taxon associated with virescence and phyllody of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)
    Nejat N, Vadamalai G, Davis RE, Harrison NA, Sijam K, Dickinson M, et al.
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2013 Feb;63(Pt 2):540-548.
    PMID: 22523165 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.041467-0
    This study addressed the taxonomic position and group classification of a phytoplasma responsible for virescence and phyllody symptoms in naturally diseased Madagascar periwinkle plants in western Malaysia. Unique regions in the 16S rRNA gene from the Malaysian periwinkle virescence (MaPV) phytoplasma distinguished the phytoplasma from all previously described 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' species. Pairwise sequence similarity scores, calculated through alignment of full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that the MaPV phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene shared 96.5 % or less sequence similarity with that of previously described 'Ca. Phytoplasma' species, justifying the recognition of the MaPV phytoplasma as a reference strain of a novel taxon, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma malaysianum'. The 16S rRNA gene F2nR2 fragment from the MaPV phytoplasma exhibited a distinct restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profile and the pattern similarity coefficient values were lower than 0.85 with representative phytoplasmas classified in any of the 31 previously delineated 16Sr groups; therefore, the MaPV phytoplasma was designated a member of a new 16Sr group, 16SrXXXII. Phytoplasmas affiliated with this novel taxon and the new group included diverse strains infecting periwinkle, coconut palm and oil palm in Malaysia. Three phytoplasmas were characterized as representatives of three distinct subgroups, 16SrXXXII-A, 16SrXXXII-B and 16SrXXXII-C, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Bacterial/genetics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics; Phytoplasma/genetics
  17. Fulltext Tay-Sach disease with "cherry-red spot"--first reported case in Malaysia
    Chan LY, Balasubramaniam S, Sunder R, Jamalia R, Karunakar TV, Alagaratnam J
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):497-8.
    PMID: 22390110
    We present a rare case of Tay-Sachs disease with retinal 'cherry-red spots' in a 19-month-old Malay child. Molecular genetic studies confirmed the diagnosis. The case highlights that 'cherry-red spot' is a useful clinical clue in Tay-Sachs disease and several other lysosomal storage disorders. It serves as an ideal illustration of the eye as a window to inborn error of metabolism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Retinal Diseases/genetics; Tay-Sachs Disease/genetics; Hexosaminidase A/genetics
  18. Fulltext Open field release of genetically engineered sterile male Aedes aegypti in Malaysia
    Lacroix R, McKemey AR, Raduan N, Kwee Wee L, Hong Ming W, Guat Ney T, et al.
    PLoS One, 2012;7(8):e42771.
    PMID: 22970102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042771
    Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease. In the absence of specific drugs or vaccines, control focuses on suppressing the principal mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, yet current methods have not proven adequate to control the disease. New methods are therefore urgently needed, for example genetics-based sterile-male-release methods. However, this requires that lab-reared, modified mosquitoes be able to survive and disperse adequately in the field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aedes/genetics*; Infertility, Male/genetics*; Insect Vectors/genetics*
  19. A118G mu opioid receptor polymorphism among drug addicts in Malaysia
    Nagaya D, Ramanathan S, Ravichandran M, Navaratnam V
    J Integr Neurosci, 2012 Mar;11(1):117-22.
    PMID: 22744787
    Drug addiction is an important social problem in many countries. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the predisposition of drug addiction. Genetic variations at the μ opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene locus have been associated with opiate addiction. The present study aims to delineate the frequency of A118G allele of OPRM1 among Malaysian subjects. The frequency of A allele and G allele were 51% and 49%, respectively for addicts and about 73% and 27% respectively for healthy volunteers. The frequency of G allele was 1.77-fold higher in addicts by odds ratio calculation at 95% Cl, which indicate the G allele to be strongly associated with addiction X(2) = 15.31,P < 0.0001; odds ratio 2.51; 95% Cl (1.575-3.994), compared to healthy volunteers. A significant association was observed between A118G polymorphism in μ opioid receptor gene and drug addiction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics*; Substance-Related Disorders/genetics*; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics*
  20. Fulltext Combining ability analysis in complete diallel cross of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai)
    Bahari M, Rafii MY, Saleh GB, Latif MA
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:543158.
    PMID: 22566772 DOI: 10.1100/2012/543158
    The experiments were carried out in two research stations (MARDI Bukit Tangga, Kedah, and MARDI Seberang Perai, Penang) in Malaysia. The crossings were performed using the four inbred lines in complete diallel cross including selfs and reciprocals. We evaluated the yield components and fruit characters such as fruit yield per plant, vine length, days to fruit maturity, fruit weight, total soluble solid content, and rind thickness over a period of two planting seasons. General combining ability and its interaction with locations were statistically significant for all characteristics except number of fruits per plant across the environments. Results indicated that the additive genetic effects were important to the inheritance of these traits and the expression of additive genes was influenced greatly by environments. In addition, specific combining ability effect was statistically evident for fruit yield per plant, vine length, days to first female flower, and fruit weight. Most of the characters are simultaneously controlled by additive and nonadditive gene effects. This study demonstrated that the highest potential and promising among the crosses was cross P2 (BL-14) × P3 (6372-4), which possessed prolific plants, with early maturity, medium fruit weight and high soluble solid contents. Therefore this hybrid might be utilized for developing high yielding watermelon cultivars and may be recommended for commercial cultivation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/genetics; Citrullus/genetics*; Flowers/genetics
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