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Fulltext Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D dimorphism does not play a major role in the susceptibility of Malaysian systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Lian LH, Lau TP, Ching AS, Chua KH

Genet. Mol. Res., 2012;11(2):863-71.
PMID: 22576914 DOI: 10.4238/2012.April.10.2

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that causes systemic damage, involving auto-reactive antibodies and over-deposition of immune complexes. Susceptibility to SLE is believed to be multifactorial, and genetics is one of the proven etiological factors; it can affect SLE development, severity and prognosis. We investigated a possible association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and susceptibility to SLE in the Malaysian population. PCR was employed for the determination of I/D dimorphism of this gene. The I allele was more frequent than the D allele in both the SLE patients (N = 170) and healthy controls (N = 190). However, there was no significant difference in the distribution of these two alleles between both groups studied (χ(2) = 0.284, P > 0.05). Interestingly, the DD homozygous genotype scored notably higher in the healthy control group (χ(2) = 7.568, P < 0.05), while the ID heterozygote was observed to be significantly associated with SLE (χ(2) = 11.143, P < 0.05). In conclusion, with respect to the Malaysian population, the DD genotype might play a protective role in the development of SLE while in contrast, those who carry the ID genotype might be at potential risk for onset of this disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Effects of preeclampsia on the yield of hematopoietic stem cells obtained from umbilical cord blood at delivery

Wahid FS, Nasaruddin MZ, Idris MR, Tusimin M, Tumian NR, Mahdy ZA

J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2012 Mar;38(3):490-7.
PMID: 22381102 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01740.x

To compare the numbers of cord blood CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) between preeclampsia (PE) and control (non-PE) subjects and to determine the factors that may influence this observation.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Fulltext Blood-based biomarkers of aggressive prostate cancer

Liong ML, Lim CR, Yang H, Chao S, Bong CW, Leong WS, et al.

PLoS One, 2012;7(9):e45802.
PMID: 23071848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045802

Prostate cancer is a bimodal disease with aggressive and indolent forms. Current prostate-specific-antigen testing and digital rectal examination screening provide ambiguous results leading to both under-and over-treatment. Accurate, consistent diagnosis is crucial to risk-stratify patients and facilitate clinical decision making as to treatment versus active surveillance. Diagnosis is currently achieved by needle biopsy, a painful procedure. Thus, there is a clinical need for a minimally-invasive test to determine prostate cancer aggressiveness. A blood sample to predict Gleason score, which is known to reflect aggressiveness of the cancer, could serve as such a test.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
An exploratory study of the effectiveness of group narrative therapy on the school behavior of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms

Looyeh MY, Kamali K, Shafieian R

Arch Psychiatr Nurs, 2012 Oct;26(5):404-10.
PMID: 22999036 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2012.01.001

This study explored the effectiveness of group narrative therapy for improving the school behavior of a small sample of girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Fourteen clinics referred 9- to 11-year-old girls with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD were randomly assigned to treatment and wait-list control groups. Posttreatment ratings by teachers showed that narrative therapy had a significant effect on reducing ADHD symptoms 1 week after completion of treatment and sustained after 30 days.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Self-esteem in 6- to 16-year-olds with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis

Kanaheswari Y, Poulsaeman V, Chandran V

J Paediatr Child Health, 2012 Oct;48(10):E178-82.
PMID: 22998162 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2012.02577.x

Childhood nocturnal enuresis (NE) and incontinence has been shown to be associated with increased behavioural problems and reduced self-esteem (SE) in Western populations. The impact on Asian children, however, is not known. This study investigates the relationship between SE and monosymptomatic NE in Malaysian children aged 6 to 16 years.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Differences in allele frequencies of autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia SNPs in the Malaysian population

Alex L, Chahil JK, Lye SH, Bagali P, Ler LW

J Hum Genet, 2012 Jun;57(6):358-62.
PMID: 22534770 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.34

Hypercholesterolemia is caused by different interactions of lifestyle and genetic determinants. At the genetic level, it can be attributed to the interactions of multiple polymorphisms, or as in the example of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), it can be the result of a single mutation. A large number of genetic markers, mostly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) or mutations in three genes, implicated in autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH), viz APOB (apolipoprotein B), LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor) and PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9), have been identified and characterized. However, such studies have been insufficiently undertaken specifically in Malaysia and Southeast Asia in general. The main objective of this study was to identify ADH variants, specifically ADH-causing mutations and hypercholesterolemia-associated polymorphisms in multiethnic Malaysian population. We aimed to evaluate published SNPs in ADH causing genes, in this population and to report any unusual trends. We examined a large number of selected SNPs from previous studies of APOB, LDLR, PCSK9 and other genes, in clinically diagnosed ADH patients (n=141) and healthy control subjects (n=111). Selection of SNPs was initiated by searching within genes reported to be associated with ADH from known databases. The important finding was 137 mono-allelic markers (44.1%) and 173 polymorphic markers (55.8%) in both subject groups. By comparing to publicly available data, out of the 137 mono-allelic markers, 23 markers showed significant differences in allele frequency among Malaysians, European Whites, Han Chinese, Yoruba and Gujarati Indians. Our data can serve as reference for others in related fields of study during the planning of their experiments.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Fulltext A case control study in factors that affect mammogram compliance

Chan PY, Latip LS

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):456-61.
PMID: 22390101 MyJurnal
Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Association of TGFβ1 and SMAD4 variants in the etiology of keloid scar in the Malay population

Emami A, Halim AS, Salahshourifar I, Yussof SJ, Khoo TL, Kannan TP

Arch. Dermatol. Res., 2012 Sep;304(7):541-7.
PMID: 22805880 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-012-1262-0

Keloid is a complex condition with environmental and genetic risk-contributing factors. Two candidate genes, TGFβ1 and SMAD4, located in the same signaling pathway are highly expressed in the keloid fibroblast cells. In a case-control design, TGFβ1 haplotypes showed association with the risk of keloid in the present study. The CC haplotype, composed of both c.29C>T and -509T>C variants, was observed more frequently among cases (Corrected p = 0.037, OR = 2.07, 95 % CI = 0.87-4.93), showing a 4.5-fold increased risk for keloid. The AG genotype of the SMAD4 c.5131A>G variant showed a trend of significance (p = 0.0573, OR = 1.75, 95 % CI = 0.99-3.13). Taken together, either of these variants is most probably causative at the expression level or is in linkage disequilibrium with other causative variants in a complex pattern together with the environmental factors that contribute to the condition. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one documented report on a relationship between TGFβ1 and keloid with no association within the Caucasian population, while there have not been any reports for SMAD4. Therefore, the present study is likely the first research showing a significant association between TGFβ1 variants and keloids in the Malay population.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Fulltext Preliminary study on association of beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphism with hypertension in hypertensive subjects attending Balok Health Centre, Kuantan

Atia AE, Norsidah K, Nor Zamzila A, Rafidah Hanim M, Samsul D, Aznan MA, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):25-30.
PMID: 22582545

Polymorphisms within the beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene have been repeatedly linked to hypertension. Among the ADRB2 polymorphisms detected, Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu codons are considered the two most important variations. The amino acid substitution at these codons may lead to abnormal regulation of ADRB2 activity. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between ADRB2 polymorphisms and hypertension. This case-control study consisted of 100 unrelated subjects (50 hypertensive and 50 matched normal controls). Arg16Gly and the Gln27Glu polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. There were no significant evidence of association in allelic and genotypes distribution of Arg16Gly and Glu27Gln with blood pressure and hypertension. These findings suggest that the variation within codon 16 and 27 of ADRB2 gene were unlikely to confer genetic susceptibility for hypertension in our population samples.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Colorectal cancer and its association with the metabolic syndrome: a Malaysian multi-centric case-control study

Ulaganathan V, Kandiah M, Zalilah MS, Faizal JA, Fijeraid H, Normayah K, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(8):3873-7.
PMID: 23098486

OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are both on the rise in Malaysia. A multi-centric case-control study was conducted from December 2009 to January 2011 to determine any relationship between the two.
METHODS: Patients with confirmed CRC based on colonoscopy findings and cancer free controls from five local hospitals were assessed for MetS according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition. Each index case was matched for age, gender and ethnicity with two controls (140: 280).
RESULTS: MetS among cases was highly prevalent (70.7%), especially among women (68.7%). MetS as an entity increased CRC risk by almost three fold independently (OR=2.61, 95%CI=1.53-4.47). In men MetS increased the risk of CRC by two fold (OR=2.01, 95%CI, 1.43-4.56), demonstrating an increasing trend in risk with the number of Mets components observed.
CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for a positive association between the metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer. A prospective study on the Malaysian population is a high priority to confirm these findings.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Evaluation of postural control impairment using Balance Error Scoring System among athletes with ankle injury: an effective tool in daily clinical practice

Vikram M, Sundaraganesh K, Justine M, Kurup M, Leonard JH

Clin Ter, 2012;163(5):383-6.
PMID: 23099965

The main objective of the study was to investigate postural control impairment in athletes with history of ankle injury by using Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and to compare with the controls.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Association analysis of -429T/C and -374T/A polymorphisms of receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) gene in Malaysian with type 2 diabetic retinopathy

Ng ZX, Kuppusamy UR, Tajunisah I, Fong KC, Chua KH

Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2012 Mar;95(3):372-7.
PMID: 22154374 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.11.005

Conflicting results have been reported in different populations on the association between two particular RAGE gene polymorphisms (-429T/C and -374T/A) and retinopathy in diabetic patients. Therefore this study was designed to assess the association between both gene polymorphisms with retinopathy in Malaysian diabetic patients. A total of 342 type 2 diabetic patients [171 without retinopathy (DNR) and 171 with retinopathy (DR)] and 235 healthy controls were included in this study. Genomic DNA was obtained from blood samples and the screening for the gene polymorphisms was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism approach. Overall, the genotype distribution for both polymorphisms was not statistically different (p>0.05) among the control, DNR and DR groups. The -429C minor allele frequency of DR group (12.0%) was not significantly different (p>0.05) when compared to DNR group (16.1%) and healthy controls (11.3%). The -374A allele frequency also did not differ significantly between the control and DNR (p>0.05), control and DR (p>0.05) as well as DNR and DR groups (p>0.05). This is the first study report on RAGE gene polymorphism in Malaysian DR patients. In conclusion, -429T/C and -374T/A polymorphisms in the promoter region of RAGE gene were not associated with Malaysian type 2 DR patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Fulltext Health-related quality of life in patients with diabetic foot problems in Malaysia

Mazlina M, Shamsul AS, Jeffery FA

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Aug;66(3):234-8.
PMID: 22111447 MyJurnal

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of foot problems on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with diabetes in Malaysia. Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire was used to assess the HRQoL of 140 diabetic patients with foot problems attending outpatient diabetic foot clinic in a tertiary hospital, University Malaya Medical Centre. Their HRQoL were compared with 134 diabetic patients without foot problems attending the same clinic. The median score of all the eight SF-36 domains differed significantly between the two groups, where patients with foot problems having statistically significant lower scores. The two domains that were most severely compromised were components of the physical health: Physical Functioning and Role Physical domains. The SF-36 scale scores in diabetic patients with foot problems were also lower than those of the SF-36 norms for the Malaysian population. In conclusion, the results showed that diabetic foot problems negatively affect the patients' HRQoL in both physical and mental health aspects based on the SF-36.
Study site: Diabetic Foot clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Fulltext The contribution of reproductive factors and family history towards premenopausal breast cancer risk in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Razif SM, Sulaiman S, Hanie SS, Aina EN, Rohaizak M, Fuad I, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Aug;66(3):220-6.
PMID: 22111444 MyJurnal

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Malaysian women. This study aimed to determine the reproductive for premenopausal breast cancer risk in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A case-control study was conducted in 216 histopathologically confirmed cases of premenopausal breast cancer and 216 community-based controls that were matched by age within a 5-year period and ethnicity. The results of this study showed that premenopausal breast cancer risks were strongly related to parity, number of live births and family history of breast cancer. Premenopausal women with these known reproductive and family history risk factors should take extra measures to undergo appropriate screening method for early detection of breast cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Risk of the contralateral mucosa in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders

Siar CH, Mah MC, Gill PP

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011;12(3):631-5.
PMID: 21627356

BACKGROUND: It is known that abnormal changes may occur in any part of the oral mucous membrane exposed to a carcinogen. Therefore patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) are at risk of developing similar lesions at multiple sites.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the risk of the contralateral mucosa in patients presenting with oral PMDs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty individuals with PMDs were selected for this study. These comprised 32 (53.3%) Indians, 23 (38.3%) Chinese, four (6.7%) Malays and one (1.7%) Nepalese. All selected cases had histopathological confirmation of their primary existing lesion as inclusion criteria. Cases that subsequently presented with a lesion in the corresponding anatomical site also underwent scalpel incisional biopsy on this second lesion to verify its diagnosis. The remaining cases that presented with unilateral PMDs at the time of study were subjected to a cytobrush biopsy on the normal looking contralateral mucosa.
RESULTS: A total of 70 primary PMDs were detected in 60 patients. The most common PMD found was oral lichen planus (n=40, 57.1%). Of the 60 patients studied, 28 (46.6%) exhibited bilateral lesions either synchronously (n=21, 35.0%) or metachronously (n=7, 11.6%). The remaining cases that had undergone cytobrush biopsy on the corresponding anatomical site yielded normal cytological results.
CONCLUSIONS: Present findings demonstrated that patients presenting with PMDs in the upper aerodigestive tract are at a greater risk of developing a second lesion most probably in the contralateral anatomical site.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Sociocultural and dietary practices among Malay subjects in the north-eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia: a region of low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection

Lee YY, Ismail AW, Mustaffa N, Musa KI, Majid NA, Choo KE, et al.

Helicobacter, 2012 Feb;17(1):54-61.
PMID: 22221617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00917.x

The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is exceptionally low among the Malays in the north-eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia. The reasons are unknown. Our aim was to compare environmental factors that differed in relation to H. pylori prevalence among Malays born and residing in Kelantan.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
'Rallying around the flag': Can an intergroup contact intervention promote national unity?

Al Ramiah A, Hewstone M

Br J Soc Psychol, 2012 Jun;51(2):239-56.
PMID: 21793860 DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.2011.02041.x

A longitudinal study evaluated the success of a contact-based nation-building intervention (the Malaysian National Service Programme) in promoting various facets of national unity. The study assessed how post-test measures of quality of intergroup contact, outgroup evaluations, and levels of identification changed compared to their respective pre-test levels, for both National Service and control group participants. The intervention did not lead to a worsening of any of the constructs related to intergroup relations, which is noteworthy given the novelty for many participants of mixing in a multi-ethnic setting. Furthermore, all rater groups (Malays, Chinese, and Indians) maintained their ethnic identity, even in the presence of high levels of national identity, which we discuss with respect to past research on the effects of positive intergroup contact on minority group identification. However, the changes associated with the intervention yielded only small effect sizes, and, on the whole, National Service participants did not show significantly greater improvement than that experienced by control participants. We discuss the value of intergroup contact in this novel setting, considering various features of this programme that may have limited its effectiveness and discuss how such interventions can more successfully meet their goals.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Fulltext Risk of metabolic syndrome among children living in metropolitan Kuala Lumpur: a case control study

Wee BS, Poh BK, Bulgiba A, Ismail MN, Ruzita AT, Hills AP

BMC Public Health, 2011;11:333.
PMID: 21592367 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-333

With the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, the metabolic syndrome has been studied among children in many countries but not in Malaysia. Hence, this study aimed to compare metabolic risk factors between overweight/obese and normal weight children and to determine the influence of gender and ethnicity on the metabolic syndrome among school children aged 9-12 years in Kuala Lumpur and its metropolitan suburbs.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Fulltext Contribution of diet and major depression to incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

Yary T, Soleimannejad K, Abd Rahim F, Kandiah M, Aazami S, Poor SJ, et al.

Lipids Health Dis, 2010;9:133.
PMID: 21087475 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-9-133

BACKGROUND: Despite significant improvements in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD), it is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity among the Iranian population. Epidemiological studies have documented that risk factors including smoking and the biochemical profile are responsible for the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Psychological factors have been discussed as potential risk factors for coronary heart disease. Among emotional factors, depression correlates with coronary heart disease, particularly myocardial infarction.
METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 120 cases (69 males and 51 females) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 120 controls, with a mean age of 62.48 ± 15.39 years. Cases and controls were matched by age, residence and sex.
RESULTS: The results revealed that severe depression was independently associated with the risk of AMI (P = 0.025, OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-5.8). The analysis of variables indicated that risk factors for developing depression were unmarried, low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total dietary fiber (TDF) and carbohydrates. The levels of these dietary factors were lowest in severely depressed patients compared to those categorised as moderate or mild cases. Furthermore, severely depressed subjects were associated with higher levels of total cholesterol, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) and WHR. Age, income, a family history of coronary heart disease, education level, sex, employment and smoking were not associated with severe depression.
CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that severe depression symptoms are independent risk factors for AMI. Furthermore, severe depression was associated with an unhealthy diet and AMI risk factors.
Study site: Mostafa Hospital, Ilam Province, Iran

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies
Fulltext Is there a genetic variation association in the IL-10 and TNF alpha promoter gene with gestational diabetes mellitus?

Montazeri S, Nalliah S, Radhakrishnan AK

Hereditas, 2010 Apr;147(2):94-102.
PMID: 20536548 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2009.02134.x

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined as carbohydrate intolerance diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy, affects both maternal and fetal health. Possession of a specific genetic polymorphism can be a predisposing factor for susceptibility to some diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the promoter gene of interleukin-10 (IL-10) as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) with the development of GDM. Two hundred and twelve consecutive series of eligible normal pregnant women (controls) and gestational diabetes mellitus women were selected based on the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria. DNA was extracted from blood and genotyped for IL-10 at three positions and TNF alpha for gene polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Plasma levels of IL-10 and TNF alpha at different gestational periods as well as postpartum were quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results of the study showed that the difference in the frequency of SNP at position -597 in the promoter of the human IL-10 gene between the control and GDM groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the frequency of SNP at the other two sites in the promoter region of the human IL-10 gene (-824 and -1082) as well as position -308 in the promoter of the human TNF-alpha (p > 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of plasma levels of IL-10 as well as TNF alpha in different stages of pregnancy. SNP at position -597 was significantly associated with the development of GDM and shows potential for use as a predictive marker for GDM.

Matched MeSH terms: Case-Control Studies

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