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Fulltext Association between dyslipidaemia knowledge & lipid testing practice among adults, a community-based study

Paramalingam H, Daher AM, Hussain S

PLoS One, 2024;19(7):e0306428.
PMID: 39078830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306428

Various factors have been described in the literature to explain the tendency of an individual to undergo medical screenings. This study aimed to assess the association between the level of knowledge about dyslipidaemia and the frequency of lipid testing, as well as the potential impact of predisposing, enabling, and need factors on the uptake of blood lipid screening. This study was a cross-sectional survey involving 314 participants who were Malaysian residents of Taman Selatan, Klang, aged 30 and above. The study utilized a 42-item paper-based bilingual questionnaire to evaluate the predisposing, enabling, and need factors that could potentially influence the practice of lipid testing. Out of the 314 residents approached, 271 responded to the questionnaire yielding a response rate of 86.31%. The median knowledge score was 5 out of 17. Lower monthly income (OR = 3.225, 95% CI = 0.255 to 2.141), higher number of comorbidities (OR = 2.724, 95% CI = 0.037 to 2.013), higher total knowledge score (OR = 1.334, 95% CI = 0.063 to 0.512) and respondent's belief and attitude (OR = 0.813, 95% CI = -2.033 to -0.539), were found to be significantly associated with the frequency of lipid testing. In conclusion, the knowledge level regarding dyslipidaemia was below average and associated with a lower tendency to undergo frequent lipid testing. There is a need for innovative health awareness such as active educational campaigns in various settings of the community. Further qualitative studies that explore the understanding of the publics', and antecedents of their, lipid screening behaviour are required. Appropriate communication by healthcare providers should be encouraged during patient consultations for higher impact.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/blood
Diagnostic accuracy of Cardiochek® PA point-of-care testing (POCT) analyser with a 3-in-1 lipid panel for epidemiological surveys

Robert Lourdes TG, Chong ZL, Saminathan TA, Abd Hamid HA, Mat Rifin H, Wan KS, et al.

Lipids Health Dis, 2024 Sep 12;23(1):297.
PMID: 39267137 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02270-2

BACKGROUND: Point-of-care testing (POCT) is commonly used in epidemiological surveys due to its various advantages, such as portability and immediate test results. The CardioChek® PA analyser 3-in-1 lipid panel measures total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. This study tested the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the CardioChek® PA analyser using a 3-in-1 lipid panel.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study design with quota sampling was used. A total of 203 respondents aged 18 years and above from a research centre in the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, were recruited. Venous blood was sent to the laboratory and tested with Siemens Atellica CH, while a POCT analyser was used for capillary blood measurements. Intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) analysis was employed to determine the agreement between capillary and venous blood parameters. The diagnostic performance of the evaluated tests was evaluated using STATA version 12.
RESULTS: The agreement between capillary and laboratory venous blood was moderate (0.64-0.67) for TC and HDL, good (0.75) for LDL and excellent (0.91) for TG). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were as follows: TC, 57.1%, 94.3%, 92.3% and 64.8%; TG, 76.0%, 100%, 100%, and 96.6%; HDL, 96.2%, 83.2%, 47.2% and 99.3%; and LDL, 81.0%, 100%, 100% and 68.3%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The CardioChek® PA analyser showed acceptable diagnostic accuracy for screening high-risk individuals more often in places where laboratories are inaccessible. It could also be used in clinical settings where patients would benefit from swift treatment decisions.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/blood
Fulltext Protective effect of a lipid-based preparation from Mycobacterium smegmatis in a murine model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis

García Mde L, Borrero R, Lanio ME, Tirado Y, Alvarez N, Puig A, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:273129.
PMID: 25548767 DOI: 10.1155/2014/273129

A more effective vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) is urgently needed. Based on its high genetic homology with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the nonpathogenic mycobacteria, Mycobacterium smegmatis (Ms), could be an attractive source of potential antigens to be included in such a vaccine. We evaluated the capability of lipid-based preparations obtained from Ms to provide a protective response in Balb/c mice after challenge with Mtb H37Rv strain. The intratracheal model of progressive pulmonary TB was used to assess the level of protection in terms of bacterial load as well as the pathological changes in the lungs of immunized Balb/c mice following challenge with Mtb. Mice immunized with the lipid-based preparation from Ms either adjuvanted with Alum (LMs-AL) or nonadjuvanted (LMs) showed significant reductions in bacterial load (P < 0.01) compared to the negative control group (animals immunized with phosphate buffered saline (PBS)). Both lipid formulations showed the same level of protection as Bacille Calmette and Guerin (BCG). Regarding the pathologic changes in the lungs, mice immunized with both lipid formulations showed less pneumonic area when compared with the PBS group (P < 0.01) and showed similar results compared with the BCG group. These findings suggest the potential of LMs as a promising vaccine candidate against TB.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/administration & dosage; Lipids/immunology
Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by crude and fractionated extract from lactic acid bacteria

Wong CB, Khoo BY, Sasidharan S, Piyawattanametha W, Kim SH, Khemthongcharoen N, et al.

Benef Microbes, 2015 Mar;6(1):129-39.
PMID: 25213027 DOI: 10.3920/BM2014.0021

Increasing levels of antibiotic resistance by Staphylococcus aureus have posed a need to search for non-antibiotic alternatives. This study aimed to assess the inhibitory effects of crude and fractionated cell-free supernatants (CFS) of locally isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against a clinical strain of S. aureus. A total of 42 LAB strains were isolated and identified from fresh vegetables, fresh fruits and fermented products prior to evaluation of inhibitory activities. CFS of LAB strains exhibiting a stronger inhibitive effect against S. aureus were fractionated into crude protein, polysaccharide and lipid fractions. Crude protein fractions showed greater inhibition against S. aureus compared to polysaccharide and lipid fractions, with a more prevalent effect from Lactobacillus plantarum 8513 and L. plantarum BT8513. Crude protein, polysaccharide and lipid fractions were also characterised with glycine, mannose and oleic acid being detected as the major component of each fraction, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed roughed and wrinkled membrane morphology of S. aureus upon treatment with crude protein fractions of LAB, suggesting an inhibitory effect via the destruction of cellular membrane. This research illustrated the potential application of fractionated extracts from LAB to inhibit S. aureus for use in the food and health industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/isolation & purification; Lipids/pharmacology
Nanostructured lipid carrier in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of basal-cell carcinoma

Qidwai A, Khan S, Md S, Fazil M, Baboota S, Narang JK, et al.

Drug Deliv, 2016 May;23(4):1476-85.
PMID: 26978275 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2016.1165310

Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative for malignant skin diseases such as basal-cell carcinoma (BCC), due to its simplicity, enhanced patient compliance, and localization of the residual photosensitivity to the site of application. However, insufficient photosensitizer penetration into the skin is the major issue of concern with topical PDT. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to enable penetration of photosensitizer to the different strata of the skin using a lipid nanocarrier system. We have attempted to develop a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) for the topical delivery of second-generation photosensitizer, 5-amino levulinic acid (5-ALA), whose hydrophilicity and charge characteristic limit its percutaneous absorption. The microemulsion technique was used for preparing 5-ALA-loaded NLC. The mean particle size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency of the optimized NLC of 5-ALA were found to be 185.2 ± 1.20, 0.156 ± 0.02, and 76.8 ± 2.58%, respectively. The results of in vitro release and in vitro skin permeation studies showed controlled drug release and enhanced penetration into the skin, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and cell line studies respectively demonstrated that encapsulation of 5-ALA in NLC enhanced its ability to reach deeper skin layers and consequently, increased cytotoxicity.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/administration & dosage; Lipids/chemistry*
Fulltext Enhanced anti-mammary gland cancer activities of tamoxifen-loaded erythropoietin-coated drug delivery system

Beh CY, Rasedee A, Selvarajah GT, Yazan LS, Omar AR, Foong JN, et al.

PLoS One, 2019;14(7):e0219285.
PMID: 31291309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219285

Nanomedicine is an emerging area in the medical field, particularly in the treatment of cancers. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was shown to be a good nanoparticulated carrier for the delivery of tamoxifen (TAM). In this study, the tamoxifen-loaded erythropoietin-coated nanostructured lipid carriers (EPO-TAMNLC) were developed to enhance the anti-cancer properties and targetability of TAM, using EPO as the homing ligand for EPO receptors (EpoRs) on breast cancer tissue cells. Tamoxifen-loaded NLC (TAMNLC) was used for comparison. The LA7 cells and LA7 cell-induced rat mammary gland tumor were used as models in the study. Immunocytochemistry staining showed that LA7 cells express estrogen receptors (ERs) and EpoRs. EPO-TAMNLC and TAMNLC significantly (p<0.05) inhibited proliferation of LA7 in dose- and time-dependent manner. EPO-TAMNLC induced apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest of LA7 cells. Both drug delivery systems showed anti-mammary gland tumor properties. At an intravenous dose of 5 mg kg-1 body weight, EPO-TAMNLC and TAMNLC were not toxic to rats, suggesting that both are safe therapeutic compounds. In conclusion, EPO-TAMNLC is not only a unique drug delivery system because of the dual drug-loading feature, but also potentially highly specific in the targeting of breast cancer tissues positive for ERs and EpoRs. The incorporation of TAM into NLC with and without EPO coat had significantly (p<0.05) improved specificity and safety of the drug carriers in the treatment of mammary gland tumors.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/pharmacology; Lipids/chemistry
Fulltext Fatty Acid Synthase Beta Dehydratase in the Lipid Biosynthesis Pathway Is Required for Conidiogenesis, Pigmentation and Appressorium Formation in Magnaporthe oryzae S6

Sangappillai V, Nadarajah K

Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Sep 30;21(19).
PMID: 33007862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197224

Lipid biosynthesis produces glycerol, which is important in fueling turgor pressure necessary for germination and penetration of plant host by fungi. As the relationship between pathogenicity and the lipid biosynthetic pathway is not fully understood, we have elucidated the role of the fatty acid synthase beta subunit dehydratase (FAS1) gene in lipid biosynthesis. The FAS1 gene was silenced through homologous double crossover in Magnaporthe oryzae strain S6 to study the effect on lipid biosynthesis. The vegetative growth of Δfas1 mutants show the highest drop on oleic acid (between 10 and 50%), while the mycelial dry weight of mutants dropped significantly on all media. Conidiation of FAS1 mutants show a ~10- and ~5-fold reduction on oatmeal and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), respectively. Mutants formed mycelium that were mildly pigmented, indicating that the deletion of FAS1 may have affected melanin biosynthesis. Biochemical and gene expression studies concluded that the fatty acid degradation pathway might have been interrupted by FAS1 deletion. FAS1 mutants showed no enzyme activity on glucose or olive oil, suggesting that the mutants may lack functional peroxisomes and be defective in β-oxidation of fatty acids, hence explaining the reduced lipid deposits in the spores.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/biosynthesis; Lipids/genetics*
Three stage cultivation process of facultative strain of Chlorella sorokiniana for treating dairy farm effluent and lipid enhancement

Hena S, Fatihah N, Tabassum S, Ismail N

Water Res, 2015 Sep 1;80:346-56.
PMID: 26043271 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.05.001

Reserve lipids of microalgae are promising for biodiesel production. However, economically feasible and sustainable energy production from microalgae requires optimization of cultivation conditions for both biomass yield and lipid production of microalgae. Biomass yield and lipid production in microalgae are a contradictory problem because required conditions for both targets are different. Simultaneously, the mass cultivation of microalgae for biofuel production also depends extremely on the performance of the microalgae strains used. In this study a green unicellular microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana (DS6) isolated from the holding tanks of farm wastewater treatment plant using multi-step screening and acclimation procedures was found high-lipid producing facultative heterotrophic microalgae strain capable of growing on dairy farm effluent (DFE) for biodiesel feedstock and wastewater treatment. Morphological features and the phylogenetic analysis for the 18S rRNA identified the isolated strains. A novel three stage cultivation process of facultative strain of C. sorokiniana was examined for lipid production.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/analysis*; Lipids/chemistry
Lipids in an Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Caterpillar Medicinal Mushroom, Cordyceps militaris (Ascomycetes), Reduce Nitric Oxide Production in BV2 Cells via NRF2 and NF-κB Pathways

Nallathamby N, Malek SNA, Vidyadaran S, Phan CW, Sabaratnam V

Int J Med Mushrooms, 2020;22(12):1215-1223.
PMID: 33463938 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2020037001

Cordyceps militaris is known for its curative properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the reduction of nitric oxide production by BV2 cells by the bioactive fraction of stroma powder of C. militaris, and to deduce the potential chemical components and pathways that may be responsible. The CE2 fraction from ethyl acetate extract did not exert any cytotoxic effects toward the BV2 cells at concentrations 0.1 to 100 μg/mL. The CE2 fraction also showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in nitric oxide production at 1-100 μg/mL. At 10 μg/mL, the CE2 fraction attenuated 85% of the NO production in BV2 cells. Further, the CE2 fraction (10 μg/mL) downregulated inflammatory genes, iNOS and COX-2, and upregulated anti-inflammatory genes, HO-1 and NQO-1. The CE2 fraction reduced NO production via activation of NRF2 and NF-κB transcriptions. The chemical constituents of the bioactive CE2 fraction were identified via GCMS. Eleven lipid components were identified including fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and sterols.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/isolation & purification; Lipids/pharmacology*
Preparation and characterization of dutasteride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers coated with stearic acid-chitosan oligomer for topical delivery

Noor NM, Sheikh K, Somavarapu S, Taylor KMG

Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2017 Aug;117:372-384.
PMID: 28412472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.012

Dutasteride, used for treating benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), promotes hair growth. To enhance delivery to the hair follicles and reduce systemic effects, in this study dutasteride has been formulated for topical application, in a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) coated with chitosan oligomer-stearic acid (CSO-SA). CSO-SA has been successfully synthesized, as confirmed using1H NMR and FTIR. Formulation of dutasteride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DST-NLCs) was optimized using a 23full factorial design. This formulation was coated with different concentrations of stearic acid-chitosan solution. Coating DST-NLCs with 5% SA-CSO increased mean size from 187.6±7.0nm to 220.1±11.9nm, and modified surface charge, with zeta potentials being -18.3±0.9mV and +25.8±1.1mV for uncoated and coated DST-NLCs respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed all formulations comprised approximately spherical particles. DST-NLCs, coated and uncoated with CSO-SA, exhibited particle size stability over 60days, when stored at 4-8°C. However, NLCs coated with CSO (without conjugation) showed aggregation when stored at 4-8°C after 30days. The measured particle size for all formulations stored at 25°C suggested aggregation, which was greatest for DST-NLCs coated with 10% CSO-SA and 5% CSO. All nanoparticle formulations exhibited rapid release in an in vitro release study, with uncoated NLCs exhibiting the fastest release rate. Using a Franz diffusion cell, no dutasteride permeated through pig ear skin after 48h, such that it was not detected in the receptor chamber for all samples. The amount of dutasteride in the skin was significantly different (p<0.05) for DST-NLCs (6.09±1.09μg/cm2) without coating and those coated with 5% CSO-SA (2.82±0.40μg/cm2), 10% CSO-SA (2.70±0.35μg/cm2) and CSO (2.11±0.64μg/cm2). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the cytotoxicity (IC50) between dutasteride alone and in the nanoparticles. DST-NLCs coated and uncoated with CSO-SA increased the maximum non-toxic concentration by 20-fold compared to dutasteride alone. These studies indicate that a stearic acid-chitosan conjugate was successfully prepared, and modified the surface charge of DST-NLCs from negative to positive. These stable, less cytotoxic, positively-charged dutasteride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers, with stearic acid-chitosan oligomer conjugate, are appropriate for topical delivery and have potential for promotion of hair growth.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/administration & dosage; Lipids/chemistry*
Fulltext Evaluation of the proximate, fatty acid and mineral composition of representative green, brown and red seaweeds from the Persian Gulf of Iran as potential food and feed resources

Rohani-Ghadikolaei K, Abdulalian E, Ng WK

J Food Sci Technol, 2012 Dec;49(6):774-80.
PMID: 24293698 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-010-0220-0

The proximate, fatty acid and mineral composition were determined for green (Ulva lactuca and Enteromorpha intestinalis), brown (Sargassum ilicifolium and Colpomenia sinuosa) and red (Hypnea valentiae and Gracilaria corticata) seaweeds collected from the Persian Gulf of Iran. Results showed that the seaweeds were high in carbohydrate (31.8-59.1%, dry weight) and ash (12.4-29.9%) but low in lipid content (1.5-3.6%). The protein content of red or green seaweeds was significantly higher (p

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Fulltext Quality Assessment of Longissimus and Semitendinosus Muscles from Beef Cattle Subjected to Non-penetrative and Penetrative Percussive Stunning Methods

Sazili AQ, Norbaiyah B, Zulkifli I, Goh YM, Lotfi M, Small AH

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2013 May;26(5):723-31.
PMID: 25049845 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12563

This study provides a comparative analysis of the effects of pre-slaughter penetrative and non-penetrative stunning and post-slaughter stunning on meat quality attributes in longissimus lumborum (LL) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles in heifers. Ten animals were assigned to each of four treatment groups: i) animals were subjected to conventional Halal slaughter (a clean incision through the structures at the front of the upper neck - the trachea, oesophagus, carotid arteries and jugular veins) and post-cut penetrating mechanical stun within 10 to 20 s of the neck cut (Unstunned; US); ii) high power non-penetrating mechanical stunning followed by the neck cut (HPNP); iii) low power non-penetrating mechanical stunning followed by the neck cut (LPNP); and iv) penetrative stunning using a captive bolt pistol followed by the neck cut (P). For each carcass, muscle samples were removed within 45 min of slaughter, portioned and analysed for pH, cooking loss, water holding capacity (WHC), tenderness (WBS), lipid oxidation (TBARS) and color, over a two week storage period. Stunning did not affect pH and cooking loss. Significant differences in water holding capacity, tenderness, lipid oxidation and color were present at different storage time points. HPNP stunning resulted in lower WHC and color values, particularly lightness (L*), higher TBARS values and peak force values compared with those stunned using LPNP, P and US. These adverse effects on quality were mostly encountered in the ST muscle. In conclusion, the meat quality achieved using P, LPNP and US treatments was comparable, and no treatment stood out as considerably better than another.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Fulltext A review of maturation diets for mud crab genus Scylla broodstock: Present research, problems and future perspective

Azra MN, Ikhwanuddin M

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2016 Mar;23(2):257-67.
PMID: 26981008 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.03.011

Study of broodstock maturation diets is important in order to increase the quality of berried females, which indirectly improve the larval quantity in the hatchery production of cultured species. This paper reviewed the studies on the maturation diets for mud crab broodstock, genus Scylla and compared independently to identify their effect on reproductive performance and larval quality. The broodstock is usually caught from the wild and held in the spawning or maturation tank for further use of hatchery seed production. Mud crab broodstock was fed either natural diet, artificial diet or mixed diet. Trash fishes were commonly used as a natural feed for mud crab broodstock; meanwhile artificial diets are from formulated fish meal and various kinds of feed. The results indicated that mud crab broodstock has a high dietary requirement for lipids, fatty acids and protein which are to be used during the maturation and breeding processes. However, the natural diet produce better larval quality compared to the artificial diet. The mixed diet is the better diet which resulted in better reproductive performances such as growth, survival, fecundity and maturation processes. This review also discusses the problems in the previous studies for the potential future research to develop very high quality and cost-effective formulated diet for the enhancement of broodstock and seed production technology. Information from this review can be useful in developing a better quality of crustacean broodstock's diet for commercial hatchery production.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Feasibility study of biodiesel production using lipids of Hermetia illucens larva fed with organic waste

Leong SY, Kutty SR, Malakahmad A, Tan CK

Waste Manag, 2016 Jan;47(Pt A):84-90.
PMID: 25872864 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.03.030

Hermetia illucens larvae by nature are a decomposer which fed on organic wastes. This study explores the potential of producing biodiesel using lipids from H. illucens larvae. Three types of organic wastes (sewage sludge, fruit waste and palm decanter cake from oil palm mill) were selected based on considerable generation and disposal concern in the area of study as well as lack of investigations as feed for Hermetia illucens larvae in current literatures. Growth rate of the larvae was determined with studying the changes in the biomass per day. H. illucens larvae fed with fruit waste and palm decanter cake have shown growth rates of 0.52±0.02 and 0.23±0.09 g d(-1), respectively. No positive sign of growth were observed in the larvae fed with treated sewage sludge (-0.04±0.01 g d(-1)). Biodiesel as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was synthesized by transesterification of the larvae lipid using sulphuric acid as catalyst in methanol. FAME produced was ascertained using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and GC-MS. The main compositions of fatty acid were found to be C12:0, C16:0 and C18:1n9c. Fatty acid composition of C12:0 fed with fruit waste, sewage sludge and palm decanter was found to be most abundant in the larvae lipid. The amount of C12:0 obtained was 76.13%, 58.31% and 48.06%, respectively. In addition, fatty acid of C16:0 was attained at 16.48% and 25.48% fed with sewage sludge and palm decanter, respectively. Based on the findings, FAME derived from larvae lipids is feasible to be used for biodiesel production.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Fulltext Reinventing nano drug delivery systems for hydrophilic active ingredients in Ayurvedic lipid based formulations containing poly herbal decoction

Duraipandi S, Selvakumar V

J Ayurveda Integr Med, 2019 01 08;11(3):224-227.
PMID: 30635246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.01.008

BACKGROUND: Anu Tailam, an Ayurvedic medicated oil where 'anu' meant for atom and 'tailam' meant for oil and virtually meant for 'oil of subtle or atomic size particles'. Since the major active ingredients in this formulation are incorporated from the polyherbal decoction, it is expected to contain predominantly water soluble ingredients.
OBJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that these polar active botanical ingredients are present in the formulation should be either suspended in the form of submicron particles or entrapped in the submicron vesicular structures since the formulation did not show any precipitation or phase separation instead showed a monophasic oily liquid with very little moisture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present investigation, the micro architecture of the anu tailam is studied via column chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography to prove the contents are polar hydrophilic compounds followed by optical microscopy, photon correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) to study the particle/vesicle size of the formulation.
RESULTS: In this study, it was proved that the formulation contained only polar ingredients and can be extracted in polar solvents like methanol and ethanol. It was also found that the formulation taken for study contained nano particles of the active botanical ingredients embedded in a network of vesicular structures of the lipid base.
CONCLUSION: The selected Ayurvedic formulation 'anutailam' found to contain novel nano drug delivery system to deliver water soluble ingredients across barriers.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Fulltext Oral bioavailability enhancement of acyclovir from solid lipid nanoparticles drug delivery system

Haniza Hassan, Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin, Ekram Alias, Meor Mohd Redzuan Meor Mohd Affandi, Siti Khadijah Adam, Rusliza Basir

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(107):2-2.
MyJurnal

Introduction:Acyclovir, a widely marketed antiviral drug is used for the treatment of Herpes Simplex infection. High doses of acyclovir are prescribed to patients to attain its maximum therapeutic effect due to its poor absorption and low oral bioavailability. The current therapeutics regiment of acyclovir are known to cause unwarranted adverse effects, thus prompted the need for a suitable drug carrier to improve the pharmacokinetic limitations. Develop-ment of solid lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery of acyclovir proposed in this study aimed to enhance acyclovir oral bioavailability. Methods: Comprehensive experiments and a series of optimization process were carried out to ensure reproducibility and assurance of product quality. The physicochemical characteristics of the solid lipid nanoparticles developed from plant-based solid lipid, Biogapress Vegetal 297 ATO with polysorbate 80 as an emul-sifying agent were also evaluated. Results: The spherical-shaped nanoparticles had an average size of 123 nm with good drug entrapment efficiency, up to 80%. The in vitro drug release study showed that solid lipid nanoparticles had prolonged acyclovir release in simulated intestinal fluid for 24 hours. The nanoparticles formulation was con-sidered stable during storage at refrigerated temperature for at least three months. In vivo oral bioavailability study showed that acyclovir-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles possessed superior oral bioavailability when compared with the commercial acyclovir suspension. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study exhibited the feasibility of solid lipid nanoparticles as an oral delivery vehicle for acyclovir and therefore represent a new promising therapeutic concept of nanoparticulate delivery system.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Fulltext Acyclovir-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Optimization, Characterization and Evaluation of Its Pharmacokinetic Profile

Hassan H, Bello RO, Adam SK, Alias E, Meor Mohd Affandi MMR, Shamsuddin AF, et al.

Nanomaterials (Basel), 2020 Sep 09;10(9).
PMID: 32916823 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091785

Acyclovir is an antiviral drug used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infection. Its oral bioavailability is low; therefore, frequent and high doses are prescribed for optimum therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the current therapeutic regimen of acyclovir is associated with unwarranted adverse effects, hence prompting the need for a suitable drug carrier to overcome these limitations. This study aimed to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as acyclovir carriers and evaluate their in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters to prove the study hypothesis. During the SLN development process, response surface methodology was exploited to optimize the composition of solid lipid and surfactant. Optimum combination of Biogapress Vegetal 297 ATO and Tween 80 was found essential to produce SLNs of 134 nm. The oral bioavailability study showed that acyclovir-loaded SLNs possessed superior oral bioavailability when compared with the commercial acyclovir suspension. The plasma concentration of acyclovir-loaded SLNs was four-fold higher than the commercial suspension. Thus, this investigation presented promising results that the method developed for encapsulation of acyclovir offers potential as an alternative pathway to enhance the drug's bioavailability. In conclusion, this study exhibited the feasibility of SLNs as an oral delivery vehicle for acyclovir and therefore represents a new promising therapeutic concept of acyclovir treatment via a nanoparticulate drug delivery system.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Fulltext Multimorbidity After Surgical Menopause Treated with Individualized Classical Homeopathy: A Case Report

Mahesh S, Denisova T, Gerasimova L, Pakhmutova N, Mallappa M, Vithoulkas G

Clin Med Insights Case Rep, 2020;13:1179547620965560.
PMID: 33149716 DOI: 10.1177/1179547620965560

Classical homeopathy was shown to be beneficial in climacteric syndrome in many studies, but the clinical effect is unclear. To inspect if individualized classical homeopathy has a role in treating complaints after surgical menopause through real world case, we present a case of a 54-year-old Russian woman treated with individualized classical homeopathy for multimorbid conditions after surgical menopause examined for changes from homeopathic treatment. We assessed changes in climacteric symptoms, changes in comorbidities, and the general well-being of the patient. The woman had severe climacteric syndrome, pelvic inflammatory disease, dyslipidemia, obesity, hepatic steatosis, pancreatic lipomatosis, gall bladder disease, and mild subclinical hypothyroidism to begin with. She was treated with individualized classical homeopathy and followed up for 31 months. She was relieved of the vasomotor symptoms and psychological disturbances of climacteric syndrome, her weight reduced, the ultrasound scan showed absence of lipomatosis/gall bladder disease/hepatic steatosis. Blood tests showed reduction of thyroid stimulating hormone and a balance in the lipid status. Individualized classical homeopathy may have a role in the climacteric syndrome and comorbidities after surgical menopause. The efficacy of homeopathic therapy in climacteric problems must be scientifically investigated further.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Fulltext Membrane Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Cholesterol-Modified Lipid Systems: Effect of Gold Nanoparticle Size

Faried M, Suga K, Okamoto Y, Shameli K, Miyake M, Umakoshi H

ACS Omega, 2019 Aug 27;4(9):13687-13695.
PMID: 31497686 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01073

A gold nanoparticle (AuNP) has a localized surface plasmon resonance peak depending on its size, which is often utilized for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). To obtain information on the cholesterol (Chol)-incorporated lipid membranes by SERS, AuNPs (5, 100 nm) were first functionalized by 1-octanethiol and then modified by lipids (AuNP@lipid). In membrane surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (MSERS), both signals from 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and Chol molecules were enhanced, depending on preparation conditions (size of AuNPs and lipid/AuNP ratio). The enhancement factors (EFs) were calculated to estimate the efficiency of AuNPs on Raman enhancement. The size of AuNP100nm@lipid was 152.0 ± 12.8 nm, which showed an surface enhancement Raman spectrum with an EF2850 value of 111 ± 9. The size of AuNP5nm@lipid prepared with a lipid/AuNP ratio of 1.38 × 104 (lipid molecule/particle) was 275.3 ± 20.2 nm, which showed the highest enhancement with an EF2850 value of 131 ± 21. On the basis of fluorescent probe analyses, the membrane fluidity and polarity of AuNP@lipid were almost similar to DOPC/Chol liposome, indicating an intact membrane of DOPC/Chol after modification with AuNPs. Finally, the membrane properties of AuNP@lipid systems were also discussed on the basis of the obtained MSERS signals.

Matched MeSH terms: Membrane Lipids
Fulltext Randomized control trial study on the effect of wet cupping on lipid profile

Suhaily, M.H., Ismail, A.A., Najib, M.Y.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(2):11-17.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Dyslipidaemia is one of the risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular
diseases (CVDs). This study was conducted to investigate the effect of wet cupping on lipid profile.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2012 at the School of Medical Sciences,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. Sixty-two healthy volunteers ranging from 30 to 60 years old were
randomized into control and intervention groups. Subjects in the intervention group were assigned to two
sessions of wet cupping at the beginning of the study and at the third month; individuals in the control group
did not undergo any cupping procedure. Venous blood sample was collected for serum lipid profile: Total
Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C),
and triglycerides; measured at baseline, first, third and fourth month.

Results: Subjects in the cupping
group had significant improvements from baseline to third and fourth month for TC (MD=-0.56, P=0.004),
HDL-C (MD=-0.22, P

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids

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