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Fulltext The relationship between extrinsic motivation and physical activity level among students

Kamal AA, Zulkifli AF

Movement Health & Exercise, 2019;8(1):145-156.
MyJurnal

Nowadays, people have realized that physical activity plays a critical role in determining the health and wellness of an individual. This is proven by the extensive research on this area, which indicates that people have started to emphasize this matter. In addition, it is also well known that motivation is one of the main factors that determine whether people will participate in performing physical activity or not. Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivators play a major role in determining levels of physical activity. Therefore, this study is made to investigate the relationship between extrinsic motivation and physical activity level. The researcher randomly selected 195 students from SMK Alam Megah 2, Seksyen 28, Shah Alam, Selangor as respondents for this study. The method of this study includes a questionnaire adapted from International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Exercise Motivation Inventory (EMI), which was edited to fulfil the requirements of this study. The results from this study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between extrinsic motivation and physical activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Evaluation of hexaflumuron for controlling the subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Malaysia

Sajap AS, Amit S, Welker J

J Econ Entomol, 2000 Apr;93(2):429-33.
PMID: 10826196

Cellulosic bait matrices containing 0.5% hexaflumuron were tested against field colonies of the subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren in Malaysia. Foraging activities of the termites were first monitored for several months by using survey stakes and wood bundles placed in underground monitoring traps. Infested stakes were replaced with bait devices. Termite workers to act as recruits were collected from infested stakes and placed in the bait devices. Subsequent activities of the termites were monitored by examining and weighing the wood in the monitoring traps. Data show that the four colonies had populations of 166,288-709,052 foragers and mean wood consumption rates of 305.9-508.2 g/mo per trap. These colonies ceased their activities at all monitoring devices 25-44 d after baiting had commenced. Colonies consumed approximately 27-79 g of bait matrix or 137.5-395 mg of hexaflumuron. Thus, C. curvignathus colonies could be monitored, characterized, baited, and foraging eliminated by using a bait matrix containing hexaflumuron.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Genetic Diversity of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Species Complex Across Malaysia

Shadmany M, Boykin LM, Muhamad R, Omar D

J Econ Entomol, 2019 02 12;112(1):75-84.
PMID: 30272175 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy273

The tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a cryptic species complex with members capable of inducing huge economic losses. Precise identification of members of this complex proves essential in managing existing populations and preventing new incursions. Despite records of serious outbreaks of this pest in Malaysia little is known about species status of B. tabaci in this region. To address this, a comprehensive sampling of B. tabaci from different host plants was conducted in 10 states of Malaysia from 2010 to 2012. Members of the complex were identified by sequencing partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene and constructing a Bayesian phylogenetic tree. Seven putative species were identified including Asia I, Mediterranean (MED), China 1, China 2, Asia II 6, Asia II 7, and Asia II 10. The most important finding of the study is the identification of the invasive MED species from locations without previous records of this species. All putative species except Asia I and MED are recorded from Malaysia for the first time. This study provided the first introductory map of B. tabaci species composition in Malaysia and emphasizes the urgent need for further studies to assess the status of MED invasion in this country.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext The Executive Skills Questionnaire-Revised: Adaptation and Psychometric Properties in the Working Context of Malaysia

Nasir H, Tan CS, Pheh KS

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 08 26;18(17).
PMID: 34501571 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178978

Executive functions (EFs) are a set of high-level cognitive and behavioral monitoring skills that are important to employees' work performance. The 25-item Executive Skills Questionnaire-Revised (ESQ-R) measures executive dysfunction in five dimensions (e.g., emotional regulation). Nevertheless, the usability of this newly developed scale for employees remains unclear. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the adopted ESQ-R for working adults in Malaysia. A total of 325 employees responded to an online survey consisted of the ESQ-R, Executive Function Index (EFI), self-rated creativity scale (SRCS), and 9-item Utretch Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) and Employee Well-being Scale. Several CFAs were conducted to compare three competing models. While all models showed a good fit, the 5-factor second-order model that is in line with the theoretical structure is preferable. The ESQ-R showed excellent internal consistency. Moreover, the ESQ-R score was negatively correlated with EFI, creativity, and UWES-9 scores, supporting the convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. The ESQ-R score also explained incremental variance in well-being above and beyond scores of the UWES-9 and SRCS. Taken together, the ESQ-R is a useful tool for assessing employees' executive dysfunction and suggesting intervention programs helping employees with deficits in EFs.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Soft ticks (Acari: Argasidae) in the island nations of Southeast Asia: A review on their distribution, associated hosts and potential pathogens

Kazim AR, Houssaini J, Ehlers J, Tappe D, Heo CC

Acta Trop, 2021 Nov;223:106085.
PMID: 34389326 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106085

Soft ticks (Acari: Argasidae) are the second major family of the blood feeding metastriates and vectors of a number of viral and bacterial pathogens for both humans and animals. Despite the growing effort on tick surveillance and studies worldwide, there is still limited information on the soft tick distribution in the island nations of Southeast Asia, especially species that are medically and veterinarily important. With the aim to provide an overview of the current status of knowledge on soft tick distribution in the island nations of Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia, the Philippines and Timor-Leste), this article reviews the species of soft ticks (Acari: Argasidae) and their associated hosts and pathogens, with the addition of a pictorial summary and list of tick species discovered in this region. The most prevalent soft tick genus is Carios, and the host species most associated with findings of soft ticks in this region are bats, particularly of the Pteropodidae and Vespertilionidae families. Furthermore, the only known pathogen originating from soft ticks in the island nations of Southeast Asia was the Keterah virus, which was isolated from Argas pusillus tick in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Lexical analyses of the function and phonology of Papuan Malay word stress

Kaland C, Kluge A, van Heuven VJ

Phonetica, 2021 04 27;78(2):141-168.
PMID: 33892529 DOI: 10.1515/phon-2021-2003

The existence of word stress in Indonesian languages has been controversial. Recent acoustic analyses of Papuan Malay suggest that this language has word stress, counter to other studies and unlike closely related languages. The current study further investigates Papuan Malay by means of lexical (non-acoustic) analyses of two different aspects of word stress. In particular, this paper reports two distribution analyses of a word corpus, 1) investigating the extent to which stress patterns may help word recognition and 2) exploring the phonological factors that predict the distribution of stress patterns. The facilitating role of stress patterns in word recognition was investigated in a lexical analysis of word embeddings. The results show that Papuan Malay word stress (potentially) helps to disambiguate words. As for stress predictors, a random forest analysis investigated the effect of multiple morpho-phonological factors on stress placement. It was found that the mid vowels /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ play a central role in stress placement, refining the conclusions of previous work that mainly focused on /ɛ/. The current study confirms that non-acoustic research on stress can complement acoustic research in important ways. Crucially, the combined findings on stress in Papuan Malay so far give rise to an integrated perspective to word stress, in which phonetic, phonological and cognitive factors are considered.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
The pharmacological potential of Phyllanthus niruri

Lee NY, Khoo WK, Adnan MA, Mahalingam TP, Fernandez AR, Jeevaratnam K

J Pharm Pharmacol, 2016 Jun 10.
PMID: 27283048 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12565

Phyllanthus niruri is a traditional shrub of the genus Phyllanthaceae with long-standing Ayurvedic, Chinese and Malay ethnomedical records. Preliminary studies from cell and animal model have provided valuable scientific evidence for its use.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
A review of lung cancer research in Malaysia

Kan CS, Chan KM

Med J Malaysia, 2016 06;71(Suppl 1):70-78.
PMID: 27801389 MyJurnal

Lung cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Malaysia and worldwide. This paper reviews all research and publications on lung cancer in Malaysia published between 2000-2015. 89 papers were identified, of which 64 papers were selected and reviewed on the basis of their relevance to the review. The epidemiology, risk factors, cell types, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, prevention, and the social impact of lung cancer in the country are reviewed and summarized. The clinical relevance of the studies done in the country are discussed along with recommendations for future research.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext A summary report of the workshop on the 'academic leadership training in the AIMST University, Malaysia'

Premkumar R, Bhore SJ

J Young Pharm, 2013 Jun;5(2):67-9.
PMID: 24023458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jyp.2013.04.001

In Malaysia, there are 81 (as on February 15, 2013) higher education institutions including satellite branches of the foreign universities. In northern part of the Peninsular Malaysia, AIMST University is the first private not-for-profit university and aims to become a premier private university in the country and the region. The workshop described in this article was designed to develop and enhance the capacity of academic staff-in-leadership-role for the University. This type of workshops may be a good method to enhance the leadership qualities of the head of each unit, department, school and faculty in each university.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Circulating miRNAs in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with and without Albuminuria in Malaysia

Zahari Sham SY, Ng CT, Azwar S, Yip WK, Abdullah M, Thevandran K, et al.

Kidney Blood Press Res, 2022;47(2):81-93.
PMID: 35158353 DOI: 10.1159/000518866

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. Dysregulation of circulating miRNAs has been reported, suggesting their pathological roles in DKD. This study aimed to investigate differentially expressed miRNAs in the sera of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without albuminuria in a selected Malaysian population.
METHOD: Forty-one T2DM patients on follow-up at a community clinic were divided into normo-(NA), micro-(MIC), and macroalbuminuria (MAC) groups. Differential levels of miRNAs in 12 samples were determined using the pathway-focused (human fibrosis) miScript miRNA qPCR array and was validated in 33 samples, using the miScript custom qPCR array (CMIHS02742) (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany).
RESULTS: Trends of upregulation of 3 miRNAs in the serum, namely, miR-874-3p, miR-101-3p, and miR-145-5p of T2DM patients with MAC compared to those with NA. Statistically significant upregulation of miR-874-3p (p = 0.04) and miR-101-3p (p = 0.01) was seen in validation cohort. Significant negative correlations between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and miR-874-3p (p = 0.05), miR-101-3p (p = 0.03), and miR-145-5p (p = 0.05) as well as positive correlation between miR-874-3p and age (p = 0.03) were shown by Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis.
CONCLUSION: Upregulation of previously known miRNA, namely, miR-145-5p, and possibly novel ones, namely, miR-874-3p and miR-101-3p in the serum of T2DM patients, was found in this study. There was a significant correlation between the eGFR and these miRNAs. The findings of this study have provided encouraging evidence to further investigate the putative roles of these differentially expressed miRNAs in DKD.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Malaysian medical students' self-reported empathy: A cross-sectional comparative study

Williams B, Sadasivan S, Kadirvelu A

Med J Malaysia, 2015 Apr;70(2):76-80.
PMID: 26162381

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare empathy levels between first year and second year medical students at a Malaysian University.
SETTING: A Malaysian University offering undergraduate medicine.
PARTICIPANTS: 204 undergraduate medical students were included in the data analysis (122 first years, and 102 second years).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self-reported empathy scores using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (Student Version) JSPE-S.
RESULTS: The mean empathy score for first year students was 112.1(SD=10.7). This was significantly higher (p<0.038; d=0.31) than second year students (mean=108.8, SD=10.4). No significant difference relating to gender was identified.
CONCLUSION: Cross-sectional results from this study found that that there were differences in self-reported empathy scores between year one and year two students. Further research is required to ascertain if these differences are maintained as students' progress thought their medical degree, and whether other factors such as internships, medical rotations or clinical supervision have any impact of medical students' empathy levels.
Study site: Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Who does what in human factors/ergonomics in Malaysia?

Ahasan R

J Hum Ergol (Tokyo), 2014 Dec;43(2):97-104.
PMID: 26630829 DOI: 10.11183/jhe.43.2_97

Individuals' expertise in human factors and ergonomics in Malaysia was studied with a view to aiding in gauging the confusion and conjectures of the expertise in this area. The choices and preferences of individuals in dealing with the current issues of human factors and ergonomics were examined. The authors suggest the ways to meet ethical challenges in their work and professions.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Empathy levels among first year Malaysian medical students: an observational study

Williams B, Sadasivan S, Kadirvelu A, Olaussen A

Adv Med Educ Pract, 2014;5:149-56.
PMID: 24876799 DOI: 10.2147/AMEP.S58094

BACKGROUND: The literature indicates that medical practitioners experience declining empathy levels in clinical practice. This highlights the need to educate medical students about empathy as an attribute early in the academic curriculum. The objective of this study was to evaluate year one students' self-reported empathy levels following a 2-hour empathy workshop at a large medical school in Malaysia.
METHODS: Changes in empathy scores were examined using a paired repeated-measures t-test in this prospective before and after study.
RESULTS: Analyzing the matched data, there was a statistically significant difference and moderate effect size between mean empathy scores before and 5 weeks after the workshop (112.08±10.67 versus 117.93±13.13, P<0.0001, d=0.48) using the Jefferson Scale Physician Empathy (Student Version).
CONCLUSION: The results of this observational study indicate improved mean self-reported empathy scores following an empathy workshop.
KEYWORDS: Malaysia; empathy; medical students
Study site: Jeffry Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Parasitic infection in foreign workers: Serological findings

Zurainee MN, Khairul Anuar A, Khatijah O, Sri Suriati A, Noraishah S

JUMMEC, 2002;7:12-12.

The serology result of parasitic infections of 260 foreign workers who were seen at the University of Malaya Medical Center, during 7 months period is reported here. The 260 foreign workers comprised 114 Indonesians, 142 Bangladeshis, 2 Myanmarese and 2 Pakistanis.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Clinical Practice Guidelines on Management of Dementia, Third Edition

Citation: Health Technology Assessment Unit. Clinical Practice Guidelines on Management of Dementia, Third Edition. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2021

Older version:
Second edition (2009). https://www.moh.gov.my/moh/attachments/3972.pdf
First edition (2003)

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Malaysian Guidelines in the Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections, Fourth Edition

Citation: Malaysian Guidelines in the Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections, Fourth Edition. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2015

Older version: Third Edition (2008)

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext An assessment of dental students' empathy levels in Malaysia

Babar MG, Omar H, Lim LP, Khan SA, Mitha S, Ahmad SFB, et al.

Int J Med Educ, 2013;4:223-229.
DOI: 10.5116/ijme.5259.4513

Objectives: To examine the validity and reliability of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Care Provider Student version (JSE-HPS) in a sample of dental students in Malaysia, with the secondary aim of assessing empathy levels in first to final year dental students in public and private universities in Malaysia.
Methods: The JSE-HPS was administered to 582 first to fifth (final) year dental students; 441 were enrolled at two public universities and 141 at a private university in Malaysia. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS® version 18.
Results: The JSE-HPS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.70). A three-factor solution emerged and included ‘perspective taking’, ‘compassionate care’ and ‘standing in patient’s shoes’ factors, accounting for 27.7%, 13.9%, and 6.3% of the variance, respectively. The total mean empathy score was 84.11±9.80, where the actual scores ranged from a low of 22.05 to a high of 133.35. Overall, male students (84.97 ± 11.12) were more empathic than female students (83.78±9.24). Fourth-year students were more empathic than students in other undergraduate years, and public university students had significantly higher mean empathy score compared to those enrolled at a private university (84.74 versus 82.13, p=0.001).
Conclusions: This study confirms the construct validity and internal consistency of the JSE-HPS for measuring empathy in dental students. Empathy scores among students vary depending on type of university and year of study. Future studies, preferably longitudinal in design should explore changes in empathy among dental students during progression through undergraduate courses.
Keywords: Empathy, dental, students, university, Malaysia
Study site: University of Malaya (UM), University Technology Mara (UiTM), International Medical University (IMU), Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext An assessment of pharmacy students’ empathy levels in Malaysia

Hasan SS, Babar MG, Kai K, Mitha S

Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research, 2013;3:531-40.

This study examined the validity and reliability of the student version of Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Profession (JSE-HPS) in a sample of pharmacy students and to subsequently use JSE-HPS to assess empathy levels in first to fourth (final) year pharmacy students in public and private universities in Malaysia. The JSE-HPS was administered to 719 first to fourth (final) year pharmacy students; 313 were enrolled at a public university and 406 at a private university in Malaysia. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS® version 18. The JSE-HPS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.70). A three-factor solution emerged and included ‘perspective taking’, ‘compassionate care’ and ‘standing in patient’s shoes’ factors, accounting for 16.4%, 16%, and 7.6% of the variance, respectively. The total mean empathy score was 83.02±8.23, the actual score ranged between 46.05 and 113.25. Overall, males and students of Malay origin were more empathic than females and students of other ethnic origins. Junior students (year one and two) were more empathic than senior students (year three and four), and public university students had significantly higher mean empathy score compared to those enrolled at a private university (83.89 versus 82.34, p=0.012). This study confirms the construct validity and internal consistency of the JSE-HPS for measuring empathy in pharmacy students. Empathy scores among students vary depending on type of university and year of study.
Keywords: Empathy, pharmacy students, public, private, university, Malaysia
Study site: University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), International Medical University (IMU), Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Investigating the psychometric properties of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy in a sample of Malaysian medical students

Spasenoska M, Costello S, Williams B

Adv Med Educ Pract, 2016;7:331-9.
PMID: 27350763 DOI: 10.2147/AMEP.S96591

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy - student version (JSPE-S).
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study recruited 193 Malaysian medical students enrolled in year one and year two studies. A principal-component analysis with Varimax rotation was conducted. Procrustes rotation was used to confirm the item to model fit, which allows for a comparison of actual structure against an ideal hypothesized structure. Items were systematically removed based on low communalities of < 0.3 and poor loading of items onto components.
RESULTS: A two-component solution was found, comprised of "perspective taking" and "compassionate care". Following item removal, eleven items remained. A Procrustes analysis revealed that this eleven-item measure demonstrated an excellent model fit. A possible third component was identified, though is not recommended for use, due to construct underrepresentation.
CONCLUSION: This study found the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy fitted best to a two-component model using eleven items. Item, component, and overall congruence were very high, and scale reliabilities were adequate. The results of this study suggest that the eleven-item, two-component solution demonstrates excellent psychometric properties and structural validity in a Malaysian medical student population. Future research could consider using the short eleven-item measure in both student and health care profession samples to investigate the role of empathy in health care.
Study site:; Jeffry Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
A dermatoglyphic study of the Malays and Chinese of Malaysia

Ganeson D, Chattopadhyay PK, Sunderland E, Woolley V

Ann Hum Biol, 1982 May-Jun;9(3):283-5.
PMID: 7103408
Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia

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