Displaying publications 241 - 260 of 1625 in total

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  1. Kho SS, Chai CS, Nyanti LE, Ismail AMB, Tie ST
    BMC Pulm Med, 2020 Jun 03;20(1):158.
    PMID: 32493437 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01199-3
    BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is frequently situated peripherally in the upper lobes of the lung. Acquiring adequate tissue from this difficult-to-reach area remains a challenge. Transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) has the ability to acquire larger specimens, but the rigidity of the standard 1.9 mm and 2.4 mm cryoprobes frequently poses challenges when used with a guide sheath (GS). The novel 1.1 mm cryoprobe, being both smaller and more flexible, may address this limitation. We describe the usage of this 1.1 mm flexible cryoprobe with GS in the biopsy of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) in the apical segment of the upper lobe in two cases.

    CASE REPORT: Both procedures were conducted with advanced airway under total intravenous anaesthesia. 2.6 mm GS was used in combination with a 2.2 mm rEBUS probe, using a therapeutic bronchoscope. Case 1 describes a SPN in the apical segment of the right upper lobe that was inconclusive by forceps biopsy due to GS displacement and inadequate biopsy depth. A steerable GS combined with the novel cryoprobe subsequently overcame this issue. Case 2 describes a SPN in the apical segment of the left upper lobe in which the standard cryoprobe failed to advance through the GS due to steep angulation. It also highlights with shorter activation time, the novel cryoprobe enable biopsied tissue to be retrieved through the GS while the bronchoscope-GS remains wedgend in the airway segment. There were no bleeding or pneumothorax complications in both cases, and histopathological examination confirmed adenocarcinoma of the lung.

    CONCLUSION: The 1.1 mm flexible cryoprobe in combination with GS and therapeutic bronchoscope offers an option to acquire adequate tissue in difficult-to-reach regions in the lung such as the apical segment of upper lobes. Further prospective series to evaluate its performance and safety in SPN biopsy is highly anticipated.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/pathology*
  2. Butt J, Jenab M, Pawlita M, Overvad K, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, et al.
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2019 Sep;28(9):1552-1555.
    PMID: 31481495 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0313
    BACKGROUND: There is a lack of prospective data on the potential association of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and colorectal cancer risk. In this study, we assessed whether antibody responses to F. nucleatum are associated with colorectal cancer risk in prediagnostic serum samples in the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer (EPIC) cohort.

    METHODS: We applied a multiplex serology assay to simultaneously measure antibody responses to 11 F. nucleatum antigens in prediagnostic serum samples from 485 colorectal cancer cases and 485 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

    RESULTS: We observed neither a statistically significant colorectal cancer risk association for antibodies to individual F. nucleatum proteins nor for combined positivity to any of the 11 proteins (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.62-1.06).

    CONCLUSIONS: Antibody responses to F. nucleatum proteins in prediagnostic serum samples from a subset of colorectal cancer cases and matched controls within the EPIC study were not associated with colorectal cancer risk.

    IMPACT: Our findings in prospectively ascertained serum samples contradict the existing literature on the association of F. nucleatum with colorectal cancer risk. Future prospective studies, specifically detecting F. nucleatum in stool or tissue biopsies, are needed to complement our findings.

    Matched MeSH terms: Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
  3. Müller S, Boy SC, Day TA, Magliocca KR, Richardson MS, Sloan P, et al.
    Arch Pathol Lab Med, 2019 04;143(4):439-446.
    PMID: 30500296 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0411-SA
    The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting is a nonprofit organization whose goal is to develop evidence-based, internationally agreed-upon standardized data sets for each cancer site for use throughout the world. Providing global standardization of pathology tumor classification, staging, and other reporting elements will lead to the objective of improved patient management and enhanced epidemiologic research. Carcinomas of the oral cavity continue to represent a significant oncologic management burden, especially as changes in alcohol and tobacco use on a global scale contribute to tumor development. Separation of oral cavity carcinomas from oropharyngeal tumors is also important, as management and outcome are quite different when human papillomavirus association is taken into consideration. Topics such as tumor thickness versus depth of invasion, pattern of invasive front, extent and size of perineural invasion, and margin assessment all contribute to accurate classification and staging of tumors. This review focuses on the data set developed for Carcinomas of the Oral Cavity Histopathology Reporting Guide, with discussion of the key elements developed for inclusion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/pathology*
  4. Arumugam A, Abdull Razis AF
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2018 Jun 25;19(6):1439-1448.
    PMID: 29936713
    Cruciferous vegetables are a rich source of glucosinolates that have established anti-carcinogenic activity. Naturally-occurring glucosinolates and their derivative isothiocyanates (ITCs), generated as a result of their enzymatic degradation catalysed by myrosinase, have been linked to low cancer incidence in epidemiological studies, and in animal models isothiocyanates suppressed chemically-induced tumorigenesis. The prospective effect of isothiocyanates as anti-carcinogenic agent has been much explored as cytotoxic against wide array of cancer cell lines and being explored for the development of new anticancer drugs. However, the mechanisms of isothiocyanates in inducing apoptosis against tumor cell lines are still largely disregarded. A number of mechanisms are believed to be involved in the glucosinolate-induced suppression of carcinogenesis, including the induction of apoptosis, biotransformation of xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, alteration of caspase activity, angiogenesis, histone deacytylation and cell cycle arrest. The molecular mechanisms through which isothiocyanates stimulate apoptosis in cancer cell lines have not so far been clearly defined. This review summarizes the underlying mechanisms through which isothiocyanates modify the apoptotic pathway leading to cell death.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/pathology*
  5. Abobarin-Aofolaju O, Kaumeyer B, Kahwash SB
    Malays J Pathol, 2024 Aug;46(2):339-340.
    PMID: 39207013
    No abstract available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Marrow Neoplasms/pathology
  6. Subramaniam H, Lim CK, Tey LH, Wong LS, Djearamane S
    Sci Rep, 2024 Dec 04;14(1):30198.
    PMID: 39632962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-81384-0
    The field of green synthesis, namely using plant extracts for the production of metal nanoparticles, is rapidly gaining traction. Therefore, this study investigated the process of producing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using a water-based extract derived from the stem bark of Calophyllum teysmannii. Notably, this is the first documented utilization of this particular plant source. The presence of a distinct Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) absorption peak at 372 nm provided evidence for the creation of ZnO nanoparticles. The X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) investigations indicated that the nanoparticles exhibited sizes ranging from 31.5 to 59.9 nm and had spherical morphologies. Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffractometer (EDX) analysis verified the elemental composition of the ZnO nanoparticles, whereas the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra showed clear peaks, demonstrating their production. The FTIR examination of the C. teysmannii extract revealed peaks at around 3370 cm- 1, indicating the presence of phenolic compounds. These chemicals are likely responsible for the reduction and stabilization of the ZnO NPs. The high-resolution X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) spectra clearly revealed separate peaks corresponding to Zn 2p and O 1s, providing confirmation of the chemical states and bonding contexts. The Raman Spectroscopy analysis revealed a distinct peak at around 425 cm⁻¹, confirming the presence of the wurtzite structure. The harmful effects of ZnO nanoparticles on HCC2998 (a kind of human colon cancer) and Vero (a type of monkey kidney epithelial) cells were evaluated using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), and boron-Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) assays. The cancer cells underwent cell death due to oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, as confirmed by microscopic and flow cytometry investigations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
  7. Tan JE, Tan FHS, Kuan YC, Chan PL, Yusri Y
    J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc, 2024;39(2):92-96.
    PMID: 39620178 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.039.02.16
    Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumour from the adrenal cortex. Half of the cases are functional, with ACTH-independent autonomous cortisol production being the most common. It is rare for ACC to present with markedly elevated metanephrine levels, characteristic of pheochromocytoma. We report a case of a large functioning adrenal tumour with overlapping biochemical features of ACC and pheochromocytoma. Biopsy confirmed the histopathological diagnosis of metastatic ACC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/pathology
  8. Sekar K, Ramanathan A, Khalid R, Mun KS, Valliappan V, Ismail SM
    Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2025 Mar 06;29(1):62.
    PMID: 40048046 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-025-01356-0
    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Multiple primary tumours (MPTs) are a rare clinical entity, and the co-occurrence of synchronous and metachronous MPTs in a single patient is even more exceptional. In the context of Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD), an already uncommon disorder, the presentation of this disease in the oral cavity is notably rare. Furthermore, the simultaneous presence of ECD in the oral cavity and a Giant Cell Tumour (GCT) in a long bone has not been previously reported in medical literature.

    RECENT FINDINGS: This case report presents the first documented instance of such a unique clinical scenario. The marked histological disparities between GCT and ECD further underscore the enigmatic nature of this case. The intricate interplay of genetic, environmental, and pathophysiological factors that led to the simultaneous development of two distinct neoplasms in the same patient is yet to be fully elucidated. This case not only challenges our understanding of the etiology of these conditions but also emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the evaluation and management of such complex cases. The confluence of rare entities, the diagnostic complexities they introduce, and the imperative need for tailored treatment strategies exemplify the intricate landscape of oncological care. This case serves as a compelling reminder of the many unknown facets of disease etiology and the significance of collaborative medical efforts in offering the best possible care for patients confronting exceptionally rare clinical presentations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
  9. Rashid Ali MR, Kannan KK
    J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol, 2015 Jan;22(1):66-8.
    PMID: 25590487 DOI: 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000128
    We report a case of a 52-year-old patient who had undergone a bladder resection and an ileal conduit for a transitional cell carcinoma. He then presented with a short history of hemoptysis 3 months later. Rigid bronchoscopy was performed revealing an endobronchial lesion, which was removed via laser and debulking method without complications. Histopathologic examination confirmed it to be a benign endobronchial glomus tumor. On the basis of our literature search, this is the 34th reported case of glomus tumor arising from the respiratory tract, seventh reported case of an endobronchial glomus tumor treated bronchoscopically, and the first possibly coincidental finding in relation to a patient with primary transitional bladder cell carcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology; Bronchial Neoplasms/pathology*
  10. Lee SH, Jaganath IB, Wang SM, Sekaran SD
    PLoS One, 2011;6(6):e20994.
    PMID: 21698198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020994
    Current chemotherapeutic drugs kill cancer cells mainly by inducing apoptosis. However, they become ineffective once cancer cell has the ability to metastasize, hence the poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimetastatic potential of Phyllanthus (P. niruri, P. urinaria, P. watsonii, and P. amarus) on lung and breast carcinoma cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/pathology*; Lung Neoplasms/pathology*
  11. Siar CH, Lau SH, Ng KH
    J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2012 Mar;70(3):608-15.
    PMID: 21723654 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.02.039
    Ameloblastoma of the human jaw is an uncommon but clinically significant odontogenic epithelial neoplasm. The aim was to analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of ameloblastoma in a Malaysian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mandibular Neoplasms/pathology; Maxillary Neoplasms/pathology
  12. Tang IP, Periyannan P, Prepageran N, Shashinder S, Singh A, Bhagubhai PN
    Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 2011 Jan;20(1):93-5.
    PMID: 20088917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2009.01147.x
    We report a very rare case of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma with local involvement of lacrimal sac. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and there was no recurrence noted after 1 year of follow-up.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Neoplasms/pathology*; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology*
  13. Sivakumar S, Kaur G
    Acta Cytol., 2009 May-Jun;53(3):303-5.
    PMID: 19534271 DOI: 10.1159/000325312
    BACKGROUND: Extraskeletal (soft tissue) chondromas are rare neoplasms. They are seen most frequently in the soft tissues of hands and feet. A chondroma occurring in the breast is exceedingly uncommon. We present a case of pure chondroma of the breast in a young woman in whom fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic features suggested a cartilaginous neoplasm.

    CASE: A 28-year-old woman presented with a mobile lump in the left breast. Mammography showed a high-density nodule without microcalcifications. A clinical diagnosis of fibroadenoma was made. A differential diagnosis was obtained on FNA. Excisional biopsy of the lump showed the histopathologic features of chondroma. There was no recurrence or appearance of new lesion during 13 months of follow-up.

    CONCLUSION: Chondroma of the breast shows FNA cytologic features of cartilaginous tumor, but specific tumor typing may not be possible. This case highlights the difficulties that may arise in FNA diagnosis of cartilaginous tumor especially when it occurs at an unusual site. Awareness of the cytologic features combined with clinical and radiologic findings should guide the cytopathologist to make correct diagnosis of this neoplasm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/pathology*; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology*
  14. Cheah PL, Looi LM
    Malays J Pathol, 1998 Jun;20(1):1-10.
    PMID: 10879257
    Historical cottontail rabbit papillomavirus studies raised early indications of a mammalian DNA oncogenic virus. Today, molecular cloning recognises numerous animal and human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and the development of in vitro transformation assays has escalated oncological research in HPVs. Currently, their detection and typing in tissues is usually by Southern blotting, in-situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction methods. The complete papillomavirus virion constitutes a protein coat (capsid) surrounding a circular, double-stranded DNA organised into coding and non-coding regions. 8 early (E1-E8) open reading frames (ORFs) and 2 late (L1, L2) ORFs have been identified in the coding region of all papillomaviruses. The early ORFs encode proteins which interact with the host genome to produce new viral DNA while late ORFs are activated only after viral DNA replication and encode for viral capsid proteins. All papillomaviruses are obligatory intranuclear organisms with specific tropism for keratinocytes. Three possible courses of events can follow papillomaviruses entry into cells: (1) viral DNA are maintained as intranuclear, extrachromosomal, circular DNA episomes, which replicates synchronously with the host cell, establishing a latent infection; (2) conversion from latent into productive infection with assembly of complete infective virions; (3) integration of viral DNA into host cellular genome, a phenomenon seen in HPV infections associated with malignant transformation. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) essentially induce skin and mucosal epithelial lesions. Various skin warts are well known to be HPV-associated (HPVs 1, 2, 3, 7 and 10). Besides HPVs 3 and 10, HPVs 5, 8, 17 and 20 have been recovered from Epidermodysplasia verruciformis lesions. Anogenital condyloma acuminatum, strongly linked with HPVs 6 and 11 are probably sexually transmitted. The same HPVs, demonstrable in recurrent juvenile laryngeal papillomas, are probably transmitted by passage through an infected birth canal. HPVs described in uterine cervical lesions are generally categorized into those associated with high (16, 18), intermediate (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68) and low (6, 11, 26, 40, 42, 43, 44, 53, 54, 55, 62, 66) risk of cervical squamous carcinoma. Cervical adenocarcinoma, clear cell carcinoma and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma have also been linked to HPVs, especially HPV18. Other lesions reported to be HPV-associated are: papillomas, dysplasia and carcinomas in the nasal cavity (HPV 6, 11, 57); squamous papilloma, condyloma acuminatum, and verruca vulgaris of the oral cavity (HPV 6, 11), oral focal epithelial hyperplasia (HPV 13, 32); warty lip lesions (HPV 2): and conjunctival papillomas (HPV 6, 11).
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology; Skin Neoplasms/pathology
  15. Chong Huat Siar, Kok Han Ng
    J Nihon Univ Sch Dent, 1996 Mar;38(1):52-6.
    PMID: 8648412
    Two cases of either peripheral odontogenic fibroma (POF) (WHO type) or peripheral ameloblastoma are reported. Their immunohistochemical characteristics were investigated in an attempt to clarify their histogenesis. The results showed that the epithelial component of this neoplasm tended to retain its distinct odontogenic character and expressed a keratin profile different from that of the overlying oral epithelium from which both cases most probably originated. The connective tissue element of these tumors was vimentin-positive and S-100 protein negative, confirming their mesodermal nature but precluding the possibility of ectomesenchymal derivation. No reactivity for desmin was noted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gingival Neoplasms/pathology*; Palatal Neoplasms/pathology
  16. Siar CH, Ng KH
    Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 1993 Jun;31(3):183-6.
    PMID: 7685634
    Four cases of either combined occurrence of ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst or a rare keratinising variant of ameloblastoma are presented. The cardinal histomorphologic characteristics are simultaneous occurrence of ameloblastomatous epithelial islands with central keratinisation and multiple keratinising cysts. Immunohistochemically the tumour elements were keratin positive and occasionally S-100 protein and desmin positive. Major differential diagnosis of these neoplasms are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mandibular Neoplasms/pathology; Maxillary Neoplasms/pathology
  17. Ramanathan K, Chelvanayagam PI, Ng KH, Ramanathan J
    Med J Malaysia, 1982 Mar;37(1):18-24.
    PMID: 7121342
    Ameloblastomas formed 1.1 percent of all oral pathology cases reported. The race, sex and age group distribution of 133 cases are shown. The peak age incidence (70.6 percent) was between 11-40 years. The mandible was involved 9 times more commonly than the maxilla. The anatomical sites of distribution, clinical and radiological features, histological variants and their correlation are discussed. Twenty two patients (15 percent) had ameloblastomas associated with a dentigerous cyst and/or unerupted teeth. Ameloblastomas with the above clinical features represented a much less aggressive form of neoplasm. The authors could not correlate histological variants of ameloblastoma with recurrence rates. The various treatment methods and the respective recurrence rates are outlined. Radiotherapy and marsupialization as treatment of ameloblastoma are not recommended. The indications for enucleation curettage, resection en bloc, segmental resection and hemimandibulectomy
    are emphasized. Ameloblastomas involving the maxilla should be treated by complete removal en bloc with a margin of normal tissue. Since ameloblastoma has the capacity to recur after several years of apparent cure patients who have been treated for ameloblastoma must be followed up periodically during their life time. So far no case of ameloblastoma in this study has shown evidence
    ofmetastasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mandibular Neoplasms/pathology*; Maxillary Neoplasms/pathology*
  18. Lee CL, Veeramani S, Molouki A, Lim SHE, Thomas W, Chia SL, et al.
    Cancer Invest, 2019;37(8):393-414.
    PMID: 31502477 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1660887
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies. In recent decades, early diagnosis and conventional therapies have resulted in a significant reduction in mortality. However, late stage metastatic disease still has very limited effective treatment options. There is a growing interest in using viruses to help target therapies to tumour sites. In recent years the evolution of immunotherapy has emphasised the importance of directing the immune system to eliminate tumour cells; we aim to give a state-of-the-art over-view of the diverse viruses that have been investigated as potential oncolytic agents for the treatment of CRC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology; Rectal Neoplasms/pathology
  19. Kho JPY, Ng BHK, John R
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 02;74(1):82-84.
    PMID: 30846668
    Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a slowgrowing, locally invasive tumour of the dermis. It commonly presents in the trunks and proximal extremities but is seen to a lesser extent in the head and neck regions. We present a case report of a recurrent DFSP in a 48-year-old Iban woman at the occipital region. The patient underwent wide local excision and removal of outer table of cranium, dressing followed by split thickness skin graft. Histopathological examination confirmed dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with clear lateral surgical margins and a deep margin of 0.5mm. She is currently undergoing radiotherapy and is planned for 50Grey 25cycles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology; Skin Neoplasms/pathology
  20. Singh VA, Haseeb A, Alkubaisi AA
    Singapore Med J, 2014 Oct;55(10):539-46.
    PMID: 25631896
    INTRODUCTION: Morbidity and mortality from malignant diseases are usually the result of metastasis. The bone is the third most common site of metastasis.

    METHODS: This is a retrospective study of patients with metastatic bone disease who were referred to the Orthopaedic Department of University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia, between January 2004 and October 2009.

    RESULTS: A total of 151 patients (51.0% men, 49.0% women) had metastatic bone disease, with the highest incidence at the age range of 50-59 years. The commonest primary cancer was breast (23.3%), followed by lung (21.2%), prostate (9.3%), thyroid (7.3%) and renal cell carcinoma (5.3%); unknown primary cancer was 6.6%. There was long bone involvement in 52.7% of cases, axial bone in 44.5%, and both long and axial bones in 2.8%. The majority (90.1%) were symptomatic, with pain as the commonest symptom. 106 (70.2%) patients had pathological fractures. Neurological deficit was reported in 90.7% of patients, with 41.1% having extraskeletal metastases. 67.8% of the lesions were osteolytic, 24.3% were sclerotic, and 7.9%, mixed. Palliative and therapeutic interventions were undertaken for 62.0% of patients. The mean survival times were: breast 21.0; thyroid 20.7; prostate 20.3; lung 16.0; and unknown primary cancer 32.6 months.

    CONCLUSION: In our study, breast and lung cancers were the commonest primary cancers in metastatic bone disease. Most patients had more than one site of involvement, pain at presentation and pathological fractures. Surgery is beneficial to relieve pain and improve function and neurology. Duration of survival depends on the type of primary cancer and whether systemic metastasis is present.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/pathology; Lung Neoplasms/pathology
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