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Fulltext Early experience in surgical treatment of adolescence idiopathic scoliosis: a report of four cases

Muhammad Wafiuddin Ahmad, Ed Simor Khan, Rajandra Kumar, Zamzuri Zakaria, Ahmad Faiza, Haidar Nusuruddin, et al.

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(1):39-47.
MyJurnal

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common spinal deformity among teenager. For those indicated, early surgical intervention allows better surgical correction due to flexibility of the spine during teenage years, hence good functional outcome and better cosmetic can be expected. In this case report, there is the management of four patients surgically using the posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion. Pre-operatively patients were examined at IIUM Medical Centre spine clinic, all necessary investigations were carried out. A thorough explanation was done to patient and parents regarding procedure, risk and benefit. All patients were treated using the same surgical technique. Neuromonitoring was used throughout the whole surgery until skin closure. All patients were hospitalized around one week. Post-operatively patients were followed up at two weeks, six weeks, three months, and every six months thereafter. It is important for clinicians to identify patients with AIS as early detection and timely treatment will change the natural history of curve progression. Surgical intervention when necessary will be easier and with less risk of complications when surgery was carried out during teenage years as the spine is more flexible and the deformity is less severe.
Fulltext Endocrinopathies in HIV infected patients

Rosdina Zamrud Ahmad Akbar, Sharifah Faradila Wan Muhammad Hatta, Rosnida Mohd Noh, Fatimah Zaherah Mohd Shah, Thuhairah Abdul Rahman, Rohana Abdul Ghani, et al.

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2020;5(2):39-45.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Hormonal abnormality is one of many clinical manifestations of HIV infections
that is not well understood. However, the consequences could affect quality of life and are
potentially treatable. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated
factors of thyroid, adrenal and gonadal dysfunctions among HIV-infected patients. Methods:
This is a single centre cross-sectional study involving 150 HIV-infected patients attending the
HIV clinic. Each subject was required to answer specific symptoms questionnaire and their
medical records were reviewed for relevant clinical and biochemical data. Blood for was
collected and thyroid hormones, cortisol, ACTH, FSH, LH, testosterone and estradiol were
analysed using electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. Thyroid, adrenal and gonadal axes
abnormalities were identified. Results: Hypogonadism had the highest prevalence amongst
the endocrine abnormalities, which was detected in 23 patients (15.3%), followed by thyroid
dysfunction in 18 patients (12%) and hypocortisolism in 2 patients (1.3%). There was
significant correlation between CD4 count, BMI and age with the hormone levels. Conclusion:
Prevalence of endocrine abnormalities was low in these well-treated HIV-positive patients,
with hypogonadism being the most common. However, significant correlations between CD4
count, age and BMI with the hormonal levels were detected. Clinical symptoms in relation to
endocrinopathy are not specific as a screening tool thus underscoring the need for
biochemical tests to identify these treatable conditions.
Fulltext Screening of Electrospray-operating Parameters in the Production of Alginate-Royal Jelly Microbeads Using Factorial Design

Shaiqah MR, Salahuddin HM, Afiful Huda AYA, Izzuddin M, Nur Shafiq NIM, Nur Hakimah MA, et al.

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 Nov;12(Suppl 2):S703-S706.
PMID: 33828364 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_249_19

Introduction: Royal jelly (RJ) has been consumed as food or as a supplement because of its high nutritional and medicinal values. A fresh harvested RJ is yellowish to whitish in color and contains proteins, free amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and sugar. Without proper storage conditions, such as at 4°C, the color of RJ changes to much darker yellow and produces a rancid smell. To prolong its shelf life, RJ is usually mixed with honey. Alginate, a natural and edible polymer derived from seaweed, is commonly used to encapsulate drugs and food due to its ability to form gels by reacting with divalent cations. However, there is a lack of research on the microencapsulation of RJ in alginate using electrospray. The electrospray technique has the advantage in producing consistent size and shape of alginate microbeads under optimum parameters.
Aim: This research aimed to optimize electrospray-operating parameters in producing alginate-RJ microbeads.
Materials and Methods: Optimization of alginate-RJ microbeads electrospray parameters was carried out using 24 factorial design with three center points (19 runs). The studied parameters were flow rate, high voltage, nozzle size, and tip-to-collector distance, whereas the responses were particle size, particle size distribution, and sphericity factor. The responses of each run were analyzed using Design-Expert software.
Results: Nozzle size is a significant parameter that influences the particle size. Flow rate is a significant parameter influencing the sphericity factor.
Conclusion: Screening of the electrospray-operating parameters paves the way in determining the significant parameters and their design space to produce consistent alginate-RJ microbeads.
Fulltext Anti-proliferative property of porcupine bezoar extract on melanoma (A375)

Al’aina Yuhainis Firus Khan, Faizah Abdullah Asuhaimi, Tara Jalal, Hatim Abdullah Natto, Opeyemi Roheem, Fatimah, Qamar Uddin Ahmed, et al.

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2017;1(2):1-13.
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Porcupine bezoar (PB) has been previously reported to possess various medicinal properties. However, its potential as an anticancer agent against human cancers is still poorly studied and understood. Hence, in this study, porcupine bezoar (PB) aqueous extract was evaluated for its potential as a safe anticancer agent. Initially PB was infused in water for 18 h to get PB aqueous extract which was preliminary tested for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH activity in order to confirm the presence of bioactive agents as antioxidants in PB. Later, PB aqueous extract was subjected to A375 (Melanoma) (IC50, cell proliferation assay) and HGF-1
(normal cell, for cytotoxicity assay) to evaluate its anticancer potential. PB aqueous extract showed 11.68 μg/mL ± 0.67 TPC value expressed as gallic acid equivalents while TFC was not detected confirming the absence of flavonoids in PB aqueous extract. IC50 for DPPH was found to be 0.79 μg/mL ± 0.07. The IC50 result for A375 was found to be 10.1 µg/mL ± 0.17. PB aqueous extract showed significant antiproliferation pattern at 24, 48 and 72 hours exposures. The data from this study suggest the potential alternative use of PB in developing natural antioxidants and antiproliferative agents for improving human health.
Fulltext Human resource development for future basic occupational health services in Malaysia

Niza Samsuddin, Nor Azlina A Rahman, Ailin Razali, Muhammad Zubir Yusof, Ahmad Fitri Abdullah Hair, Manivasagam, Dayanath, et al.

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2019;3(4):939-943.
MyJurnal

A guideline on Basic Occupational Health Services (BOHS) has been established jointly by ILO/WHO/ICOH in response to poor achievements of the Occupational Health Services (OHS), especially among workers in small and medium enterprises at the global level. Malaysia. The international guideline describes competent and skilled human resources as an essential strategy for BOHS implementation. This commentary will discuss the challenges faced by current occupational health personnel providing OHS in Malaysia and proposes improvements of human resource development for future BOHS in Malaysia to ensure fair and better OHS coverage for Malaysian workers.
Fulltext Factors associated with homelessness and its medical issues among urban Malaysians: a qualitative research

Nurul Mahfuzah Ahmad Yani, Nur Zakirah Zahari, Nur Fatini Haziqah Abu Samah, Muhammad Ammar Faidhi Mohamed Azahar, Siti Munira Yasin, Mohd Shahril Ahmad Saman, et al.

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2016;1:46-58.

Homelessness continues to exist in our country even though we hear of various initiatives that have been put in place to solve this ongoing issue. The objectives of this study are, first, to explore factors that lead to homelessness, second, to determine the associated medical conditions and third, to shed light on the views of homeless individuals regarding their future perspectives.
Fulltext The inhibitory effect of lemon juice (citrus limon) on vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw oyster (crassostrea virginica)

Siti Farah Alwani Mohd Nawi, Zaini Mohd Zain, Muhammad Zarif Zahari, Anis Amalina Abdul Hamid, Nur Fakhriah Ahmad Afandi, Siti Nur Fathihah Azmi

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2017;2:31-33.

Serving raw oysters with lemon juice is a delicacy in many restaurants in
Malaysia. Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) live in the seacoast and they share the same
environment as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Consumption of raw oysters contaminated with V.
parahaemolyticus can lead to severe gastroenteritis. A study was performed to determine
whether lemon (Citrus limon) juice is able to inhibit the growth of V. parahaemolyticus after
being inoculated in raw oysters. Methods: Frozen oysters bought from a local supplier
weighing 6 g each were minced and placed in two bottles using sterile technique.
Approximately 1 ml of 107 CFU of V. parahaemolyticus (ATCC strain 17802) was added and
mixed in both bottles. The mixture was treated with 1 ml of lemon juice in only one of the
bottles and the other bottle served as a control. At every 30 s intervals for 2 min, 1 g of the
sample was taken for enumeration of viable cells onto thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose
(TCBS). Results: After 30 s of treatment with the lemon juice, it was observed that the
number of colonies in the treated samples reduced from 7 Log to 3 Log. Subsequently, no
viable V. parahaemolyticus was seen. It was also observed that there were 3 Log reductions
of V. parahaemolyticus after 30 s in untreated samples, however the number of colonies
remained stable until the end of the experiment. Conclusion: This study therefore shows
that lemon juice has some antimicrobial effect on V. parahaemolyticus in raw oysters.
Fulltext Knowledge, awareness and practices on the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among community in Gombak, Kuala Lumpur

Zulhabri Othman, Nur Asmidar Abdul Aleem, Muhammad Danial Che Ramli, Sarina Sariman, Haniza Harun, Marini Ab Rahman, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(101):72-81.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of disease which are related to the heart and its circulations. The main modifiable risk factors of the CVD disease are hypertension, hyperglycemia and obesity. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and practice on cardiovascular disease risk factors among Gombak community in Kuala Lumpur. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaire and anthropomet- ric measurement among 388 subjects in Gombak District, Kuala Lumpur. Descriptive data analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression were carried to identify demographic and factors associated. Results: The prevalence of the risk factors was high among study subjects, including obesity (24.2%), hypertension (42.3%) and hyperglycemia (26.8%). More than half (64.4%) of the study subjects having at least one of the risk factor. The multivariate binary logistic model factor illustrated that compare to Malays, Chinese were 37% less likely to have obesity (CPR=0.67; 95% Cl: 0.26-1.69). Gombak district community are more likely to have the knowledge on the CVD risk factor but lack of awareness and poor in practicing the prevention action. The Indian ethnic group was less likely to be aware (APR: 0.33, Cl: 0.05-2.31) and others bumiputera ethnic group were less likely to prevent (APR: 0.58, CI: 0.20-1.65) the risk of CVD. The Chinese ethnic less likely to have the knowledge (APR: 0.88, Cl: 0.35-2.22). Conclusion: Gom- bak community was more likely to have the knowledge but less likely to be aware and lack of practice of prevention of the risk factors of CVD.
Fulltext Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation among Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia athletes

Mohamad Firdaus Ahmad, Siti Aida Lamat, Sharifah Maimunah, Muhammad Wafi A. Rahman, Nur Dalilah Dahlan, Wahidah Tumijan, et al.

Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2020;9(1):33-41.
MyJurnal

Motivation is an internal force or desire that drives an individual to meet personal and organizational goals. Motivation consists of two categories, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Generally, motivation is an important psychological factor that is often associated with athletes’ sports involvement. The purpose of this study was to identify the different types of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) from a gender perspective. The study sample consisted of 63 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) athletes (n = 63; male = 30, female = 33) who participated in the MASUM Sports Carnival. The instrument used to measure athlete’s motivation is the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28) questionnaire, which includes intrinsic motivation subscales (to know, to accomplish, to experience stimulation), extrinsic (external regulation, introjected regulation, identify regulation) and amotivation (demotivation). The results showed that UKM athletes were more intrinsically motivated (M = 4.43 ± 0.38) than extrinsically motivated (M = 4.19 ± 0.44). However, there were no significant differences in the dimensions of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation between gender (p> .05). Overall, this study shows that intrinsic motivation is the key factor of UKM athletes sports involvement
Fulltext Ten - year Cardiovascular Disease Risk amongst workers in a tertiary healthcare institution in Kuala Lumpur

Norfazilah Ahmad, Santhna Letchmi Panduragan, Yee,San Khor, Kalaiarasan Gemini, Nur Atikah Bahrin, Nur Husnina Azhar, et al.

Borneo Epidemiology Journal, 2020;1(1):35-45.
MyJurnal

Strategising, which is an effective workplace intervention to curb cardiovascular disease (CVD), requires understanding of the CVD risk related to a specific working population. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) is widely used in predicting the ten-year CVD risk of various working populations. This study aimed to use FRS to determine the ten-year CVD risk amongst workers in a tertiary healthcare setting and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on workers who participated in the special health check programme at the staff clinic of a tertiary healthcare institution in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A set of data sheets was used to retrieve the workers’ sociodemographic and CVD risk information. The prevalence of high, moderate and low ten-year CVD risk was 12.8%, 20.0% and 67.2%, respectively. Workers in the high-risk group were older [mean age: 54.81 (standard deviation, 5.72) years], male (44%), smokers (72.7%) and having hyperglycaemia (46.7%) and hypertriglyceridemia [median triglycerides: 1.75 (interquartile range, 1.45) mmol/L]. Diastolic blood pressure (aOR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01,1.14), hyperglycaemia (aOR 8.80, 95% CI: 1.92,40.36) and hypertriglyceridemia (aOR 4.45, 95% CI: 1.78,11.09) were significantly associated with high ten-year CVD risk. Diastolic blood pressure (aOR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03,1.13) and hypertriglyceridemia (aOR 2.51, 95% CI: 1.12-5.61) were significantly associated with moderate ten-year CVD risk. The prevalence of high and moderate ten-year CVD risk was relatively high. Amongst the workers in the high-risk group, they were older, male, smokers and with high fasting blood sugar and triglyceride. Understanding the ten-year CVD risk and its associated factors could be used to plan periodic workplace health assessment and monitor to prevent CVD
Fulltext Widespread pandemic, wide-ranging response: student-led virtual telemedicine and digital community-based healthcare provision in a university healthcare centre in response to coronavirus quarantine measures

Muhammad Syafiq Abdullah, Nicholas Pang, Sharinah Abd Kassim, Flora Aurora AmatUdat, NurZiana Ulkaya, NuraisyahNurullah, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):13-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Isolation and border control measures, with home quarantine measures, are essential to stem the spread of the newly emergent novel Covid-19. Such measures are doomed to fail if reliant on traditional isolation methods, which entail small numbers of overworked healthcare staff screening and surveilling large numbers of well individuals who are potential false positives. Innovative method employed by Hospital UMS to overcome these logistics difficulties. Methods: A total of 440 returning China students to UMS were planned for home quarantine measures for 14 days. In the intervening 14 days, groups of ten quarantined individuals were assigned to 1 Manda- rin-speaking medical student liaison officer (LO). LOs performed assessment toolkit for 14 consecutive days virtually via WhatsApp and WeChat and reported back to NCOV central command if any symptoms ensued. Results: 45 China students have been put on home quarantine. Two (2) students with symptoms were monitored virtually till resolution of symptoms. Also, five (5) students with uncontactable phone numbers required tracking down, using var- ious methods eg: retrieval from close contacts through wide-bore virtual search. No cases so far have been positive for NCOV or have required referral to tertiary hospitals. Qualitatively, such methods are a vital public health inter- vention, as task shifting happens to semi-professionals. Hospital UMS first trial of two cherished founding principles: community-based rather than healthcare-facility center healthcare delivery, and judicious use of digital health com- munications, applications, and rudimentary telemedicine. Conclusion: Student-led virtual telemedicine and digital health delivery has potential in public health crises like NCOV, freeing frontline healthcare staff to devote energies to their specialties of screening and treatment. Integration of video and biometrics to incorporate true telemedicine, allowing individuals to be “hospitalized” in a community setting in situations of low risk.
Fulltext A staff-initiated quality improvement project: from paper to web report

Daphne Clemente, Nurul Amiella Abdullah, ZurianahJusmin Jasmin, Muhammad Syafiq Abdullah, Helen Benedict Lasimbang, Wendy Diana Shoesmith, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):14-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Continuous quality improvement of system is essential to improve efficiency of working environ- ment. Limited financial allocation in low resource setting results in the vicious circle of having inadequate money to purchase a new system and print paper documents that are required for the operation of clinic. A staff-initiated system improvement with the name of “PRW UMS Staff Portal” was attempted to break-free from the vicious cycle. Methods: An online system covering different aspects of routine clinical work of healthcare workers was created in Dec 2019 and implemented in Feb 2020 using Google SiteTM by the nurses of a local university community clinic, which included: submission of daily reports of nurses and assistant medical officers, submission of reports of all programmes conducted by the clinic, surveillance of health status of working staffs, announcement and request of working roster, archiving of documents, and medication inventory. The system could only be accessed using official working email for general documents while accesses to sensitive documents were restricted to relevant staffs to pro- tect privacy and confidentiality of information. Qualitative interviews were performed with all nursing staff involved. Results: Qualitative feeling of improvement in coordination of workflow was reported by all 23 staffs working in the clinic in view of the easy access of system using smartphone and computer at workstation. It also reduced the need to move away from the working station in order to access, replenish, or submit the printed documents and reports. Significant amount of paper and printing were saved monthly. Conclusions: Despite positive feedback from the staffs, the system requires further improvement in terms of function and security. Further evaluation on cost-efficiency of the system can be done to promote the system to other universities.
Fulltext Beginner crisis communication for nurses: an introductory module of Hospital Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Megawanah Mohd Razalee, Prisia Jibin, Sabrina Paul, Muhammad Syafiq Abdullah, Helen Benedict Lasimbang, Wendy Diana Shoesmith, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):65-0.
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Introduction: Crisis communication is an important skill for healthcare professionals, especially during disaster peri- od including the current 2019-nCoV pandemic. Nevertheless, the skill of crisis communication is not commonly an integral part of Malaysian nursing diploma and degree course. Methods: A half days session on how to communicate in the context of crisis was incorporated into an experiential learning workshop to 25 existing and newly recruited nurses together with 7 other healthcare professionals. The topics of nature of disaster, disease outbreak, preparation for disaster, principles and responsibility of crisis communication, preparing statement for press conference, and corporate communication were covered through brief lecture, round table discussion and tabletop simulations. Real time example of 2019-nCoV crisis communication was used to illustrate the skills required in the situation. Results: All participants confirmed that this was the first exposure to hands-on training on crisis communication and enlightening although majority of them were uncertain that they are capable to perform it during the crisis despite the ongoing 2019-nCoV issue in view of their the position that they are holding. Most nursing curriculums focus on clinical theory and clinical skill competency acquisition without addressing the need of learning how to commu- nicate beyond clinical setting in the situation of disaster and panic, which is mostly learned at job. The limitation included the practice in tabletop simulations might not be immediately translatable into real life practice. Conclu- sion: Regular reinforcement through more workshops and incorporation into disaster may potentially be a solution to improve the competency of healthcare professionals in crisis communication. Further assessment on the practice of the participants in performing crisis communication is needed to ensure the competency level has been achieved and to evaluate the efficiency of the workshop delivery method.
Fulltext COLOURFASTNESS PROPERTIES OF NATURAL DYE FROM TAGETES ERECTA ON SILK FABRIC USING DIFFERENT DYEING TECHNIQUES

Nur Amirah Fadzlena Md Fadzli, Wan Syazehan Ruznan, Suraya Ahmad Suhaimi, Mohd Azlin Mohd Nor, Suhaidi Ariffin, Mohd Rozi Ahmad, et al.

Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2021;9(1):166-172.
MyJurnal

Of late, dyeing fabrics with natural dyes have become an attraction because of its eco-friendly and less threatening disposition towards humankind. In the textile colouration industry, natural dyes play an important role because of the need for replacement synthetic dyes which have a great deal of tension with the environmental issues. This study focuses on the colour shade, colour coordinates, and fastness properties of dyed silk fabric from tagetes erecta (Mexican Marigold flower) using the water boiling extraction method. The dyeing was carried out using lemon juice as a natural mordant through the simultaneous mordanting method, using two different dyeing methods: infrared (IR) dyeing and exhaustion dyeing. The shades produced for exhaustion dyed fabric is light-yellow compared to the IR dyed fabric, which is medium-light yellow. These shades were confirmed with the CIELAB colour coordinates, L*a*b* values. The colourfastness to washing, perspiration, rubbing, and light of the fabrics were conducted to investigate the performance of the dye and mordant on the dyed silk fabrics. The colourfastness properties of the dyed silk fabric using infrared (IR) dyeing technique have better performance than using exhaustion dyeing technique.
Cell membrane cloaked nanomedicines for bio-imaging and immunotherapy of cancer: Improved pharmacokinetics, cell internalization and anticancer efficacy

Hussain Z, Rahim MA, Jan N, Shah H, Rawas-Qalaji M, Khan S, et al.

J Control Release, 2021 07 10;335:130-157.
PMID: 34015400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.018

Despite enormous advancements in the field of oncology, the innocuous and effectual treatment of various types of malignancies remained a colossal challenge. The conventional modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery have been remained the most viable options for cancer treatment, but lacking of target-specificity, optimum safety and efficacy, and pharmacokinetic disparities are their impliable shortcomings. Though, in recent decades, numerous encroachments in the field of onco-targeted drug delivery have been adapted but several limitations (i.e., short plasma half-life, early clearance by reticuloendothelial system, immunogenicity, inadequate internalization and localization into the onco-tissues, chemoresistance, and deficient therapeutic efficacy) associated with these onco-targeted delivery systems limits their clinical viability. To abolish the aforementioned inadequacies, a promising approach has been emerged in which stealthing of synthetic nanocarriers has been attained by cloaking them into the natural cell membranes. These biomimetic nanomedicines not only retain characteristics features of the synthetic nanocarriers but also inherit the cell-membrane intrinsic functionalities. In this review, we have summarized preparation methods, mechanism of cloaking, and pharmaceutical and therapeutic superiority of cell-membrane camouflaged nanomedicines in improving the bio-imaging and immunotherapy against various types of malignancies. These pliable adaptations have revolutionized the current drug delivery strategies by optimizing the plasma circulation time, improving the permeation into the cancerous microenvironment, escaping the immune evasion and rapid clearance from the systemic circulation, minimizing the immunogenicity, and enabling the cell-cell communication via cell membrane markers of biomimetic nanomedicines. Moreover, the preeminence of cell-membrane cloaked nanomedicines in improving the bio-imaging and theranostic applications, alone or in combination with phototherapy or radiotherapy, have also been pondered.
Effects of exercise on the Psycho-cognitive Function of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the young adults

Nur Izzati, Umar Zaman, Mohd Zaki, Salleh, Haliza, Hasan, Najihah Hanisah, Marmaya, Mokhtar, Muhammad, Sahol Hamid, Abu Bakar, et al.

Journal of Cognitive Sciences & Human Development, 2021;7(1):33-56.
MyJurnal

The benefit of exercise in inducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) functions in relation to cognition had been reported. Nevertheless, the ambiguity remains with regards to the types of exercise and the duration of exercise required for one to have beneficial effects. In this study, we aimed to analyse the effects of varying modes of exercises and the duration required to improve BDNF functions, specifically in the young adults. The types of exercises evaluated in the meta-analysis include (1) single bout of acute aerobic exercise, (2) repeated and frequent sessions of aerobic exercise (program exercise) over a course of several weeks, and (3) resistance training. Only a single bout of acute aerobic exercise (z=4.92, p=0.00001) is sufficient to cause an increase in BDNF following exercise intervention, while program exercise (z=1.02, p=0.31) and resistance training (z=0.92, p=0.36) demonstrated inconsistencies, some exhibited significant increase in BDNF levels while others exhibited similar results with the control groups.
Attachment styles and marital quality between spouses

Fatahyah, Yahya, Aqilah, Yusoff, Sarjit Singh, Darshan Singh, Ahmad Tarmizi, Talib, Abdul Hakim, Mohad, Nur Ayuni, Mohd Isa, et al.

Journal of Cognitive Sciences & Human Development, 2021;7(1):57-71.
MyJurnal

The research was aimed to study the relationship between attachment styles and marital quality between spouses. A total number of 52 spouses representing teachers from Sekolah Menengah Agama Daeratul Ma'arifil Wataniah 1 (SMA DMW 1), in Peninsular Malaysia's northwest coast, participated in this study. There were two sets of questionnaires used in this study: Experience in Close Relationship (ECR) and Marital Adjustment Test (MAT). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between attachment styles and spouses' styles. However, there is no relationship between marital satisfaction among spouses, and there is also no relationship between attachment styles and marital satisfaction among spouses. Future research is suggested to enhance the research by moving beyond self-report instruments to develop alternative methods of assessment as some of the questions should be more specifically suitable in Malaysian culture.
The effects of parental attachment on personality traits

Fatahyah, Yahya, Mohd Imamuddin, Nahar, Ahmad Tarmizi, Talib, Sarjit Singh, Darshan Singh, Abdul Hakim, Mohad, Nur Ayuni, Mohd Isa, et al.

Journal of Cognitive Sciences & Human Development, 2021;7(1):157-174.
MyJurnal

This study aims to identify parental attachment's effects on trainee counsellors' personality traits in the Universiti of Malaysia Sarawak UNIMAS. This research adopted a correlational research design. The respondents were 209 trainee counsellors from the Counselling Program, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak UNIMAS. Two questionnaires were used in this study: The Inventory of Parents and Peer Attachment (IPPA) and the Big Five Personality. The findings indicated a significant relationship between Parents Communication, Attachment and Extraversion and the Agreeableness Trait of Personality. It also showed a significant relationship between Parents Communication Attachment and Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. We also found a significant relationship between Parents' Alienation Attachment and Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness. The study informs society about the need to increase awareness about the importance of knowing attachment styles and personality traits as both impact individuals' lives.
Fulltext The Prevalence of High Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and its Association with Sociodemographic Factors among Adults in Taman Dato' Rashid Salleh, Indera Mahkota, Kuantan

Rawahah Husna Ramli, Artika Hassan, Jamalludin Abd Rahman,, Razman Mohd Rus, Hafizah Pasi, Hashima E. Nasreen, et al.

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(102):18-0.
MyJurnal

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an insidious sleep breathing disorder, with cardinal manifestations of snoring, witnessed breathing pause during sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of OSA and its associated factors among adult population in Taman Dato’ Rashid Salleh, Kuantan. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 157 participants who lived in Taman Dato’ Rashid Salleh from May 2018 to June 2018. Obstructive sleep apnea was quantified using the self-administered Malaynvalidated Berlin questionnaire which apart from the demographic data included three categories (10 questions) designed to elicit information regarding snoring (category 1), daytime somnolence (category 2) and the presence of obesity and/or hypertension (category 3). The respondents were considered as high risk of OSA if two or more categories were positive. Weight, height and neck circumference were measured by using Secca© weight scales, Secca© stadiometer and non-elastic plastic tape, respectively. Descriptive statistics was used to measure the prevalence, while chi-square test was used to explore the association of OSA and its background variables. Results: Out of 157 respondents, female and Malay were dominant with the 56.7% and 91.0 %, respectively. The mean age of the respondents was 36.7 (12.2) years old. The prevalence of high risk of OSA in was 18.5%. There was no association between gender, age, race, smoking and neck circumference with risk of OSA while Body Mass Index (BMI) and hypertension were significantly related to an increased risk for developing OSA (p-value < 0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Two in every 10 adults in Taman Dato’ Rashid Salleh, Kuantan were at high risk of OSA. It is recommended that appropriate health promotion should be targeted to this community to instill awareness and increase the level of understanding of the public on OSA.
Fulltext Self-Reported Modifiable Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Older Adults in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Clustering

Chan YY, Sahril N, Rezali MS, Kuang Kuay L, Baharudin A, Abd Razak MA, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 07 27;18(15).
PMID: 34360235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157941

The co-occurrence of multiple modifiable risk factors increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity or mortality. This study examines the prevalence and clustering of self-reported modifiable CVD risk factors among older adults in Malaysia. A total of 7117 adults aged ≥50 years participated in the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2018: Elderly Health, a community-based cross-sectional survey. Data were collected using a standardized structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with the clustering of self-reported modifiable CVD risk factors. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, overweight/obesity, and current smoking was 23.3%, 42.2%, 35.6%, 58.4%, and 17.5%, respectively. Overall, the prevalence of clustering of ≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 modifiable CVD risk factors was 83.3%, 75.4%, and 62.6%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that men, 60-69 age group, urban dwellers, having no formal education, unemployed/retirees/homemakers, and being physically inactive were independently associated with self-reported modifiable CVD risk factors clustering. There are also ethnic differences in self-reported modifiable CVD risk factors clustering. Our findings underscore the necessity of targeted interventions and integrated strategies for early detection and treatment of modifiable CVD risk factors among older adults, considering age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

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