Displaying publications 301 - 320 of 4574 in total

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  1. Fulltext A comparison of 1995 WHO classification with 2003 ISN/RPS classification of lupus nephritis: a single centre observation
    Chow TK, Looi LM, Cheah PL
    Malays J Pathol, 2015 Dec;37(3):239-46.
    PMID: 26712669
    BACKGROUND: In the past, lupus nephritis was histologically classified according to the 1995 WHO Classification. With the introduction of the 2003 ISN/RPS Classification, many nephropathology services converted to this new classification. This study was undertaken to compare both classification systems in a single centre practice.
    METHODS: 103 consecutive adequate renal biopsies initially reported as lupus nephritis in the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya were reassessed using the criteria of both the 1995 WHO Classification and the 2003 ISN/ RPS Classification.
    RESULTS: The relative prevalence for each class using the WHO Classification were: Class I (1%), Class II (8.7%), Class III (6.8%), Class IV (60.2%), Class V (20.4%), Class VI (2.9%) while the prevalence using the 2003 ISN/RPS Classification were: Class I (1%), Class II (8.7%), Class III (6.8%), Class IV (61.2%), Class V (21.3%), Class VI (1%). Both classifications were essentially comparable with regards to Classes I, II and III. The differences in Classes IV, V and VI were significant in potential to alter patient management. The identification of segmental lesions (Class IV-S) over and above a global nephritis (Class IV-G) deserves more focused clinicopathological studies to gauge whether these groups have different clinical manifestations and outcomes. With regards Class V, the ISN/RPS system, by requiring that all mixed classes be stipulated in the diagnostic line, minimizes the chances of patients missing out on additional treatment. The ISN/ RPS system has stricter criteria for Class VI, which again minimizes patients missing out on therapy. On the whole, the ISN/RPS system is more user-friendly as criteria are more clearly defined which translates to more benefits to patient care.
    Study site: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  2. Fulltext The Link between Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Relation to Atmospheric Haze Pollution in Peninsular Malaysia
    De Pretto L, Acreman S, Ashfold MJ, Mohankumar SK, Campos-Arceiz A
    PLoS One, 2015;10(12):e0143655.
    PMID: 26646896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143655
    Transboundary haze episodes caused by seasonal forest fires have become a recurrent phenomenon in Southeast Asia, with serious environmental, economic, and public health implications. Here we present a cross-sectional survey conducted among people in Kuala Lumpur and surrounds to assess the links between knowledge, attitudes, and practices in relation to the transboundary haze episodes. Of 305 respondents, 125 were amateur athletes participating in a duathlon event and the remainder were surveyed in an inner-city shopping mall. Across the whole sample, people who possessed more factual information about the haze phenomenon showed significantly higher levels of concern. Duathletes were more knowledgeable than non-duathletes and also more concerned about the negative effects of haze, especially on health. For all people who regularly practice outdoor sports (including people interviewed at the shopping mall), higher levels of knowledge and concerned attitudes translated into a greater likelihood of engaging in protective practices, such as cancelling their outdoor training sessions, while those with greater knowledge were more likely to check the relevant air pollution index on a daily basis. Our results indicate that the provision of accurate and timely information about air quality to residents will translate into beneficial practices, at least among particularly exposed individuals, such as amateur athletes who regularly practice outdoor sports.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  3. How Easy is it to Read the Minds of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
    Sheppard E, Pillai D, Wong GT, Ropar D, Mitchell P
    J Autism Dev Disord, 2016 Apr;46(4):1247-54.
    PMID: 26603886 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2662-8
    How well can neurotypical adults' interpret mental states in people with ASD? 'Targets' (ASD and neurotypical) reactions to four events were video-recorded then shown to neurotypical participants whose task was to identify which event the target had experienced. In study 1 participants were more successful for neurotypical than ASD targets. In study 2, participants rated ASD targets equally expressive as neurotypical targets for three of the events, while in study 3 participants gave different verbal descriptions of the reactions of ASD and neurotypical targets. It thus seems people with ASD react differently but not less expressively to events. Because neurotypicals are ineffective in interpreting the behaviour of those with ASD, this could contribute to the social difficulties in ASD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  4. Fulltext Bertolotti's syndrome: A commonly missed cause of back pain in young patients
    Manmohan S, Dzulkarnain A, Nor Azlin ZA, Fazir M
    Malays Fam Physician, 2015;10(2):55-8.
    PMID: 27099663
    Bertolotti's syndrome must be considered as a differential diagnosis for lower back pain in young people. Treatment, whether conservative or operative, is still debatable. In this paper, we report a case of a 20-year-old girl presenting with lower back pain for 8 years. We administered injection with local anaesthetic and steroid injections within the pseudo-articulation; however, the pain was relieved for 3 weeks. Surgical excision of the pseudo-articulation successfully treated her back pain and the sciatica.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  5. The role of chunking in drawing Rey complex figure
    Obaidellah UH, Cheng PC
    Percept Mot Skills, 2015 Apr;120(2):535-55.
    PMID: 25706345 DOI: 10.2466/24.PMS.120v17x6
    The study investigated the effects of chunking and perceptual patterns that guide the drawings of Rey complex figure. Ten adult participants (M age=22.2 yr., SD=4.1) reproduced a single stimulus in four drawing modes including delayed recall, tracing, copying, and immediate recall across 10 sessions producing a total of 400 trials. It was hypothesized that the effect of chunking is most obvious in the free recall tasks than in the tracing or copying tasks. Measures such as pauses, patterns of drawings, and transitions among patterns of drawings suggested that participants used chunking to aid rapid learning of the diagram. The analysis of the participants' sequence of chunk production further revealed that they used a spatial schema to organize the chunks. Findings from this study provide additional evidence to support prior studies that claim graphical information is hierarchically organized.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  6. Fulltext Leprosy in Sarawak, Borneo: a 5 year review from 2008 to 2012
    Ling HN
    Lepr Rev, 2014 Dec;85(4):332-5.
    PMID: 25675658
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  7. Feature extraction and classification for EEG signals using wavelet transform and machine learning techniques
    Amin HU, Malik AS, Ahmad RF, Badruddin N, Kamel N, Hussain M, et al.
    Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, 2015 Mar;38(1):139-49.
    PMID: 25649845 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-015-0333-x
    This paper describes a discrete wavelet transform-based feature extraction scheme for the classification of EEG signals. In this scheme, the discrete wavelet transform is applied on EEG signals and the relative wavelet energy is calculated in terms of detailed coefficients and the approximation coefficients of the last decomposition level. The extracted relative wavelet energy features are passed to classifiers for the classification purpose. The EEG dataset employed for the validation of the proposed method consisted of two classes: (1) the EEG signals recorded during the complex cognitive task--Raven's advance progressive metric test and (2) the EEG signals recorded in rest condition--eyes open. The performance of four different classifiers was evaluated with four performance measures, i.e., accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision values. The accuracy was achieved above 98 % by the support vector machine, multi-layer perceptron and the K-nearest neighbor classifiers with approximation (A4) and detailed coefficients (D4), which represent the frequency range of 0.53-3.06 and 3.06-6.12 Hz, respectively. The findings of this study demonstrated that the proposed feature extraction approach has the potential to classify the EEG signals recorded during a complex cognitive task by achieving a high accuracy rate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  8. Influencing preferences for different types of causal explanation of complex events
    Klein G, Rasmussen L, Lin MH, Hoffman RR, Case J
    Hum Factors, 2014 Dec;56(8):1380-400.
    PMID: 25509820
    We examined preferences for different forms of causal explanations for indeterminate situations. Background: Klein and Hoffman distinguished several forms of causal explanations for indeterminate, complex situations: single-cause explanations, lists of causes, and explanations that interrelate several causes. What governs our preferences for single-cause (simple) versus multiple- cause (complex) explanations?
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  9. Fulltext Influence of refractive condition on retinal vasculature complexity in younger subjects
    Azemin MZ, Daud NM, Ab Hamid F, Zahari I, Sapuan AH
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:783525.
    PMID: 25371914 DOI: 10.1155/2014/783525
    The aim of this study was to compare the retinal vasculature complexity between emmetropia, and myopia in younger subjects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  10. Relationship between performance barriers and pharmacist competency towards the implementation of an expanded public health pharmacy role
    Mathialagan A, Nagalinggam P, Mathialagan S, Kirby BP
    Int J Pharm Pract, 2015 Oct;23(5):320-6.
    PMID: 25582973 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12170
    The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between performance barriers and competency, and implementation of an expanded public health role for community pharmacists.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  11. Suicide among the youth in Malaysia: What do we know?
    Bahar N, Ismail WS, Hussain N, Haniff J, Bujang MA, Hamid AM, et al.
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2015 Jun;7(2):223-9.
    PMID: 25367507 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12162
    This article aims to study the pattern of youth suicide cases in Malaysia, following which preventive actions can then be planned and practiced to reduce these suicide cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  12. Fulltext Completed suicides and self-harm in Malaysia: a systematic review
    Armitage CJ, Panagioti M, Abdul Rahim W, Rowe R, O'Connor RC
    Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 2015 Mar-Apr;37(2):153-65.
    PMID: 25636361 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.12.002
    Most of the research into suicide and self-harm has been conducted in the United States and Europe, yet the volume of research does not reflect the distribution of suicide globally, with Asia accounting for up to 60% of all suicides. The present study systematically reviews the literature to assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal acts in Malaysia in Southeast Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  13. Fulltext Multivariate analysis of factors affecting presence and/or agenesis of third molar tooth
    Alam MK, Hamza MA, Khafiz MA, Rahman SA, Shaari R, Hassan A
    PLoS One, 2014;9(6):e101157.
    PMID: 24967595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101157
    To investigate the presence and/or agenesis of third molar (M3) tooth germs in orthodontics patients in Malaysian Malay and Chinese population and evaluate the relationship between presence and/or agenesis of M3 with different skeletal malocclusion patterns and sagittal maxillomandibular jaw dimensions. Pretreatment records of 300 orthodontic patients (140 males and 160 females, 219 Malaysian Malay and 81 Chinese, average age was 16.27±4.59) were used. Third-molar agenesis was calculated with respect to race, genders, number of missing teeth, jaws, skeletal malocclusion patterns and sagittal maxillomandibular jaw dimensions. The Pearson chi-square test and ANOVA was performed to determine potential differences. Associations between various factors and M3 presence/agenesis groups were assessed using logistic regression analysis. The percentages of subjects with 1 or more M3 agenesis were 30%, 33% and 31% in the Malaysian Malay, Chinese and total population, respectively. Overall prevalence of M3 agenesis in male and female was equal (P>0.05). The frequency of the agenesis of M3s is greater in maxilla as well in the right side (P>0.05). The prevalence of M3 agenesis in those with a Class III and Class II malocclusion was relatively higher in Malaysian Malay and Malaysian Chinese population respectively. Using stepwise regression analyses, significant associations were found between Mx (P<0.05) and ANB (P<0.05) and M3 agenesis. This multivariate analysis suggested that Mx and ANB were significantly correlated with the M3 presence/agenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  14. Fulltext Does an educational intervention improve parents' knowledge about immunization? Experience from Malaysia
    Awadh AI, Hassali MA, Al-Lela OQ, Bux SH, Elkalmi RM, Hadi H
    BMC Pediatr, 2014;14:254.
    PMID: 25284603 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-254
    Parents' knowledge about immunization is an important predictor factor for their children's immunization status. The aims of this study were to assess parents' knowledge and to evaluate the effect of a short educational intervention on improving parents' knowledge of childhood immunization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  15. General Theory versus ENA Theory: Comparing Their Predictive Accuracy and Scope
    Ellis L, Hoskin A, Hartley R, Walsh A, Widmayer A, Ratnasingam M
    Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol, 2015 Dec;59(13):1429-58.
    PMID: 25063685 DOI: 10.1177/0306624X14543263
    General theory attributes criminal behavior primarily to low self-control, whereas evolutionary neuroandrogenic (ENA) theory envisions criminality as being a crude form of status-striving promoted by high brain exposure to androgens. General theory predicts that self-control will be negatively correlated with risk-taking, while ENA theory implies that these two variables should actually be positively correlated. According to ENA theory, traits such as pain tolerance and muscularity will be positively associated with risk-taking and criminality while general theory makes no predictions concerning these relationships. Data from Malaysia and the United States are used to test 10 hypotheses derived from one or both of these theories. As predicted by both theories, risk-taking was positively correlated with criminality in both countries. However, contrary to general theory and consistent with ENA theory, the correlation between self-control and risk-taking was positive in both countries. General theory's prediction of an inverse correlation between low self-control and criminality was largely supported by the U.S. data but only weakly supported by the Malaysian data. ENA theory's predictions of positive correlations between pain tolerance, muscularity, and offending were largely confirmed. For the 10 hypotheses tested, ENA theory surpassed general theory in predictive scope and accuracy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  16. Fulltext Family context and Khat chewing among adult Yemeni women: a cross-sectional study
    Al-Abed AA, Sutan R, Al-Dubai SA, Aljunid SM
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:505474.
    PMID: 24982886 DOI: 10.1155/2014/505474
    Khat chewing is associated with unfavourable health outcomes and family dysfunction. Few studies have addressed the factors associated with khat chewing among Yemeni women. However, the family and husband effects on chewing khat by women have not been addressed. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of khat chewing among Yemeni women and its associated factors, particularly husbands and family factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 692 adult Yemeni women in the city of Sana'a in Yemen using structured "face to face" interviews. Mean (±SD) age of women was 27.3 years (±6.10). The prevalence of chewing khat by women was 29.6%. Factors associated with chewing khat among women were chewing khat by husbands (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.26, 2.53), being married (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.20, 3.37), frequent family social gatherings (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.10), high family income (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.21), larger house (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.31), and age of women (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.92). It is concluded that khat chewing by women in this study was significantly associated with family factors and with khat chewing by their husbands. Urgent action is needed to control khat chewing particularly among women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  17. Fulltext Effect of Muslim prayer (Salat) on α electroencephalography and its relationship with autonomic nervous system activity
    Doufesh H, Ibrahim F, Ismail NA, Wan Ahmad WA
    J Altern Complement Med, 2014 Jul;20(7):558-62.
    PMID: 24827587 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0426
    OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effect of Muslim prayer (salat) on the α relative power (RPα) of electroencephalography (EEG) and autonomic nervous activity and the relationship between them by using spectral analysis of EEG and heart rate variability (HRV).

    METHODS: Thirty healthy Muslim men participated in the study. Their electrocardiograms and EEGs were continuously recorded before, during, and after salat practice with a computer-based data acquisition system (MP150, BIOPAC Systems Inc., Camino Goleta, California). Power spectral analysis was conducted to extract the RPα and HRV components.

    RESULTS: During salat, a significant increase (p

    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  18. Returning to "inhibition of return" by dissociating long-term oculomotor IOR from short-term sensory adaptation and other nonoculomotor "inhibitory" cueing effects
    Hilchey MD, Klein RM, Satel J
    J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 2014 Aug;40(4):1603-16.
    PMID: 24820438 DOI: 10.1037/a0036859
    We explored the nature and time course of effects generated by spatially uninformative peripheral cues by measuring these effects with localization responses to peripheral onsets or central arrow targets. In Experiment 1, participants made saccadic eye movements to equiprobable peripheral and central targets. At short cue-target onset asynchronies (CTOAs), responses to cued peripheral stimuli suffered from slowed responding attributable to sensory adaptation while responses to central targets were transiently facilitated, presumably due to cue-elicited oculomotor activation. At the longest CTOA, saccadic responses to central and peripheral targets were indistinguishably delayed, suggesting a common, output/decision effect (inhibition of return; IOR). In Experiment 2, we tested the hypothesis that the generation of this output effect is dependent on the activation state of the oculomotor system by forbidding eye movements and requiring keypress responses to frequent peripheral targets, while probing oculomotor behavior with saccades to infrequent central arrow targets. As predicted, saccades to central arrow targets showed neither the early facilitation nor later inhibitory effects that were robust in Experiment 1. At the long CTOA, manual responses to cued peripheral targets showed the typical delayed responses usually attributed to IOR. We recommend that this late "inhibitory" cueing effect (ICE) be distinguished from IOR because it lacks the cause (oculomotor activation) and effect (response bias) attributed to IOR when it was named by Posner, Rafal, Choate, and Vaughan (1985).
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  19. Fulltext Psychological traits underlying different killing methods among Malaysian male murderers
    Kamaluddin M, Shariff NS, Nurfarliza S, Othman A, Ismail KH, Mat Saat GA
    Malays J Pathol, 2014 Apr;36(1):41-50.
    PMID: 24763234 MyJurnal
    Murder is the most notorious crime that violates religious, social and cultural norms. Examining the types and number of different killing methods that used are pivotal in a murder case. However, the psychological traits underlying specific and multiple killing methods are still understudied. The present study attempts to fill this gap in knowledge by identifying the underlying psychological traits of different killing methods among Malaysian murderers. The study adapted an observational cross-sectional methodology using a guided self-administered questionnaire for data collection. The sampling frame consisted of 71 Malaysian male murderers from 11 Malaysian prisons who were selected using purposive sampling method. The participants were also asked to provide the types and number of different killing methods used to kill their respective victims. An independent sample t-test was performed to establish the mean score difference of psychological traits between the murderers who used single and multiple types of killing methods. Kruskal-Wallis tests were carried out to ascertain the psychological trait differences between specific types of killing methods. The results suggest that specific psychological traits underlie the type and number of different killing methods used during murder. The majority (88.7%) of murderers used a single method of killing. Multiple methods of killing was evident in 'premeditated' murder compared to 'passion' murder, and revenge was a common motive. Examples of multiple methods are combinations of stabbing and strangulation or slashing and physical force. An exception was premeditated murder committed with shooting, when it was usually a single method, attributed to the high lethality of firearms. Shooting was also notable when the motive was financial gain or related to drug dealing. Murderers who used multiple killing methods were more aggressive and sadistic than those who used a single killing method. Those who used multiple methods or slashing also displayed a higher level of minimisation traits. Despite its limitations, this study has provided some light on the underlying psychological traits of different killing methods which is useful in the field of criminology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
  20. Fulltext Nature and pattern of cricket injuries: the Asian Cricket Council Under-19, Elite Cup, 2013
    Das NS, Usman J, Choudhury D, Abu Osman NA
    PLoS One, 2014;9(6):e100028.
    PMID: 24927127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100028
    Cricket has over the years gained much popularity in Asia, thus the number of cricket players has also grown in tandem. However, cricket players are not as fortunate as other athletes as they do not always have a standard cricket infrastructure to practice; therefore, the injury prevalence is expected to be high. Unfortunately, very few studies have been conducted to investigate the nature and pattern of cricket injuries prevalent to cricketers in this region. Therefore, a prospective cohort injury surveillance study was conducted during the Asian Cricket Council (ACC) Under-19 Elite Cup held in June 2013 in order to gather more data on the type of injuries sustained by cricket players. Overall, 31 injuries occurred to 28 players throughout the tournament, of which 7 injuries happened during practice sessions. The overall injury incidence rate (IIR) was 292.0 per 10,000 player hours (95% CI 176.9-407.1) and 10.4 per 10,000 balls faced and 2.6 per 1000 overs bowled delivered during batting and bowling, respectively. Injuries to the lower limb (IIR: 146; 95% CI 1.8-98.2) were the most frequent, followed by injuries to the upper limb (97.3;95% CI 30.2-164.5) and to the trunk and back (IIR: 36.5;95% CI 0.0-77.7). Sprain/strains (IIR 109.5;95% CI 38.4-180.7) to muscle/tendon and joint/ligament were the most commonly reported nature of injury. This is the first study investigating injury incidence among the players of the ACC. It provides an overview of injuries sustained by elite players' under-19 years of age from 10 Asian countries. The overall IIR is similar to earlier studies conducted in well-established cricket playing nations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Young Adult
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