Displaying publications 301 - 320 of 5549 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Human mammaglobin in breast cancer: a brief review of its clinical utility
    Al Joudi FS
    Indian J Med Res, 2014 May;139(5):675-85.
    PMID: 25027076
    Human mammaglobin is a member of the uteroglobin proteins family that has recently been tested as a specific marker for breast cancer. While low levels may be seen in normal breast tissue, expression is increased dramatically in breast cancer and is correlated with higher grade. Detection in blood and body fluids is also correlated with cancer metastasis, and its levels with prognosis. This promises to be a useful screen for early detection of breast cancer, especially in high risk individuals. Mammoglobin has also been used for immunotherapeutic targeting of breast cancer cells. However, there are some controversies regarding its diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value, which warrant further study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/blood*; RNA, Messenger/blood; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood; Uteroglobin/blood*; Mammaglobin A/blood*
  2. Cord IgE and ECP levels of Malay neonates
    Yadav A, Naidu R
    Allergol Immunopathol (Madr), 2013 Nov-Dec;41(6):364-8.
    PMID: 23276420 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2012.08.007
    Cord IgE and ECP levels are major atopic markers implicated in early childhood allergy development. Most epidemiological studies to date have not utilised current technology to establish baseline cord IgE levels, further aggravated by lack of data in this region. This study also attempts to identify a relationship between cord IgE and ECP levels as a mean to improve sensitivity for early prediction of atopy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fetal Blood/immunology*; Immunoglobulin E/blood*; Biomarkers/blood; Eosinophil Cationic Protein/blood*
  3. Fulltext The blood pressure variability, arterial elasticity and humoral factors in subjects with family history of hypertension
    Rafidah HM, Azizi A, Suhaimi H, Noriah MN
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Mar;63(1):9-16.
    PMID: 18935724 MyJurnal
    Normotensive subjects with family history of hypertension (FHT) have been reported to have increased left ventricular mass index and reduced ventricular compliance. Of interest is whether blood pressure variability (BPV), which has been associated with target organ damage, is then part of this complex inherited syndrome? The objectives of this study are to determine whether there are any significant differences in BPV, arterial compliance and humoral factors in subjects with FHT as compared to controls. Thirty-five subjects with self reported FHT and 35 matched controls underwent 24 hour BP monitoring (BR-102, Schiller Inc. Germany). Arterial compliance was measured using systolic pulse wave tonometry (HDI/Pulsewave Cardiovascular Profiling Instrument, Hypertension Diagnostic Inc. USA). None of the subjects were hypertensive or diabetic. Out of these numbers, 25 subjects with FHT and 26 controls had measurements of plasma catecholamines, plasma renin and serum aldosterone. Catecholamines were assayed with high performance liquid chromatography, while both renin and aldosterone measurements were by radioimmunoassay. Subjects with FHT have higher night time BPV. There was no significant difference in arterial compliances between both groups. There were increased level of norepinephrine (NE) in subjects with FHT but epinephrine (E), renin and aldosterone levels were similar in both groups. There were no correlations between NE and BPV but E was negatively associated with daytime and mean arterial systolic BPV. In conclusion subjects with FHT demonstrated a higher night time BPV and NE level as compared to controls.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aldosterone/blood*; Blood Pressure/physiology*; Catecholamines/blood*; Renin/blood*
  4. Biochemical evaluation of an infant with hypoglycemia resulting from a novel de novo mutation of the GLUD1 gene and hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome
    Balasubramaniam S, Kapoor R, Yeow JH, Lim PG, Flanagan S, Ellard S, et al.
    J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 2011;24(7-8):573-7.
    PMID: 21932603
    Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome (HI/HA) (OMIM 606762), the second most common form of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is associated with activating missense mutations in the GLUD1 gene, which encodes the mitochondrial matrix enzyme, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Patients present with recurrent symptomatic postprandial hypoglycemia following protein-rich meals (leucine-sensitive hypoglycemia) as well as fasting hypoglycemia accompanied by asymptomatic elevations of plasma ammonia. In contrast to other forms of CHI, the phenotype is reported to be milder thus escaping recognition for the first few months of life. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to avoid the neurodevelopmental consequences including epilepsy and learning disabilities which are prevalent in this disorder. We report an infant presenting with afebrile seizures secondary to hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia resulting from a novel de novo mutation of the GLUD1 gene.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ammonia/blood; Blood Glucose/analysis; Hyperinsulinism/blood; Hypoglycemia/blood
  5. Fulltext Paraoxonase 1 activity as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes
    Poh R, Muniandy S
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2010 Sep;41(5):1231-46.
    PMID: 21073045
    The role of paraoxonase 1 in cardiovascular disease complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus is not fully understood. We studied paraoxonase activity towards paraoxon in 188 non-diabetic and 140 diabetic subjects using general linear models and univariate analysis. Adjusting for age revealed a reduction in activity towards paraoxon was associated with a significant increase in risk (p = 0.023) for cardiovascular disease complications in diabetic patients. Multivariate analysis of two plasma measures of paraoxonase activity using paraoxon and diazoxon also showed reduced paraoxonase activity towards paraoxon was associated with a significant increase in risk (p = 0.045) for cardiovascular disease complications in diabetic patients. These analyses showed that a reduced paraoxonase activity towards paraoxon was associated with ethnicity. Based on multivariate analysis, subjects of Malay ethnic origin have significantly higher than expected activity (p = 0.008, compared to Indians), towards paraoxon than subjects of Chinese origin who in turn had higher than expected paraoxonase activity (p = 0.028, compared to Indians) Indian subjects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis; Lipids/blood; Biomarkers/blood; Aryldialkylphosphatase/blood*
  6. Domestic and imported products--the Malaysian experience in assuring safe and sufficient plasma products
    Ayob Y
    Dev Biol (Basel), 2007;127:169-73.
    PMID: 17486890
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*; Blood Transfusion/methods*; Blood Transfusion/standards*; Blood Transfusion/statistics & numerical data
  7. Fulltext Seasonal variability of serum lipids in adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
    Hadaegh F, Harati H, Zabetian A, Azizi F
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Aug;61(3):332-8.
    PMID: 17240585
    There are contradictory results regarding the pattern of seasonal variation of serum lipids. The aim of this study was to compare serum lipid levels in different seasons in participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. This was a cross-sectional study among 2890 men and 4004 women 20-64 years old from the participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) between 1999 and 2001. Mean values of serum lipids in different seasons were compared with Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) after adjustment for age, physical activity level, smoking, BMI and Waist-to-hip ratio. In men, there was a significant trend for change in the values of cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C in different seasons, with higher cholesterol and LDL-C values in winter than in summer (P < 0.05). In women, only the mean values of triglycerides were significantly different between different seasons with values lower in winter than in summer. There was a 26.2% relative increase in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (> or = 240 mg/dl) in winter than in summer in men. The corresponding increase in the prevalence of high LDL-C (> or = 160 mg/dl) was 26.7% and 24.9% in men and women, respectively (P < 0.05). The prevalence of high triglycerides (> or = _ 200mg/dl) in women significantly decreased (23.8%) in winter relative to summer (P < 0.001). This study showed that there is seasonal variability in serum lipid values and this variability is greater in men than women. The increase in the prevalence of high LDL in winter in both sexes must be considered in population screening and in the follow-up of hyperlipidemic patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol/blood; Lipids/blood*; Cholesterol, HDL/blood; Cholesterol, LDL/blood; Triglycerides/blood
  8. Fulltext Blood pressure distribution in an Iranian adolescent population: "Tehran Lipid and Glucose study"
    Ghanbarian A, Rezaei-Ghaleh N, Salehi P, Azizi F
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Oct;61(4):433-7.
    PMID: 17243520
    Significant hypertension in adolescence is defined according to Blood Pressure (BP) distribution among general population. The present study was conducted to determine the BP distribution in Iranian adolescents. In a population-based study held in Tehran, BP data for 2560 participants aged 10-17 years (1247 boys and 1313 girls) were collected. The 90th and 95th percentiles of systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were obtained for different age and height subgroups of boys and girls. While the 90th and 95th percentiles of SBP obtained in our study were generally lower than international guidelines, the corresponding percentiles of DBP were higher. Significant associations were found between BP and age, height, weight and BMI. According to our findings, it is necessary to prepare BP reference tables according to regional surveys.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose*; Blood Pressure*; Blood Pressure Determination*
  9. Protein Profiling of Women with Spontaneous Preterm Birth
    Immaculate Mbongo L, Yamunah Devi A, Zain S, Omar SZ, Mohamed Z
    Pharmacology, 2015;96(1-2):44-8.
    PMID: 26065725 DOI: 10.1159/000430857
    Preterm birth (PTB) is the largest cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in the world. Ethnicity disparity in the occurrence of PTB has been associated with the cytokine function. In this study, we aimed at examining cytokine levels in women with spontaneous preterm and term births.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomarkers/blood; Cytokines/blood*; Inflammation Mediators/blood*; Premature Birth/blood*; Term Birth/blood*
  10. Fulltext The high-affinity human IgG receptor Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI) is not associated with vascular leakage of dengue
    Mohamad Zamberi Z, Zakaria Z, Abdul Aziz AT, Heng BS, Zaid M, Chong CL, et al.
    J Negat Results Biomed, 2015;14:1.
    PMID: 25566870 DOI: 10.1186/s12952-014-0020-6
    Dengue is a major public health problem in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Vascular leakage and shock are identified as the major causes of deaths in patients with severe dengue. Studies have suggested the potential role of Fc gamma receptors I (FcγRI) in the pathogenesis of dengue. We hypothesized that the circulating level of Fcγ receptor I could potentially be used as an indicator in assisting early diagnosis of severe dengue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/blood*; Immunoglobulin G/blood*; Biomarkers/blood; Receptors, IgG/blood*; Vascular System Injuries/blood*
  11. Beneficial effects of mangiferin isolated from Salacia chinensis on biochemical and hematological parameters in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes
    Sellamuthu PS, Arulselvan P, Fakurazi S, Kandasamy M
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2014 Jan;27(1):161-7.
    PMID: 24374436
    Salacia chinensis L. is a traditional Southeast Asian herbal medicine and used in the treatment of diabetes. To investigate the antidiabetic properties of mangiferin from Salacia chinensis and its beneficial effect on toxicological and hematological parameters in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Mangiferin was orally treated with the dose of 40 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days to diabetic rats. Biochemical (blood glucose, uric acid, urea and creatinine), toxicological (AST, ALT and ALP) and hematological parameters (red and white blood cells) and their functional indices were evaluated in diabetic treated groups with mangiferin and glibenclamide. Mangiferin treated diabetic rats significantly (p<0.05) lowered the level of blood glucose, in addition, altered the levels of biochemical parameters including urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Toxicological parameters including AST, ALT and ALP were also significantly reduced after treatment with mangiferin in diabetic rats. Similarly, the levels of red blood, white blood cells and their functional indices were significantly improved through the administration of mangiferin. Thus, our results indicate that mangiferin present in S. chinensis possesses antidiabetic properties and nontoxic nature against chemically induced diabetic rats. Further experimental investigations are warrant to make use of its relevant therapeutic effect to substantiate its ethno-medicinal usage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis; Creatinine/blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood; Uric Acid/blood
  12. Total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin are significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly men
    Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S, Mohamed IN, Aminuddin A, Ngah WZ
    Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes, 2013 Jul;121(7):407-12.
    PMID: 23765753 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1345164
    Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) have been shown to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) in men. This study aimed at validating these relationships in a group of middle-aged and elderly men and assessing their strength of association to MS. A cross-sectional study of 332 Malaysian men aged 40 years and above was conducted. The blood of subject was collected under fasting condition for determination of testosterone, SHBG, glucose and lipid levels. Their medical history, smoking and alcohol consumption status, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) were recorded. All testosterone and SHBG levels were significantly reduced in MS subjects compared to non-MS subjects (p<0.05). Testosterone and SHBG were correlated significantly with most of the MS indicators without adjustments. In multiple regression analysis, the triglyceride level was the only MS indicator that was significantly, inversely and independently associated with all testosterone measurements and SHBG (p<0.05). Waist circumference was significantly and negatively associated with SHBG level (p<0.05) though not independent of BMI. Total testosterone and SHBG were significantly and inversely associated with the presence of MS. Testosterone and SHBG are potential intervention targets for the prevention of MS in men.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism; Lipids/blood; Testosterone/blood*; Metabolic Syndrome X/blood*
  13. Fulltext Systemic and coronary levels of CRP, MPO, sCD40L and PlGF in patients with coronary artery disease
    Fong SW, Few LL, See Too WC, Khoo BY, Nik Ibrahim NN, Yahaya SA, et al.
    BMC Res Notes, 2015;8:679.
    PMID: 26576922 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1677-8
    Biomarkers play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of patients with acute coronary syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the differences in level of several biomarkers, i.e. C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, soluble CD40 ligand and placental growth factor, between acute coronary syndrome and chronic stable angina patients. The relationship between these biomarkers in the coronary circulation and systemic circulation was also investigated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Artery Disease/blood; Peroxidase/blood; Pregnancy Proteins/blood; Biomarkers/blood; CD40 Ligand/blood
  14. Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Uses of Nigella Sativa (Black Seed) in Metabolic Syndrome
    Elhariri S, Burud I, Zulaimy NA, Tong JA, Ahmed I, Kar Chun SC, et al.
    West Afr J Med, 2024 Apr 30;41(4):372-380.
    PMID: 39002164
    BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome as defined by The National Cholesterol Education Panel-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEPATP III), is the presence of obesity, dyslipidaemia, the elevation of arterial blood pressure, and glucose intolerance. It affects 25% to 40% of the adult population of Malaysia and is associated with other medical conditions, especially cardiovascular disease. In this systematic review, the objective is to assess the effects of Nigella Sativa on parameters that reflect metabolic syndromes, such as lipid profile, blood pressure, blood glucose, and anthropometry indices.

    METHODS: This systematic review was conducted by performing searches for relevant publications on two databases (PubMed and Scopus). The publication period was limited from January 2011 to December 2021. Cochrane collaboration tools were used for the risk of bias assessment of each trial.

    RESULT: Six out of 8 randomised controlled trials (n:776) demonstrated a significant improvement in lipid profile (p <0.05), 5 out of 7 trials (n:701) showed a significant reduction in glycaemic indices (p <0.05), 1 out of 5 trials (n:551) demonstrated significant improvements in blood pressure (p <0.05), and 2 out of 7 trials (n:705) showed a significant reduction in anthropometric measurements (p <0.05).

    CONCLUSION: Nigella Sativa has proved to have a significant positive effect on lipid profile and glycaemic index. The results showed in the parameters of blood pressure and anthropometric indices are less convincing, as results were inconsistent across studies. Nigella Sativa can therefore be recommended as an adjunct therapy for metabolic syndrome.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/drug effects; Blood Pressure/drug effects; Lipids/blood
  15. Effects of tocotrienol-enriched oat supplementation on metabolic profile, nutritional status and health-related quality of life among patients with metabolic syndrome
    Norazman CW, Mohd Sopian M, Lee LK
    Food Funct, 2025 Mar 03;16(5):1847-1863.
    PMID: 39930892 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo03307h
    Background: Tocotrienol has garnered significant attention due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in ameliorating cardiovascular-related comorbidities. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of tocotrienol-enriched oat supplementation on individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Method: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human clinical trial. Patients with MetS were randomized to the tocotrienol-enriched oat (TO), oat (O) or control (C) groups. Both TO and O groups were supplemented twice daily for 12 weeks, while group C did not receive any intervention. Changes in the metabolic profile of individuals were considered as the primary endpoint. The secondary endpoints included the morphological assessment of nutritional and anthropometric parameters and health-related quality of life. Other measurements included compliance and tolerability to the study regime. Results: The rate of MetS remission in the TO and O groups was approximately twice than that in the control group (37.0% vs. 18.5%). After 12 weeks, the TO group showed significant improvements in the fasting blood glucose (-4.5%), blood pressure (systolic: -4.2%; diastolic: -5.3%), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (+34.1%), and triglyceride (-7.1%) (p < 0.05) levels. Group TO demonstrated an increase in muscle mass (+0.301 kg, p < 0.05) and reduced body fat (-0.775%, p < 0.05). Both the TO and O groups showed improvements in the overall HR-QoL, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of tocotrienol-enriched oat supplementation improved surrogate endpoints associated with MetS. This complementary dietary management approach may be more effective at alleviating MetS symptoms than the pharmacological approach alone and could be a safe dietary strategy for secondary prevention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism; Blood Pressure/drug effects; Triglycerides/blood
  16. Fulltext Blood Metabolic Signatures of Body Mass Index: A Targeted Metabolomics Study in the EPIC Cohort
    Carayol M, Leitzmann MF, Ferrari P, Zamora-Ros R, Achaintre D, Stepien M, et al.
    J Proteome Res, 2017 Sep 01;16(9):3137-3146.
    PMID: 28758405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b01062
    Metabolomics is now widely used to characterize metabolic phenotypes associated with lifestyle risk factors such as obesity. The objective of the present study was to explore the associations of body mass index (BMI) with 145 metabolites measured in blood samples in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Metabolites were measured in blood from 392 men from the Oxford (UK) cohort (EPIC-Oxford) and in 327 control subjects who were part of a nested case-control study on hepatobiliary carcinomas (EPIC-Hepatobiliary). Measured metabolites included amino acids, acylcarnitines, hexoses, biogenic amines, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins. Linear regression models controlled for potential confounders and multiple testing were run to evaluate the associations of metabolite concentrations with BMI. 40 and 45 individual metabolites showed significant differences according to BMI variations, in the EPIC-Oxford and EPIC-Hepatobiliary subcohorts, respectively. Twenty two individual metabolites (kynurenine, one sphingomyelin, glutamate and 19 phosphatidylcholines) were associated with BMI in both subcohorts. The present findings provide additional knowledge on blood metabolic signatures of BMI in European adults, which may help identify mechanisms mediating the relationship of BMI with obesity-related diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amino Acids/blood; Bile Duct Neoplasms/blood*; Biogenic Amines/blood; Blood Proteins/genetics; Blood Proteins/metabolism; Carcinoma/blood*; Carnitine/blood; Diabetes Mellitus/blood*; Hexoses/blood; Liver Neoplasms/blood*; Obesity/blood*; Phosphatidylcholines/blood; Sphingomyelins/blood
  17. Fulltext Effect of physical activity promotion on adiponectin, leptin and other inflammatory markers in prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    Jadhav RA, Maiya GA, Hombali A, Umakanth S, Shivashankar KN
    Acta Diabetol, 2021 Apr;58(4):419-429.
    PMID: 33211181 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01626-1
    AIMS: Inflammatory stage in prediabetes is associated with increase in level of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Physical activity promotion considered as a first-line therapeutic strategy to treat prediabetes. We have conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis to strengthen the evidence on the impact of physical activity promotion on inflammatory markers in prediabetes.

    METHODS: Studies were identified using electronic search and manual search techniques by choosing keywords for prediabetes, physical activity and inflammatory marker. Randomized controlled trials on individuals diagnosed with prediabetes and provided intervention in the form of physical activity were included in this review. Adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α were the considered outcome measures.

    RESULTS: Our search retrieved 1,688 citations, 31 full-text articles assessed for eligibility of inclusion. Nine studies satisfied the pre-specified criteria for inclusion. Meta-analysis found that physical activity with or without dietary or lifestyle modification reduces level of leptin (MD-2.11 ng/mL, 95% CI -3.81 - -0.42) and interleukin-6 (MD -0.15 pg/mL, 95% CI -0.25--0.04). It has no effect on level of adiponectin (MD 0.26 µg/mL, 95% CI -0.42- 0.93), C-reactive protein (MD -0.05 mg/L, 95% CI -0.33-0.23) and tumour necrosis factor-α (MD 0.67 pg/mL, 95% CI -2.56-3.89).

    CONCLUSIONS: This review suggests that physical activity promotion with dietary and lifestyle modification may reduce the level of leptin and interleukin-6 but are uncertain if there is any effect on levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor-α in the individuals with prediabetes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Inflammation/blood; Prediabetic State/blood*; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood; Biomarkers/blood; Cytokines/blood; Inflammation Mediators/blood*; Leptin/blood*; Adiponectin/blood*; Adipokines/blood
  18. Vitamin D in gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with hyperglycaemia, insulin sensitivity and other factors
    Ismail NA, Mohamed Ismail NA, Bador KM
    J Obstet Gynaecol, 2021 Aug;41(6):899-903.
    PMID: 33962550 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1820462
    We investigated if vitamin D is independently associated with hyperglycaemia in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD), fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, fructosamine, insulin sensitivity (QUICKI equation), body mass index, clothing style and outdoor activity were measured in 58 pregnant women with GDM during the third trimester. 25OHD was also measured in 20 women with normal pregnancies. There was no significant difference in mean 25OHD concentrations between GDM (14.43 ± 5.27 ng/ml) and normal (15.45 ± 5.29 ng/ml) pregnancies, p = .354. However, a higher percentage of GDM subjects had 25OHD concentration <19.8 ng/ml (86 versus 65%, p = .003). 25OHD did not correlate with FBG, HbA1c, fructosamine, insulin sensitivity or insulin dosage (p > .05). On multivariate analysis, only ethnicity (p = .006) and outdoor activity (p = .004) were associated with 25OHD. We conclude that the lower 25OHD levels in our GDM patients were related to ethnicity and outdoor activity (Study FF-2017-111, National University of Malaysia, 16 March 2017).IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy is widespread and particularly in certain ethnic groups. Low vitamin D levels may be an aetiological factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) but previous studies provide conflicting results perhaps due to confounding factors.What do the results of this study add? In this study of pregnant women with GDM from different ethnic backgrounds, we analysed serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels together with other confounding factors, that is, body mass index, ethnicity and sunlight exposure. Furthermore, instead of using consensus values, we determined cut-offs for different vitamin D status from normal pregnancies matched for gestational age and ethnicity. We found that a higher percentage of GDM subjects had lower vitamin D status but there was no correlation with hyperglycaemia or insulin sensitivity. The study showed that lower vitamin D levels in GDM was associated with ethnicity and less outdoor activity.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In GDM patients, low vitamin D levels may be modifiable by supplementation or lifestyle change. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether this would impact on the occurrence of GDM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis; Hyperglycemia/blood*; Insulin/blood; Pregnancy Complications/blood*; Pregnancy Trimester, Third/blood; Vitamin D/blood; Vitamin D Deficiency/blood; Diabetes, Gestational/blood*
  19. Fulltext Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-product (sRAGE)/pentosidine ratio: a potential risk factor determinant for type 2 diabetic retinopathy
    Ng ZX, Chua KH, Iqbal T, Kuppusamy UR
    Int J Mol Sci, 2013;14(4):7480-91.
    PMID: 23552832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047480
    This study aims to investigate potential diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk factors by evaluating the circulating levels of pentosidine, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-product (sRAGE), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in DR patients. A total of 235 healthy controls, 171 type 2 diabetic without retinopathy (DNR) and 200 diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients were recruited. Plasma was extracted for the estimation of pentosidine, sRAGE, AOPP levels and GPx activity whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells were disrupted for SOD activity measurement. DNR and DR patients showed significantly higher levels of plasma pentosidine, sRAGE and AOPP but lower GPx and SOD activities when compared to healthy controls. The sRAGE/pentosidine ratio in DR patients was significantly lower than the ratio detected in DNR patients. Proliferative DR patients had significantly higher levels of plasma pentosidine, sRAGE, AOPP and sRAGE/pentosidine ratio than non-proliferative DR patients. High HbA1c level, long duration of diabetes and low sRAGE/pentosidine ratio were determined as the risk factors for DR. This study suggests that sRAGE/pentosidine ratio could serve as a risk factor determinant for type 2 DR as it has a positive correlation with the severity of DR.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm/blood*; Arginine/blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood*; Diabetic Retinopathy/blood*; Glutathione Peroxidase/blood; Lysine/blood; Superoxide Dismutase/blood; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/blood*; Advanced Oxidation Protein Products/blood
  20. Effects of cocoa extract on glucometabolism, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzymes in obese-diabetic (Ob-db) rats
    Jalil AM, Ismail A, Pei CP, Hamid M, Kamaruddin SH
    J Agric Food Chem, 2008 Sep 10;56(17):7877-84.
    PMID: 18702467 DOI: 10.1021/jf8015915
    In this present study, we investigated the effects of cocoa extract containing polyphenols and methylxanthines prepared from cocoa powder on the biochemical parameters of obese-diabetic (Ob-db) rats. Obese-diabetic (Ob-db) rats were developed using a high-fat diet (49% fat, 32% carbohydrate, and 19% protein from total energy, kcal) for 3 months, followed by a low dose (35 mg/kg body weight) streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Cocoa extract (600 mg/kg body weight/day) was given to the rats for 4 weeks. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in fasting plasma glucose and insulin level after 4 weeks of cocoa extract administration. Oral glucose tolerance test revealed that cocoa supplementation in Ob-db rats significantly (p < 0.05) reduced plasma glucose at 60 and 90 min compared to unsupplemented Ob-db rats. Plasma free fatty acid and oxidative stress biomarker (8-isoprostane) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced after cocoa supplementation. Superoxide dismutase activity was enhanced in Ob-db compared to that in nonsupplemented rats. However, no change was observed in catalase activity. The results showed that cocoa supplementation had an effect on postprandial glucose control but not for long term (4 weeks). Moreover, cocoa supplementation could reduce circulating plasma free fatty acid and 8-isoprostane and may enhance the antioxidant defense system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/drug effects*; Blood Glucose/metabolism; Catalase/blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood*; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood; Insulin/blood; Obesity/blood; Superoxide Dismutase/blood
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links