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  1. Elder Abuse and Neglect Intervention in the Clinical Setting: Perceptions and Barriers Faced by Primary Care Physicians in Malaysia
    Mohd Mydin FH, Othman S
    J Interpers Violence, 2020 11;35(23-24):6041-6066.
    PMID: 29294874 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517726411
    This qualitative study attempts to explore the definition, perceptions, practice experience, and barriers of primary care physicians (PCPs) in identifying and intervening in cases of elder abuse and neglect at the primary care level. Semistructured in-depth interview was conducted among 10 PCPs. Participants were selected by purposive sampling. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. In general, PCPs showed consistency in defining elder abuse and neglect. PCPs considered that they were optimally positioned to intervene in cases of elder abuse and neglect, but indicated the potential of overlooking such problems. The hurdles faced by PCPs in the identification and intervention of elder abuse were determined to be occurring at three levels: clinical, organizational, and policy. At the clinical level, PCPs recognize that they are lacking both the confidence and knowledge of elder abuse and neglect intervention. PCPs' conflicting personal and professional beliefs create barriers during the clinical practice. Time constraints, patients' other clinical problems, and, in addition, the preservation of a good doctor-patient relationship overshadow the importance of addressing and intervening in elder abuse and neglect issues during the consultation. This is further exacerbated by the barriers perceived by the patients: their nondisclosure and reluctance to accept outside intervention. At the organizational level, the lack of efficient interagency networks or support for the health system poses barriers. At the policy level, the absence of legislation specifically addressing elder abuse also creates considerable difficulties. However, PCPs gave differing responses when asked about a law concerning the elderly and mandatory reporting. Addressing these multilevel barriers is critical for ensuring that opportunities arising at the primary care level for elder maltreatment intervention are correctly utilized.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  2. No clarity on the definition of parity: A survey accessing interpretation of the word parity amongst obstetricians and midwives and a literature review
    Maraj H, Kumari S
    Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2021 Aug;263:15-19.
    PMID: 34129962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.05.042
    OBJECTIVES: We assessed clinical interpretation of the word parity amongst obstetricians and midwives in Wales and performed a literature review to identify a standardised definition.

    STUDY DESIGN: A survey was conducted by electronic questionnaire to obstetricians across Wales and midwives across North Wales. The questionnaire was distributed to obstetricians using the Wales Information System. Midwives were surveyed using a health board wide distribution list. This was followed by a literature review using dictionaries, standard texts, professional bodies and websites. References were obtained for the UK, USA, India, Malaysia and West Indies.

    RESULTS: There were 143 responses from 63 doctors and 80 midwives. 5% of doctors and 49 % of midwives did not include stillbirths after 24 completed weeks in their definition of parity. 84 % of all surveyed described having a previous twin delivery as Para 2. 23 references were obtained for a definition of parity. Parity was variability defined as the number of conceptions, pregnancies, births and babies. Only 12 sources offered a definition in reference to multiple pregnancy. Of these, 8 sources defined multiple births as a single parous event.

    CONCLUSIONS: There are variations in definitions for the term parity from referenced sources and variation in understanding amongst staff surveyed. We recommend UK professional bodies take into consideration the findings of this study and provide a standard consensus definition of parity.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  3. Parental bonding, depressive experiences, and symptomology: An investigation among college students in Malaysia
    Yen J, Tam CL, Lee SL
    Psych J, 2021 Aug;10(4):574-586.
    PMID: 33928765 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.450
    This study examined the perceptions of parental bonding, depressive experiences of self-criticism and dependency, and the current level of depressive symptomology among 212 college students from Sabah, Malaysia. The participants completed the brief version of the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Reconstructed Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire. The results showed significant direct effects of maternal care, maternal overprotection, paternal care, self-criticism, and dependency on depressive symptomology. In contrast, the indirect effects of self-criticism and dependency on the relationship between parental bonding and depressive symptomology were not significant. These findings were in line with previous studies that have highlighted the significance of parent-child bonding, self-criticism, and dependency in the development of depressive symptomology. However, they contradicted previous results on the significant indirect effects of self-criticism and dependency. This study highlights the importance of parental care and overprotection, as they can predict the manifestation of depressive symptomology at a later stage in life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  4. Fulltext LSTM Networks to Improve the Prediction of Harmful Algal Blooms in the West Coast of Sabah
    Yussof FN, Maan N, Md Reba MN
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 07 19;18(14).
    PMID: 34300100 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147650
    Harmful algal bloom (HAB) events have alarmed authorities of human health that have caused severe illness and fatalities, death of marine organisms, and massive fish killings. This work aimed to perform the long short-term memory (LSTM) method and convolution neural network (CNN) method to predict the HAB events in the West Coast of Sabah. The results showed that this method could be used to predict satellite time series data in which previous studies only used vector data. This paper also could identify and predict whether there is HAB occurrence in the region. A chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a; mg/L) variable was used as an HAB indicator, where the data were obtained from MODIS and GEBCO bathymetry. The eight-day dataset interval was from January 2003 to December 2018. The results obtained showed that the LSTM model outperformed the CNN model in terms of accuracy using RMSE and the correlation coefficient r as the statistical criteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  5. Fulltext A map of the extent and year of detection of oil palm plantations in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand
    Danylo O, Pirker J, Lemoine G, Ceccherini G, See L, McCallum I, et al.
    Sci Data, 2021 03 30;8(1):96.
    PMID: 33785753 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00867-1
    In recent decades, global oil palm production has shown an abrupt increase, with almost 90% produced in Southeast Asia alone. To understand trends in oil palm plantation expansion and for landscape-level planning, accurate maps are needed. Although different oil palm maps have been produced using remote sensing in the past, here we use Sentinel 1 imagery to generate an oil palm plantation map for Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand for the year 2017. In addition to location, the age of the oil palm plantation is critical for calculating yields. Here we have used a Landsat time series approach to determine the year in which the oil palm plantations are first detected, at which point they are 2 to 3 years of age. From this, the approximate age of the oil palm plantation in 2017 can be derived.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  6. Fulltext Neuroretinitis in ocular bartonellosis: a case series
    Raihan AR, Zunaina E, Wan-Hazabbah WH, Adil H, Lakana-Kumar T
    Clin Ophthalmol, 2014;8:1459-66.
    PMID: 25120352 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S63667
    We report a case series of neuroretinitis in ocular bartonellosis and describe the serologic verification for Bartonella henselae. This is a retrospective interventional case series of four patients who presented in the ophthalmology clinic of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from June 2012 to March 2013. All four patients had a history of contact with cats and had fever prior to ocular symptoms. Each patient presented with neuroretinitis characterized by optic disc swelling with macular star. Serology analysis showed strongly positive for B. henselae in all of the patients. All patients were treated with oral azithromycin (except case 4, who was treated with oral doxycycline), and two patients (case 1 and case 3) had poor vision at initial presentation that warranted the use of oral prednisolone. All patients showed a good visual outcome except case 3. Vision-threatening ocular manifestation of cat scratch disease can be improved with systemic antibiotics and steroids.
    Study site: Ophthalmology clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  7. Fulltext Choroidal neovascularization secondary to Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy in two siblings of a Malay family
    Alisa-Victoria K, Jin-Poi T, Shatriah I, Zunaina E, Ngah NF
    Clin Ophthalmol, 2014;8:537-42.
    PMID: 24648718 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S55623
    Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy complicated with choroidal neovascularization is rare in children. We report three children from a Malay family of five siblings with Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy, in which two of them subsequently developed choroidal neovascularization. The possible pathogenesis of this rare condition is described and highlighted in this report.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  8. Fulltext Optic disc topography in Malay patients with normal-tension glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma
    Adlina AR, Alisa-Victoria K, Shatriah I, Liza-Sharmini AT, Ahmad MS
    Clin Ophthalmol, 2014;8:2533-9.
    PMID: 25540578 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S71136
    There are limited data concerning the optic disc topography in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients living in Southeast Asian countries. This study aims to compare optic disc parameters in patients with NTG and POAG in Malaysia and to discuss the results in comparison with studies of NTG and POAG in other Asian countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  9. Anti-gay "Honor" Abuse: A Multinational Attitudinal Study of Collectivist- Versus Individualist-Orientated Populations in Asia and England
    Lowe M, Khan R, Thanzami V, Barzy M, Karmaliani R
    J Interpers Violence, 2021 08;36(15-16):7866-7885.
    PMID: 30924715 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519838493
    Cultural collectivism, a core feature of honor cultures, is associated with the acceptance of aggression if it is used in the name of so-called "honor." Currently overlooked in the research literature, this study explored perceptions of antigay "honor" abuse in collectivist-orientated honor cultures, where homosexuality, in particular, is considered to be dishonorable. To conduct exploratory and comparative analysis, this study recruited 922 students in four Asian countries (India, Iran, Malaysia, and Pakistan), as well as Asian British and White British students in England. All participants read a brief vignette depicting a man whose relatives verbally abuse him and threaten him with life-threatening violence, after suspecting that he is gay and has joined an online dating website to meet men. Participants then completed a short questionnaire that assessed the extent to which they thought the man's actions had damaged his family's honor and their approval of the antigay "honor" abuse depicted in the scenario. Broadly in line with predictions, data analyses revealed attitudes more supportive of antigay "honor" abuse in all five collectivist-orientated populations than the sample of individualistic-orientated counterparts in England. Notably, however, a series of one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) demonstrated that these results varied depending on country of residence, gender, religious denomination, educational status, and age. The findings show that individual and demographic differences influence perceptions toward homophobic "honor" abuse in collectivist cultures. These differences are useful indices of the psychosocial factors that underpin hostile attitudes toward gay males in cultures where homosexuality is denounced.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  10. Fulltext Breakfast skipping and its associated factors among undergraduates in a public university in Kuala Lumpur
    Moy FM, Johari S, Ismail Y, Mahad R, Tie FH, Wan Ismail WA
    Malays J Nutr, 2009 Sep;15(2):165-74.
    PMID: 22691814 MyJurnal
    An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in a public university in Kuala Lumpur among a random sample of 2665 undergraduates. The objective was to study the prevalence of breakfast skipping and its associated factors. Data collection was conducted via a self-administered pre-tested questionnaire. There were 43.5% male respondents, with Malays being the majority (58.3%). The prevalence of breakfast skipping was 29.2 (95% CI: 27.3 - 30.3)%. The factors significantly associated with breakfast skipping (p<0.05) were age, race, accommodation, faculty and skipping dinner. As the respondents' age increased, their risk of breakfast skipping was lower (OR: 0.95; 0.89 - 0.99). Malays (OR: 1.94; 1.48 - 2.54), Indians (OR: 1.70; 1.08 - 2.66), and students from the Sabah and Sarawak indigenous communities (OR: 2.13; 1.37 - 3.33) were more likely to skip breakfast compared to their Chinese counterparts. Respondents who stayed in their own houses were also less likely to skip breakfast compared to those staying in hostel with meals catered (OR: 2.32; 1.39 - 3.84), hostel with cafeteria (OR: 2.92; 1.74 - 4.91) or in rented houses (OR: 2.08; 1.25 - 3.46). Respondents majoring in Arts and Economics had 1.40 (1.07 - 1.82) times risk of breakfast skipping compared to those majoring in Life Sciences. Those who skipped dinner too had twice the odds (1.47 - 2.77) of breakfast skipping. In conclusion the prevalence of breakfast skipping among the undergraduates of this university was moderately high. Health awareness campaigns or introduction of healthy eating guidelines should be initiated for the undergraduates as well as food caterers in campus. The policy and pricing of catered food in campus should also be reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  11. Fulltext Recommended nutrient intake for dietary fibre: bar set too high for Malaysians?
    Ng TKW, Chow SS, Chan LP, Lee CY, Lim SQ
    Malays J Nutr, 2010 Aug;16(2):271-80.
    PMID: 22691932 MyJurnal
    This article presents findings from three separate data sets on food consumption in apparently healthy Malaysian adult males and females aged 22-60 years, and secondary data extracted from the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS) 2003. Assessment of food intake by 24-hour recall or the food diary method and use of the nutrient calculator- DietPLUS- to quantify intake of macronutrients and dietary fibre (DF) in the primary data, revealed low mean DF intakes of 10.7±1.0 g/day (Course participants, n=52), 15.6 ±1.2 (University sample, n=103), and 16.1±6.1 (Research Institute staff, n=25). An alarmingly high proportion of subjects (75 to 95%) in these three data sets did not meet the national population intake goal of 20-30 g DF/day. A list of 39 food items which contain fibre, extracted from the MANS 2003 report as being average amounts consumed daily by each Malaysian adult, provided 19.2 g DF which meant that >50% of Malaysian adults consumed less than the recommended DF intake of 20-30 g/day. This large deficit of actual intake versus recommended intakes is not new and is also observed in developed western nations. What is of great concern is that the preliminary findings presented in this article indicate that the national population goal of 20-30 g DF/day may be beyond the habitual diets of the majority of Malaysians. Appropriately, the authors propose the inclusion of a daily minimum requirement for DF intake in the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines, which would somewhat mimic the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines 1999 for dietary fat, as well as the stand taken by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) of the United Kingdom. This minimum requirement, if agreed to, should not be higher than the 16 g DF or so provided by the hypothetical 'high-fibre' healthy diet exemplified in this article.
    Study name: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2003)
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  12. Fulltext Readiness towards online learning among physiotherapy undergraduates
    Ranganathan H, Singh DKA, Kumar S, Sharma S, Chua SK, Ahmad NB, et al.
    BMC Med Educ, 2021 Jul 10;21(1):376.
    PMID: 34246264 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02803-8
    BACKGROUND: Online learning is an attractive option for educators, especially as means of overcoming the challenges posed by the global pandemic. Although it is best to evaluate student readiness prior to commencement of an online course, to ensure successful development and delivery of student-centric teaching and learning strategies, readiness towards online learning among physiotherapy undergraduates is unknown. The main aim of this study was to examine physiotherapy undergraduates' readiness towards online learning.

    METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, participants were selected through a combination of total population and convenience sampling. The Student Online Learning Readiness questionnaire was distributed among physiotherapy undergraduates from two public and two private universities in Malaysia to investigate their technical, social and communication competencies. Information about device characteristics were obtained to evaluate their equipment readiness. Descriptive and group comparisons were conducted using independent t-test, and analysis of variance with p  80% possessed smartphones and laptop) level of equipment readiness. Institution and gender had no significant effect on the level of readiness (p > 0.05). Year 1 and 2 had significantly higher levels of social competencies with instructor compared to final year physiotherapy undergraduates (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  13. Fulltext The role of partnership in capacity building in public health nutrition - experience of Malaysia
    Awin N
    Malays J Nutr, 2002 Mar;8(1):99-107.
    PMID: 22692442 MyJurnal
    Public Health emphasizes the plurality of the determinants of health of individuals, families and communities. Nutrition, as a major determinant of health, is itself influenced by a multitude of determinants that are under the purview of several agencies. Thus, inter-sectoral collaboration among the relevant agencies is imperative for promoting optimal health and nutrition such a partnership is manifested in the development and implementation of the National Plan of Nutrition (NPAN) of Malaysia pursuant to the International Conference on Nutrition (ICN) held in 1992. While the overall coordination of NPAN is at the Family Development Division in the Ministry of Health, the body that sees to the coordination is again a multi-agency group in the form of the National Coordinating Committee for Food and Nutrition (NCCFN). The NCCFN has representation for the nine thrust areas of NPAN that cut across various sectors including health, agriculture, education, community development and economic planning. Capacity building is a central strategy in the NPAN through the creation of positions and special budgetary allocations, and the implementation of activities including research, training, development of dietary guidelines and the National Nutrition Policy. This policy will be a major driving force for strengthening and building of capacity for nutrition-related activities, and more importantly it will facilitate a coordinated and coherent approach to capacity building, including sharing of resources.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  14. Fulltext Intertidal Marine Life As A Source of Food In Semporna District, Sabah
    Malays J Nutr, 1995;1(2):-.
    MyJurnal
    Research performed in four fishing villages in the district of Semporna, Sabah revealed a total 55 species of intertidal marine organisms were being utilized as source of food. Specimens were collected during low tides by accompanying the local people. The villages involved were Kg. Panjl, Kg. Bangau-Bangau (a resettlement area for the Sea Bajaus), Kg. Air and Kg. Kebimbangan. Idenfication of species was based on illustration described in texts as well as comparing with the collections in local muziums. Local name for each species was obtained from the population living within the vicinity of coastal areas. The total number of species collected, however, differed among the villages. Chemical analysis based on A.O.A.C of several species indicated variations in nutritive values and trace metals as well as lead content.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  15. Fulltext Anthropometric Measurements and Body Composition of English and Malaysian Footballers
    Malays J Nutr, 1999;5(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    This comparative study was conducted to determine the anthropometric measurements and body composition of football teams in the UK and Malaysia. A total of 32 footballers from two teams were studied. The teams were the St Mary’s University team (UK) and the Selangor Reserved League team. The height and body weight of the subjects were measured using SECA digital balance with height attachment. Skinfold thickness measurements were taken using Harpenden skinfold callipers at four sites (biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac) and the VO2 max of the subjects was estimated by participation in a multi-stage 20m shuttle-run test. The UK team were significantly heavier (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  16. Fulltext Prevalence of malnutrition among hospitalised adult cancer patients at the National Cancer Institute, Putrajaya, Malaysia
    Norshariza, J., Neoh, M.K., Betti, Sharina M.H.L., Aeininhayatey, A., Siti Farrah Zaidah, M.Y., Aini Zaharah, A.J., et al.
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(2):161-174.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Malnutrition in cancer patients affects the quality of life (QoL) of the patients and brings about adverse outcomes including morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among cancer patients at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Putrajaya.
    Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 97 respondents who were admitted to the NCI between August 2014 and January 2015. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, anthropometric measurements, dietary intake and biochemical data were obtained. The Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) was used to identify malnutrition risk, while the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) determined patients’ nutritional status.
    Results: Approximately 61.9% and 43.5% of the patients were malnourished upon admission based on the MST and SGA scores, respectively. Four most common types of cancer among the malnourished patients were nasopharyngeal (NPC), lung, breast and colorectal cancer. About 56.9% and 21.6% of the malnourished patients, according to MST, were at Stage 4 and Stage 3 cancer, respectively. Meanwhile 69.7% of the malnourished respondents, based on SGA, were at Stage 4 cancer. Mean energy intake was 1463±577 kcal and protein intake was 54±22 g proteins.
    Conclusion: Prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalised cancer patients in the NCI was high, depending on age, body mass index (BMI), tumour location and cancer stage. Early identification of malnutrition status is required for proper nutritional intervention.
    Study site: National Cancer Institute (NCI) in Putrajaya, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  17. Fulltext Food choices among Malaysian adults: Findings from Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS) 2003 and MANS 2014
    Mohamad Kasim N, Ahmad MH, Shaharudin AB, Naidu BM, Chan YY, Aris T
    Malays J Nutr, 2018;24(1):63-75.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Changes in dietary habits are known to be associated with changes in health outcomes. This study determined food choices among Malaysian adults using secondary data of the Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS) in 2003 and MANS in 2014.
    Methods: A total of 6,742 and 3,000 adults aged 18 to 59 years participated in MANS 2003 and MANS 2014, respectively. Both studies used a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess habitual food intake.
    Results: Overall, the prevalence of adults consuming rice twice daily were 97.3% and 86.9% in 2003 and 2014, respectively. While the percentage of urban dwellers who consumed rice daily differed significantly between 2003 (96.7%) and 2014 (86.9%), the percentage remained quite similar among rural adults in 2003 (97.8%) and 2014 (96.3%). Other top ten food items consumed daily were sugar (2003, 58.5% vs 2014, 55.9%), marine fish (40.8% vs 29.4%), green leafy vegetables (39.9% vs 43.2%) and sweetened condensed milk (35.2% vs 29.3%). In both surveys, a higher percentage of men consumed rice, sugar and sweetened condensed milk on a daily basis compared to women, a higher proportion of whom daily consumed green leafy vegetables and marine fish. Majority of the adults reported drinking plain water daily. Other beverages taken daily were tea, coffee and chocolate-malt drinks.
    Conclusion: Rice, sugar and sweetened condensed milk were among the top food items consumed daily in 2003 and 2014. Educational efforts to improve dietary intake of Malaysian adults is recommended.
    Study name: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2003); Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2014)
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  18. Fulltext Digital learning in medical education: comparing experiences of Malaysian and Japanese students
    Jun Xin L, Ahmad Hathim AA, Jing Yi N, Reiko A, Noor Akmal Shareela I
    BMC Med Educ, 2021 Aug 04;21(1):418.
    PMID: 34344388 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02855-w
    BACKGROUND: Medical education has undergone a transformation from conventional to digital learning, enabling learning without any time and place restrictions. Nevertheless, the actual trends of usage and its impact on learning motivation among medical students between developed and developing nations are yet to be investigated. Hence, this study compares the effect of digital learning on learning motivation among Malaysian and Japanese medical students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and Shiga University of Medical Science (SUMS) respectively.

    METHODS: A modified Students Motivation towards Science Learning (SMTSL) was used to assess the digital learning usage and learning motivation among 150 UKM and 147 SUMS medical students throughout Year 1 to 5.

    RESULTS: The frequency of digital learning usage and learning motivation among UKM medical students was significantly higher as compared to SUMS (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  19. Fulltext Species and Size Composition of Seahorses (Genus Hippocampus, Family Syngnathidae) in the Coastal Waters and Local Market of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
    Shapawi R, Anyie AL, Hussien MA, Zuldin WH
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2015 Dec;26(2):1-13.
    PMID: 26868706 MyJurnal
    Seahorse diversity (genus Hippocampus, Family Syngnathidae), species identification, size composition and sexual dimorphism were studied from November 2012 to March 2013 in selected coastal waters around Kota Kinabalu, Sabah and the local market trade. Six species of seahorses were identified in the study: (1) Hippocampus barbouri, (2) Hippocampus comes, (3) Hippocampus kelloggi, (4) Hippocampus kuda, (5) Hippocampus spinosissimus and (6) Hippocampus trimaculatus. All six species were sold at the local market, and the dried seahorses were obtained mainly by local fishermen using trawl by-catch method and traded as traditional medicine, souvenirs and other uses. Four species were identified by direct samplings in various different habitats of Kota Kinabalu coastal waters: (1) H. barbouri, (2) H. comes, (3) H. kuda, and (4) H. spinosissimus. Based on the results, H. comes was the largest in size among the four fresh/live species found (mean standard length [SL]: 148.25±1.26 mm), whereas H. barbouri was the smallest species (mean SL: 129±7.81 mm). For the dried samples, H. kelloggi was the largest (mean SL: 245.25±14.55 mm) and H. barbouri was the smallest (mean SL: 127.21±10.01 mm). No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between the lengths of males and females in every seahorse species, and there was no sexual size dimorphism in any of the species. The findings from the study are significant to provide baseline data for the conservation efforts of these unique marine teleost.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  20. Redescription of Chironomus javanus and Chironomus kiiensis (Diptera: Chironomidae) Larvae and Adults Collected from a Rice Field in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
    Al-Shami SA, Rawi CS, Ahmad AH, Nor SA
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2012 May;23(1):77-86.
    PMID: 24575227
    Chironomus javanus (Kieffer) and Chironomus kiiensis Tokunaga were redescribed from materials collected from a rice field in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. The larvae can only be distinguished after careful preparation and examination using a compound microscope, but the pupae were not useful to differentiate C. javanus from C. kiiensis. The adult specimens showed clear body and wing characteristics for rapid and accurate identification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
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