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Sleep characteristics of young children in Japan: internet study and comparison with other Asian countries

Kohyama J, Mindell JA, Sadeh A

Pediatr Int, 2011 Oct;53(5):649-655.
PMID: 21199167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2010.03318.x

BACKGROUND: A recent international Internet-based study of young children (birth to 36 months) found that total sleep duration in Japan was the shortest among 17 countries/regions. The present study compared features of children's sleep in Japan relative to those in other Asian countries/regions.
METHODS: Parents of 872 infants and toddlers in Japan (48.6% boys), and parents of 20 455 infants and toddlers in 11 other Asian countries/regions (48.1% boys; China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam) completed an Internet-based expanded version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire.
RESULTS: Young children in Japan exhibited significantly fewer nocturnal wakings and shorter daytime sleep in comparison with other Asian countries/regions. Although the former finding was apparent in all age groups, the reduced duration of daytime sleep in Japan was not present until after 3 months of age. Interestingly, sleep problems were reported by significantly fewer parents in Japan compared with those in other Asian countries/regions, although parents in Japan reported significantly more difficulty at bedtime.
CONCLUSIONS: The short sleep duration of young children in Japan is largely due to a relatively short duration of daytime sleep. Significant differences in sleep characteristics in Japan relative to other Asian regions were found primarily after 3 months of age. Future studies should further explore the underlying causes and the potential impacts of these sleep differences.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Explicit constructivism: a missing link in ineffective lectures?

Prakash ES

Adv Physiol Educ, 2010 Jun;34(2):93-6.
PMID: 20522904 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00025.2010

This study tested the possibility that interactive lectures explicitly based on activating learners' prior knowledge and driven by a series of logical questions might enhance the effectiveness of lectures. A class of 54 students doing the respiratory system course in the second year of the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery program in my university was randomized to two groups to receive one of two types of lectures, "typical" lectures (n = 28, 18 women and 10 men) or "constructivist" lectures (n = 26, 19 women and 7 men), on the same topic: the regulation of respiration. Student pretest scores in the two groups were comparable (P > 0.1). Students that received the constructivist lectures did much better in the posttest conducted immediately after the lectures (6.8 +/- 3.4 for constructivist lectures vs. 4.2 +/- 2.3 for typical lectures, means +/- SD, P = 0.004). Although both types of lectures were well received, students that received the constructivist lectures appeared to have been more satisfied with their learning experience. However, on a posttest conducted 4 mo later, scores obtained by students in the two groups were not any different (6.9 +/- 3 for constructivist lectures vs. 6.9 +/- 3.7 for typical lectures, P = 0.94). This study adds to the increasing body of evidence that there is a case for the use of interactive lectures that make the construction of knowledge and understanding explicit, easy, and enjoyable to learners.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Deep penetrating nevus: a distinct variant of melanocytic nevus

Gupta A, Srilatha PS, Suvarna N, Rao L

Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 2011 Jan-Mar;54(1):156-7.
PMID: 21393904 DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.77384

Deep penetrating nevus (DPN) is a variant of melanocytic nevus which goes unrecognized due to its relative rarity and may be misinterpreted as malignant melanoma. It commonly presents in young adults as a dark pigmented lesion on the face, neck, or shoulder. A 60-year-old lady presented with a mole over the left arm of 8 years duration. A biopsy of the lesion was performed under the clinical impression of a compound nevus with suspicion of malignancy. Based on the histologic features, a diagnosis of DPN was put forward.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Human Plasmodium knowlesi infections in Klang Valley, Peninsula Malaysia: a case series

Lee CE, Adeeba K, Freigang G

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):63-5.
PMID: 21265252

We report seven cases of naturally acquired human Plasmodium knowlesi infections which were admitted to our centre from July 2007 till June 2008. Diagnosis was confirmed by nested PCR. Cases of P. knowlesi infections, dubbed the fifth type of human malaria, have been reported in East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) as well as in the state of Pahang in Peninsula Malaysia. These seven patients appear to be the first few reported cases of P. knowlesi infection in the Klang valley, Peninsula Malaysia. We then discuss the characteristics of human P. knowlesi infections, which include its natural hosts, responsible vectors, clinical presentation, and the treatment of such infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Sleep position and infant care practices in an urban community in Kuala Lumpur

Lope RJ, Kong WK, Lee VW, Tiew WT, Wong SY

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):45-8.
PMID: 21265248 MyJurnal

Several modifiable risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have been identified such as sleeping prone or on the side, sleeping on a soft surface, bed-sharing, no prenatal care and maternal ante-natal smoking. A cross-sectional survey of infant sleep and care practices was conducted among parents of babies aged below 8 months to determine the prevalence and predictors of non-supine sleep position and the prevalence of other high-risk infant care practices for SIDS. Of 263 infants, 24.7% were placed to sleep in the non-supine position and age of infants was a factor positively associated with this (adjusted odds ratio 1.275, 95% CI=1.085, 1.499). The most common modifiable risk factor was the presence of soft toys or bedding in the infants' bed or cot (89.4%). Results from this study indicate that although the predominant sleep position of Malaysian infants in this population is supine, the majority of infants were exposed to other care practices which have been shown to be associated with SIDS.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Knowledge and attitude of university students in health sciences on the prevention of cervical cancer

Tan YY, Hesham R, Qodriyah HM

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):53-7.
PMID: 21265250 MyJurnal

Cervical cancer is the second most common female cancer after breast cancer both in Malaysia and worldwide although it can be mostly prevented. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge level and attitude of University Kebangsaan Malaysia female students in the Faculties of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences on the prevention of cervical cancer. A total of 675 respondents were recruited for this cross-sectional study involving pre-tested questionnaires. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0. There was significant association between grade and mean score of knowledge with different faculties and year of education (p<0.05). However, significant association was shown only between grade of knowledge with different programs in the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences. For mean score of knowledge, significant difference only existed among different races (p<0.05). Mass media was the most common source of information. In conclusion, the knowledge level of respondents on cervical cancer and its prevention was not satisfactory despite their positive attitude on prevention. Thus, more awareness programs should be conducted in University campuses to provide students with knowledge on prevention of cervical cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext A rare case of incarcerated bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia in a pregnant lady

Islah MA, Jiffre D

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):75-6.
PMID: 21265257 MyJurnal

The occurrence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a pregnant adult is rare. In contrast to neonatal diaphragmatic hernias, most of the adult patients present with vague gastrointestinal symptoms mimicking other diseases hence the importance of high index of suspicion. We report a case of a young pregnant lady with congenital diaphragmatic hernia presenting with symptoms and clinical signs suggestive of acute pancreatitis. The patient had a laparotomy performed to reduce the hernial content and the diaphragmatic defect was successfully repaired.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Reliability and validity of the Brief COPE Scale (English version) among women with breast cancer undergoing treatment of adjuvant chemotherapy: a Malaysian study

Yusoff N, Low WY, Yip CH

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):41-4.
PMID: 21265247 MyJurnal

This paper validates the Brief COPE Scale in Malaysian women with breast cancer. Test-retest evaluation was undertaken at two/three weeks and ten weeks following surgery. Internal consistencies ranged from 0.25 to 1.00. Meanwhile, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.05 to 1.00. Sensitivity of the scale was indicated by the mean differences as observed in most of the domains with Effect Size Index (ESI) ranged from 0 to 0.53. Significant differences between mastectomy and lumpectomy were observed for Active coping, Planning and Acceptance. Brief COPE Scale showed fairly good reliability and validity.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Serum uric acid levels and its association with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)

Subramani S, Khor SE, Livingstone BI, Kulkarni UV

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):36-40.
PMID: 21265246 MyJurnal

To investigate the possible association between serum uric acid levels, serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). A total 232 patients of the eye department at Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia were recruited over 9 weeks. Participants were divided into ARMD (Non-Neovascular ARMD, and Neovascular ARMD) and control groups. 107 participants with non-neovascular ARMD, 6 with neovascular ARMD, and 119 controls participated in the study. The control patients had a similar average Serum Uric Acid level to the average of all patients with ARMD (P = 0.617).

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Submandibular intraductal calculi removal as an office procedure with radiofrequency device

Revadi G, Rahmat O, Shailendra S

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):80-2.
PMID: 21265259 MyJurnal

Salivary duct obstruction secondary to calculi is a common disorder of the submandibular gland and often manifesting as painful episodic swelling of the gland during meals. Complications may arise in unresolved obstruction leading to infections, abscess formation and a hypofunctioning gland. Treatment of this disorder has evolved from the traditional sialadenectomy to organ preserving procedures done under general or local anaesthesia. Our technique using Ellman Surgitron radiofrequency device, is another alternative technique for transoral removal of extraglandular calculi. It is a simple, quick an easy technique to learn that can be done in the office setting under local anaesthesia.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext A comparison of morbidity patterns in public and private primary care clinics in malaysia

Mimi O, Tong SF, Nordin S, Teng CL, Khoo EM, Abdul-Rahman A, et al.

Malays Fam Physician, 2011;6(1):19-25.
PMID: 25606215 MyJurnal

OBJECTIVES: To compare the morbidity patterns in public and private primary care clinics; determine patients' reasons for encounter (RFE) and diagnoses using the ICPC-2, and compare ten commonest diagnoses and RFEs.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study on randomly selected clinics was conducted nationwide. Doctors completed the Patient Encounter Record (PER) for systematically selected encounters for a week.
RESULTS: Response rate was 82.0% (public clinic) and 33% (private clinic) with 4262 encounters and 7280 RFE. Overall, the three commonest disease categories encountered were respiratory (37.2%), general and unspecified (29.5%), and cardiovascular diseases (22.2%). Public and private clinics handled 27% versus 50% acute cases and 20.0% versus 3.1% chronic cases i.e. 33.7 and 5.6 chronic diseases per 100 RFE respectively.
CONCLUSION: Doctors in public clinics saw more chronic and complex diseases as well as pregnancy related complaints and follow-up cases while in private clinics more acute and minor illnesses were seen. Health services should be integrated and support given to co-manage chronic diseases in both sectors.
KEYWORDS: Malaysia; Primary practice; delivery of health care; morbidity pattern; reasons for encounter

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Gene expression profiling and cancer-related pathways in type I endometrial carcinoma

Saghir FS, Rose IM, Dali AZ, Shamsuddin Z, Jamal AR, Mokhtar NM

Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 2010 Jul;20(5):724-31.
PMID: 20973258

INTRODUCTION: Malignant transformation of type I endometrium involves alteration in gene expression with subsequent uncontrolled proliferation of altered cells.
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the present study was to identify the cancer-related genes and gene pathways in the endometrium of healthy and cancer patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty endometrial tissues from healthy and type I EC patients were subjected to total RNA isolation. The RNA samples with good integrity number were hybridized to a new version of Affymetrix Human Genome GeneChip 1.0 ST array. We analyzed the results using the GeneSpring 9.0 GX and the Pathway Studio 6.1 software. For validation assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze 4 selected genes in normal and EC tissue.
RESULTS: Of the 28,869 genes profiled, we identified 621 differentially expressed genes (2-fold) in the normal tissue and the tumor. Among these genes, 146 were up-regulated and 476 were down-regulated in the tumor as compared with the normal tissue (P < 0.001). Up-regulated genes included the v-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 (ErbB3), ErbB4, E74-like factor 3 (ELF3), and chemokine ligand 17 (CXCL17). The down-regulated genes included signal transducer and activator transcription 5B (STAT5b), transforming growth factor A receptor III (TGFA3), caveolin 1 (CAV1), and protein kinase C alpha (PKCA). The gene set enrichment analysis showed 10 significant gene sets with related genes (P < 0.05). The quantitative polymerase chain reaction of 4 selected genes using similar RNA confirmed the microarray results (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Identification of molecular pathways with their genes related to type I EC contribute to the understanding of pathophysiology of this cancer, probably leading to identifying potential biomarkers of the cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Improving capacity for evidence-based practice in South East Asia: evaluating the role of research fellowships in the SEA-ORCHID Project

Short J, McDonald S, Turner T, Martis R, SEA-ORCHID Study Group

BMC Med Educ, 2010;10:37.
PMID: 20492706 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-10-37

Fellowships are a component of many professional education programs. They provide opportunities to develop skills and competencies in an environment where time is protected and resources and technical support are more readily available. The SEA-ORCHID fellowships program aimed to increase capacity for evidence-based practice and research synthesis, and to encourage fellows to become leaders in these areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
A critical review of the nursing shortage in Malaysia

Barnett T, Namasivayam P, Narudin DA

Int Nurs Rev, 2010 Mar;57(1):32-9.
PMID: 20487472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2009.00784.x

This paper describes and critically reviews steps taken to address the nursing workforce shortage in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext A comparison of responses to alcohol expectancy questionnaire (CEOA) of Indian and Malaysian medical students

Ganaraja B, Ramesh BM, Kotian MS

Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2010;54(3):265-70.
PMID: 21409864

Alcohol addiction is a social problem faced by every country worldwide. Young people are more at risk of this menace. In spite of a clear knowledge and message about the effects of alcohol on individual health and social fabric, it is hard to curb the overuse of this beverage. In the present study, we compared the outcome of a survey using Comprehensive effects of Alcohol (CEOA) in two private Medical institutions in two Asian countries, viz. KMC, Mangalore, India (n=180) and AIMST, Kedah, Malaysia (n=170). The study included both males and female students. The result suggested that the negative reinforcement responses were rated higher in both the study groups. But those who have tasted alcohol before had a higher rating that alcohol may cause positive reinforcement. Both groups of respondents showed similar trend suggesting that the alcohol expectancies are similar in Indian students and Malaysian students. From the results we could conclude that the responses of the two sample groups were comparable to each other. While the male respondents were inclined show higher affinity towards acceptance of alcohol females are very much less so. However, the respondents of both groups appeared to be well aware of the negative aspects of alcohol. Importantly previous exposure to alcohol intake dramatically changed the perception and showed increased inclination towards alcoholism. This study thus provides an important clue to the clinician, counselors and parents regarding the importance of guiding the young people about the alcoholism.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Patrescence in Southern Thailand: cosmological and social dimensions of fatherhood among the Malay-Muslims

Merli C

Cult Health Sex, 2011 Dec;13 Suppl 2:S235-48.
PMID: 21409659 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2011.558592

This paper examines fatherhood among the Malay Muslims of Southern Thailand (representing a minority at the national level, but constituting the majority population in the region). Traditional practices related to birth and the postpartum period are upheld as a marker of ethnic and religious identity by such groups. Building on the concept of patrescence as 'becoming a father', proposed by Dana Raphael, the data presented show how the process of assuming fatherhood develops during pregnancy and continues after birth through a series of ritual practices in which a man contributes to female postpartum practices. The medicalisation of birth in synergy with recent literalist interpretations of Islam has impacted on these practices, making it difficult to comply with the ritual burial of the afterbirth, which constitutes the cosmological and physical anchoring of individual and ethnic identity to the soil.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Enzymatic and microstructural changes in the liver of experimental rats fed with fatty diet and fresh or heated soy oil concurrently

Jaarin K, Hwa TC, Umar NA, Siti Aishah MA, Das S

Clin Ter, 2010;161(5):429-33.
PMID: 21057734

Consumption of heated edible oils may be harmful. The present study aimed to observe the histological changes due to concurrent consumption of soy oil (either fresh or heated) and fatty diet and the changes in the level of alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).

Matched MeSH terms: Female
A cross-sectional validation study of EQ-5D among the Malaysian adult population

Shafie AA, Hassali MA, Liau SY

Qual Life Res, 2011 May;20(4):593-600.
PMID: 21046257 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-010-9774-6

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the construct validity of the EQ-5D instrument among the Malaysian population.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among Malaysian adults in three northern states of Malaysia. A pre-developed questionnaire consisting of both the EQ-5D and SF-12 items was used for data collection. Concurrent, convergent, and known group validity of EQ-5D were assessed against SF-12 and several known relationships with participants' demographic and illness characteristics.
RESULTS: A total of 596 Malaysians participated in the study. The mean EQ-5D score was 0.93 (SD = 0.13), while the mean physical component score (PCS-12) and mental component score (MCS-12) scores were 48.9 (SD = 7.4) and 49.1 (SD = 8.0), respectively. Participants with a current medical problem had lower PCS-12 and MCS-12 scores and reported more problems with all of the EQ-5D dimensions; they also had lower EQ-5D and EQ-VAS scores (P < 0.05). Convergent validity was supported by a moderately positive correlation between EQ-5D and EQ-VAS with MCS-12 and PCS-12 scores; moreover, the stronger effect sizes between PCS-12 and the physical dimensions of EQ-5D as well as between MCS-12 with anxiety/depression scores further supported the convergent validity of EQ-5D. Responses to the EQ-5D dimensions only supported two of the four known group validity hypotheses of higher quality of life among individuals who are better educated and no medical problem. No association was found between income and gender with EQ-5D score.
CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated acceptable construct validity of the EQ-5D among the Malaysian population.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Successful free omental flap and skin graft reconstruction of scalp avulsion injury

Ramzisham AR, Somasundaram S, Nasir ZM, Ali F, Das S

Clin Ter, 2010;161(5):453-5.
PMID: 20949243

For the management of a full-thickness scalp avulsion injury, thorough wound debridement and immediate primary revascularization or a split-thickness skin graft may be necessary. Graft failure may be common situation thereby predisposing the individuals to unnecessary multiple operations. In the recent times, the use of omental graft has gained much popularity. In the present study, we describe an interesting case of chronic non healing scalp ulcer in a young woman who eventually underwent a free omental flap reconstruction with split-thickness skin graft and had satisfactory outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis in Malaysian patients--a report of five cases

Lee WS, Chai PF, Looi LM

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Sep;64(3):216-9.
PMID: 20527271

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is characterized by early onset cholestasis, progressive liver cirrhosis, pruritus, poor growth and inexorable progression to liver cirrhosis in early childhood. The serum level of gamma-glutamyl transferase is low or normal, which is discordant with severe cholestasis. Five Malaysian patients with PFIC, who all had typical features of PFIC with early onset of severe and progressive cholestasis, pruritus, cirrhosis and liver failure, were described. Three patients died as a result of the disease, while another one died due to post-liver transplant complication. The only survivor has compensated liver cirrhosis. Patients with severe cholestasis but has spuriously low yGT should be suspected of having PFIC. Liver transplant, which is life-saving in a majority of patients with PFIC, should be considered in all patients with PFIC.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

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