Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 50 in total

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  1. N,N-dimethylhexadecyl carboxymethyl chitosan as a potential carrier agent for rotenone
    Kamari A, Aljafree NF, Yusoff SN
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2016 Jul;88:263-72.
    PMID: 27041651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.071
    In this study, an amphiphilic chitosan derivative namely N,N-dimethylhexadecyl carboxymethyl chitosan (DCMC) was synthesised and applied for the first time as a carrier agent for rotenone. The physical and chemical properties of DCMC were characterised by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer ((1)H NMR), CHN-O Elemental Analyser, Thermogravimetric Analyser (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). DCMC was soluble in acidic (except pH 4), neutral and basic media with percent of transmittance (%T) values ranged from 67.2 to 99.4%. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined as 0.095mg/mL. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed that DCMC has formed self-aggregates and exhibited spherical shape with the size of 65.5-137.0nm. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of DCMC micelles with different weight ratios (DCMC:rotenone; 5:1, 50:1 and 100:1) were determined by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The weight ratio of 100:1 gave the best EE with the value of more than 95.0%. DCMC micelles performed an excellent ability to control the release of rotenone, of which 99.0% of rotenone was released within 48h. Overall, DCMC has several key features to be an effective carrier agent for pesticide formulations.
  2. Fulltext Blood Transfusion Knowledge among Nurses in Malaysia: A University Hospital Experience
    Mohd Noor NH, Saad NH, Khan M, Hassan MN, Ramli M, Bahar R, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 10 25;18(21).
    PMID: 34769712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111194
    Blood transfusion is a fundamental and life-saving procedure where the consequence of errors can be fatal. Nurses' knowledge plays an essential role in ensuring quality and safety in blood transfusion. The objective of this study was to assess blood transfusion-associated knowledge of tertiary hospital nurses on the east coast of Malaysia. This was a cross-sectional study with 200 registered nurses involved in blood transfusion procedures at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. The knowledge of the nurses was evaluated by using the routine blood transfusion knowledge questionnaire based on five parts, and <50%, 50-74%, or ≥75% of the knowledge was considered as poor, moderate, or high, respectively. Based on the scoring system, the overall knowledge of blood transfusion among Malaysian nurses (33.2 ± 8.4 years) was estimated to be 54.9 ± 7.6%. In individual items, the scoring was 81.0%, 45.4%, 49.2%, 63.0%, and 90.0% in knowledge prior to blood transfusion, on pre-transfusion, on post-transfusion, on complications, and on transfusion policy, respectively. The findings of this study indicated that most of the nurses' overall knowledge of blood transfusion was at a moderate level; therefore, training courses and continuous medical education are warranted to improve knowledge and skills of the nurses to ensure good practices of blood transfusion.
  3. Conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis for the detection of calreticulin mutations in BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
    Zakaria NA, Rosle NA, Siti Asmaa MJ, Aziee S, Haiyuni MY, Samat NA, et al.
    Int J Lab Hematol, 2021 Dec;43(6):1451-1457.
    PMID: 34125992 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13628
    INTRODUCTION: Calreticulin (CALR) mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) have been reported to be key markers in the molecular diagnosis, particularly in patients lacking JAK2 V617F mutation. In most current reports, CALR mutations were analysed by either allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR), or the more expensive quantitative real-time PCR, pyrosequencing and next-generation sequencing. Hence, we report the use of an alternative method, the conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) for the detection of CALR mutations in BCR-ABL1-negative MPN patients.

    METHODS: Forty BCR-ABL1-negative MPN patients' DNA: 19 polycythemia vera (PV), 7 essential thrombocytosis (ET) and 14 primary myelofibrosis (PMF), were screened for CALR mutations by CSGE. PCR primers were designed to amplify sequences spanning between exons 8 and 9 to target the mutation hotspots in CALR. Amplicons displaying abnormal CSGE profiles by electrophoresis were directly sequenced, and results were analysed by BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor v7.2.6. CSGE results were compared with AS-PCR and confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

    RESULTS: CSGE identified 4 types of mutations; 2 PMF patients with either CALR type 1 (c.1099_1150del52) or type 2 (c.1155_1156insTTGTC), 1 ET patient with nucleotide deletion (c.1121delA) and insertion (c.1190insA) and 1 PV patient with p.K368del (c.1102_1104delAAG) and insertion (c.1135insA) inframe mutations. Three patients have an altered KDEL motif at the C-terminal of CALR protein. In comparison, AS-PCR only able to detect two PMF patients with mutations, either type 1 and type 2.

    CONCLUSION: CSGE is inexpensive, sensitive and reliable alternative method for the detection of CALR mutations in BCR-ABL1-negative MPN patients.

  4. Fulltext A minireview of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among Malaysian populations
    Rosdi R.A., Yusoff S., Mohd Yusoff N., Ismail R., Tan, C.S., Musa N.
    Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2017;2(1):47-52.
    MyJurnal
    It has been recognized extensively that studies of pharmacogenetics provide massive examples of causal relationship between genotypes and drug effectiveness to account for interindividual phenotypic variations in drug therapy. In most cases, cytochrome P450 (CYP) polymorphisms are one of the major variables that affecting those drug plasma concentration, drug detoxification and drug activation in humans. Thus, understanding of CYP polymorphisms can be crucially valuable in order to allow early and more accurate drug dosage prediction and improve the drug response accordingly. Despite the high level of homologous amino acid sequences, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genes are among the most important CYP genes which metabolize a wide range of clinically therapeutic drugs. Several critical reviews have been published relating to the aforementioned genes. However, this minireview aims to systematically merge reported studies on the SNPs frequencies of both genes concentrating only on Malaysian population. It is hoped that, the minireview can be an opener for new opportunities to reevaluate the evidence on the prevalence of CYP2C genes as a potential genetic factor influencing a particular drug efficacy and safety among Malaysian. Such evaluation can be developed to the next level of early prediction of better and specific drug treatment, thereby improving the drug response while helping the government in minimising the drug expenditures.
  5. Loneliness as a risk factor for hypertension in later life
    Momtaz YA, Hamid TA, Yusoff S, Ibrahim R, Chai ST, Yahaya N, et al.
    J Aging Health, 2012 Jun;24(4):696-710.
    PMID: 22422758 DOI: 10.1177/0898264311431305
    The present study aims to determine the impact of loneliness on hypertension in later life.
  6. Dexamethasone-induced stress exacerbates shedding, tissue antigen distribution, and pathology of caprine Brucellosis
    Tanko P, Mohd Yusoff S, Emikpe BO, Onilude OM, Abdullateef A
    J Immunoassay Immunochem, 2021 May 04;42(3):265-284.
    PMID: 33577382 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1862862
    This study investigated dexamethasone-treatment, shedding routes, tissue antigen distribution, and pathology of caprine Brucellosis. Eighteen non-pregnant goats were randomly grouped into A, B, and C. Group A was administered dexamethasone for 7 days at 2 mg/kg before inoculating 0.5 mL B. melitensis at 107 CFU ocularly while group B was inoculated 0.5 mL B. melitensis only, and C as control negative. Blood samples, ocular, nasal, and vaginal swabs were obtained for evaluation. Three goats were sacrificed from each group at days 21 and 42 post-inoculation (pi) and selected tissues collected for PCR, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Brucella melitensis was detected in the ocular swabs of group A significantly higher than group B. Shedding was prolonged in group A compared to B. The overall shedding was 22.2% in group A and 9.4% in group B. The uterus of both groups A and B revealed mild inflammation and microgranuloma, extensive necrotic lesions in lymph nodes. Liver showed multifocal necrosis predominantly in group A. Lesion scoring showed significantly higher scores in A compared to B. Strong immunostaining was observed in the liver, lungs, and spleen, predominantly at day 21 pi. This study demonstrated dexamethasone prolonged shedding, tissue antigen distribution, and pathology in dexamethasone-treated goats.
  7. Effects of resveratrol on shedding and pathological dynamics in experimental B. melitensis infection in dexamethasone-treated nonpregnant Boer goats
    Tanko PN, Mohd Yusoff S, Emikpe BO, Bejo SK, Salisi S
    J Immunoassay Immunochem, 2019;40(4):419-438.
    PMID: 31154897 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2019.1620766
    Brucellosis constitutes an infectious re-emerging zoonosis. Spread of diseases could be exacerbated by stress-induced immunosuppression. This study evaluated relationship between Brucella melitensis infection, shedding dynamics, dexamethasone-induced stress, pathological alterations and resveratrol ameliorative effects in goats. Twelve nonpregnant goats were divided into four groups A, B, C, and D of three animals each. Groups A and B were administered 107 CFU/mL of B. melitensis ocularly, 21 days prior to 7 days consecutive administration of dexamethasone (2 mg/kg). Group A was further administered resveratrol (5 mg/kg) intravenously for 5 consecutive days from day 31 post B. melitensis inoculation. Group C was administered similar dose of B. melitensis while group D was inoculated normal saline. Blood, nasal, ocular, and vaginal swabs were collected at intervals for analysis. The does were sacrificed at day 42 post inoculation (pi). Tissues were collected for tissue bacterial load determination, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Dexamethasone administration from day 21 pi increased the frequency in the shedding dynamics, tissue bacterial load, pathological alterations (frequency of microgranuloma and intensity of immunostaining) in group B while 5 days treatment with resveratrol following dexamethasone administration significantly reduced tissue bacterial load, decline in shedding dynamics, and ameliorate damage by dexamethasone administration/B. melitensis infection.
  8. Development and application of dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent (dot-ELISA) assay for detection of Brucella melitensis and evaluation of the shedding pattern in infected goats
    Onilude OM, Mohd Yusoff S, Emikpe BO, Tanko P, Shahrom SM, Effendy M
    J Immunoassay Immunochem, 2017;38(1):82-99.
    PMID: 27494045 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1220395
    Early and accurate diagnosis of Brucella melitensis is essential for the treatment and control of brucellosis both in animals and humans. The thrust for the development of a rapid diagnostic technique to overcome the limitations of conventional microbiological and serological tests brought about this investigation on the development and application of dot-ELISA for antigen and antibody detection in infected goats. Fifteen apparently healthy Boer aged 2-3 years which tested negative for brucellosis using PCR and ELISA, were grouped into A (10 goats infected intraocularly with 10(7) CFU of B. melitensis) and B (5 goats) as control. Discharges (ocular, nasal, and vaginal) and blood were collected at days 3, 7, 10, 14, weekly until 42 post-infection (pi) for dot-ELISA, PCR, and RBPT. Dot-ELISA detected B. melitensis antigen and antibody in group A at day 3 and 7 pi, respectively with adequate sensitivity and specificity relative to PCR and RBPT. The bacteria shedding detected from discharges at day 3 pi in the nasal and ocular route with dot-ELISA. Group B were consistently negative. Values such as speed, simplicity, field adaptability, high sensitivity, and specificity make dot-ELISA a rapid and adequate technique for diagnosis of brucellosis in B. melitensis infected goats within few hours.
  9. Benefits of clean development mechanism application on the life cycle assessment perspective: a case study in the palm oil industry
    Chuen OC, Yusoff S
    J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 2012 Mar;62(3):299-306.
    PMID: 22482288
    This study performed an assessment on the beneficial of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) application on waste treatment system in a local palm oil industry in Malaysia. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to assess the environmental impacts of the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction from the CDM application. Calculations on the emission reduction used the methodology based on AM002 (Avoided Wastewater and On-site Energy Use Emissions in the Industrial Sector) Version 4 published by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC). The results from the studies showed that the introduction of CDM in the palm oil mill through conversion of the captured biogas from palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment into power generation were able to reduce approximate 0.12 tonnes CO2 equivalent concentration (tCO2e) emission and 30 kW x hr power generation per 1 tonne of fresh fruit bunch processed. Thus, the application of CDM methodology on palm oil mill wastewater treatment was able to reduce up to 1/4 of the overall environment impact generated in palm oil mill.
  10. A Rare Case of an Infant with Left Hemiparesis: A Case Report of Bilateral Open-lip Schizencephaly
    Siti BC, Zulkifli MM, Mohd Yusoff SS, Muhamad R, Ahmad TM
    Malays Fam Physician, 2020;15(3):90-94.
    PMID: 33329869
    Schizencephaly is a very rare congenital birth defect. It is characterized by a cortical brain malformation that manifests as a grey-matter-lined cleft extending from the ependyma to the pia mater. It is a rare condition, and few cases have been reported in the literature. The exact cause is unknown. Herein, we report a case of an infant presenting with left side hemiparesis. The CT scan of her brain revealed right fronto-temporal and left parieto-temporal open-lip schizencephaly; thus, urgent referral to a pediatric neurologist was made for early intervention.
  11. Fulltext Young Lady with Bilateral Yellowish Lesions on Her Eyelids
    Ishak A, Mohd Yusoff SS, Wan Abdullah W
    Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(3):44-46.
    PMID: 30800235 MyJurnal
    A 26-year-old woman with an unknown medical illness presented with yellowish skin lesions around both eyes, visible for the past 4 years. The lesions were neither itchy nor tender and had increased gradually in size. She had neither constitutional nor hyperthyroidism symptoms. She is the youngest out of four siblings, and none of her family members have cardiovascular disease or similar problems. Upon examination, there were bilateral yellowish plaques over the periorbital region. Her body mass index (BMI) was 23.8 kg/m2. Her vital signs were all normal at every visit.
  12. Fulltext An association of myasthenia gravis with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in a patient with a multinodular goitre
    Mohamed N, Mohd Zin F, Mohd Yusoff SS
    Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(2):29-31.
    PMID: 29423128
    Introduction: The association of myasthenia gravis (MG) with other autoimmune diseases including autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) is well recognised, although rare. The occurrence of both diseases can occur in two ways: either disease preceding the other, or concurrently. The presentation of MG in association with ATD can range from ocular to generalised disease.

    Case Summary: A 26-year-old Malay female with persistent hyperthyroidism secondary to Hashimoto's thyroiditis in multinodular goitre was diagnosed with generalised MG after 2 years. She presented with right eye ptosis (ocular) and difficulty in swallowing and chewing (bulbar). The diagnosis of MG was confirmed by fatigability testing, electromyography and the presence of AChR antibodies. Her symptoms showed improvement with pyridostigmine (Mestinon) 60 mg 6-hourly. Her antithyroid drug was tapered down according to her thyroid function test. Throughout a year of follow-ups, her hyperthyroidism and fatigability symptoms improved with treatment. She was later counselled for total thyroidectomy and thymectomy.

    Conclusion: Myasthenia gravis and hyperthyroidism may present with similar symptoms such as dysphagia due to neuromuscular weakness or fatigue. When the diseases occur together, one of the diagnoses may be missed. Therefore, the occurrence of new symptoms in a patient with underlying ATD should should trigger the early identification of other autoimmune diseases by primary care doctors.
  13. Fulltext Effect of incorporating sodium molybdate in the form of salt lick or in mixed ration on growth and performance of sheep fed palm kernel cake
    Yusoff SM, Ibrahim J, Salleh A
    Malays J Nutr, 1995 Sep;1(2):171-8.
    PMID: 22692061
    The objective of the present experiments are to determine if sheep could safely consume high amount of PKC in their diets and if sheep's consumption of PKC require a chelating agent to tie up the high copper level in PKC to protect it against toxicity. Two experiments were carried out. Experiment 1, with four treatment groups of animals, using from 30 to 100% PKC, mixed with other feed ingredients except minerals. Mineral mixtures were separately mixed with Sodium Molybdate, acting as the chelating agent, and the mineral was offered in separate feed troughs ad.libitum, in the pens for each animal group. Although all groups gave high ADG, the animals in the 100% group had high copper in their blood, which were above4 the normal physiological level at the end of the experimental duration of three months. Three animals from this group died and their liver copper contents were very high. The groups fed up to 72% PKC in their ration did not show any significant elevation of copper or toxicity. Sheep fed similar proportions of ingredients in experiment 2, but with Molybdate incorporated together into all the four similar rations as in experiment 1, did not show any signs of toxicity or elevated blood copper. The animals in all groups produced high ADG. The experiment proved that sheep can take up to 100% PKC in their diet, but a chelating agent must be incorporated into the feed to ensure its sufficient uptake to protect it against toxicity. Giving Molybdate separately from the feed would not ensure sufficient intake of the chelating agent voluntarily. This would result in copper toxicity in the animals.
  14. Fulltext Coracoid Process Morphology using 3D-CT Imaging in a Malaysian Population
    Imma II, Nizlan NM, Ezamin AR, Yusoff S, Shukur MH
    Malays Orthop J, 2017 Jul;11(2):30-35.
    PMID: 29021876 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1707.012
    Introduction: The aims of this study are to define the coracoid process anatomy in a Malaysian population, carried out on patients in Hospital Serdang with specific emphasis on the dimension of the base of coracoid process which is important in coraco-acromial (CC) ligament reconstruction, to define the average amount of bone available for use in coracoid transfer, and to compare the size of coracoid process based on gender and race, and with findings in previous studies. Materials and Methods: Fifteen pairs of computed tomography (CT) based 3-dimensional models of shoulders of patients aged between 20 to 60 years old were examined. The mean dimensions of coracoid were measured and compared with regards to gender and race. The data were also compared to previously published studies. Results: The mean length of the coracoid process was 37.94 ± 4.30 mm. Male subjects were found to have larger-sized coracoids in all dimensions as compared to female subjects. The mean tip of coracoid dimension overall was 19.99 + 1.93mm length × 10.03 + 1.48mm height × 11.63 + 2.12mm width. The mean base of coracoid dimension was 18.96 + 3.71mm length × 13.84 + 1.76mm width. No significant differences were observed with regards to racial denomination. The overall coracoid size measurements were found to be smaller compared to previous studies done on the Western population. Conclusion: This study may suggest that Malaysians have smaller coracoid dimension compared to Caucasians. The findings further suggest that the incidence of coracoid fracture and implants pull out in Malaysian subjects may be higher.
  15. Fulltext Feasibility Studies of Palm Oil Mill Waste Aggregates for the Construction Industry
    Kanadasan J, Fauzi AFA, Razak HA, Selliah P, Subramaniam V, Yusoff S
    Materials (Basel), 2015 Sep 22;8(9):6508-6530.
    PMID: 28793579 DOI: 10.3390/ma8095319
    The agricultural industry in Malaysia has grown rapidly over the years. Palm oil clinker (POC) is a byproduct obtained from the palm oil industry. Its lightweight properties allows for its utilization as an aggregate, while in powder form as a filler material in concrete. POC specimens obtained throughout each state in Malaysia were investigated to evaluate the physical, chemical, and microstructure characteristics. Variations between each state were determined and their possible contributory factors were assessed. POC were incorporated as a replacement material for aggregates and their engineering characteristics were ascertained. Almost 7% of density was reduced with the introduction of POC as aggregates. A sustainability assessment was made through greenhouse gas emission (GHG) and cost factor analyses to determine the contribution of the addition of POC to the construction industry. Addition of POC helps to lower the GHG emission by 9.6% compared to control specimens. By channeling this waste into the construction industry, an efficient waste-management system can be promoted; thus, creating a cleaner environment. This study is also expected to offer some guides and directions for upcoming research works on the incorporation of POC.
  16. Fulltext Spinal cryptoccoma mimicking a spinal cord tumor complicated by cryptococcal meningitis in an immunocompetent patient
    Carol L, Tai MS, Yusoff SM, Rose N, Rafia MH, Viswanathan S
    Neurol India, 2018 7 25;66(4):1181-1183.
    PMID: 30038119 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.237012
  17. Overexpression of phospho-Akt correlates with phosphorylation of EGF receptor, FKHR and BAD in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Yip WK, Leong VC, Abdullah MA, Yusoff S, Seow HF
    Oncol Rep, 2008 Feb;19(2):319-28.
    PMID: 18202777
    The Akt pathway is one of the most common molecular alterations in various human malignancies. However, its involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumorigenesis has not been well established. In this study, the status of Akt activation and expression of its upstream and downstream molecules was investigated in 64 NPC and 38 non-malignant nasopharyngeal tissues by immunohistochemistry. The hotspot mutations of PIK3CA, encoding the p110alpha catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), were also determined in 25 of these NPC tissues. No hotspot mutations were found in any of the samples tested. Akt was activated in 27 (42.2%) and 23 (35.9%) NPCs, as indicated by p-Akt (Thr308) and p-Akt (Ser473) immunoreactivity, respectively. PTEN loss did not correlate statistically with activated Akt. However, a positive correlation was observed between activated Akt and phospho-epidermal growth factor receptor (p-EGFR), suggesting that the EGFR signaling might be one of the upstream regulators of the Akt pathway. The phosphorylation of forkhead (FKHR) and Bcl-2 associated death domain (BAD), but not mammalian target of rapamycin and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, was significantly correlated with Akt activation. This implies that Akt promotes cell proliferation (as estimated by Ki-67) and survival, at least, through the inactivation of FKHR and BAD in NPC. Our data revealed that the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is important in NPC pathogenesis and that PIK3CA hotspot mutations are rare in NPC.
  18. Increased Expression of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase p110α and Gene Amplification of PIK3CA in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
    Yip WK, He PY, Abdullah MA, Yusoff S, Seow HF
    Pathol Oncol Res, 2016 Apr;22(2):413-9.
    PMID: 26581613 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-0007-8
    Molecular alterations in PIK3CA oncogene that encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K p110α) are commonly found in human cancers. In this study, we examined the expression of PI3K p110α and PIK3CA gene amplification in 74 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cases. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated overexpression of PI3K p110α protein in 44.6% (33/74) of NPCs and 4.8% (2/42) of the adjacent normal nasopharyngeal mucosa. Copy number of PIK3CA gene was successfully analyzed in 51 of the total NPC cases and 19 non-malignant nasopharynx tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. Using mean + 2(standard deviation) of copy numbers in the non-malignant nasopharynx tissues as a cutoff value, PIK3CA copy number gain was found in 10 of 51 (19.6%) NPC cases. High PI3K p110α expression level was correlated with increased PIK3CA copy number (Spearman's rho =0.324, P = 0.02). PI3K p110α expression and PIK3CA copy number did not associate with Akt phosphorylation, and patient and tumor variables. This study suggests that PI3K p110α overexpression, which is attributed, at least in part, to PIK3CA gene amplification, may contribute to NPC pathogenesis. However, these molecular aberrations may not be responsible for activation of Akt signaling in NPC.
  19. Fulltext Evaluating teachers' pedagogical content knowledge in implementing classroom-based assessment: A case study among esl secondary school teachers in Selangor, Malaysia
    Abdul Razak R, Mat Yusoff S, Hai Leng C, Mohamadd Marzaini AF
    PLoS One, 2023;18(12):e0293325.
    PMID: 38157377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293325
    The Malaysian Education Blueprint (PPPM) 2013-2025 has spurred significant reforms in the Primary School Standard Curriculum (KSSR) and Secondary School Standard Curriculum (KSSM), particularly concerning classroom-based assessment (CBA). CBA evaluates students' understanding and progress, informs instruction, and enhances the learning outcomes. Teachers with robust pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) are better equipped to design and implement effective CBA strategies that accurately assess students' comprehension and growth, provide personalised feedback, and guide instruction. This study aims to investigate the relationship between PCK and CBA among English as a Second Language (ESL) secondary school teachers in Selangor, Malaysia. A 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to 338 teachers across 27 regional secondary schools in Selangor. The Covariance-based structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that the secondary school teachers demonstrated a high level of PCK, with content knowledge (CK) obtaining the highest mean, followed by pedagogical knowledge (PK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The CBA practices among these teachers were also found to be high. SEM analysis showed a positive association between PK and CBA practices and between PCK and CBA. However, no positive association was observed between CK and CBA practices. In order to enhance teachers' PCK and ensure the effective implementation of CBA, which is crucial for student learning outcomes in Malaysian ESL secondary schools, it is recommended that continuous professional development opportunities be provided, specifically focusing on PCK and CBA.
  20. Fulltext Clinical predictors of acute kidney injury in children with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: a tertiary centre experience
    Wan Yusof WA, Yaacob NM, Nasir A, Yusoff S, Ilias MI
    Singapore Med J, 2023 Jan 06.
    PMID: 36695277 DOI: 10.4103/singaporemedj.SMJ-2021-092
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