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Fulltext The Prevalence of Transfusion-transmitted Infections among Blood Donors in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Ramli M, Zulkafli Z, Chambers GK, Zilan RSAR, Edinur HA

Oman Med J, 2020 Nov;35(6):e189.
PMID: 33110633 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2020.86

Objectives: Blood bank centers routinely screen for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to ensure the safety of blood supply and thus prevent the dissemination of these viruses via blood transfusion. We sought to evaluate the detection of transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI) markers using standard serological methods and nucleic acid testing (NAT) among blood donors in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Methods: Donated blood units were assessed for the presence or absence of HBV, HCV, and HIV using two screening method: serology and NAT. Reactive blood samples were then subjected to serological confirmatory and NAT discriminatory assays.
Results: A total of 9669 donors were recruited from September 2017 to June 2018. Among these, 36 donors were reactive either for HBV, HCV, or HIV by serological testing and eight by NAT screening. However, only 10 (three for HBV and seven for HCV) donors tested positive using serological testing and five (two for HBV and three for HCV) by NAT discriminatory assays. Note that all five NAT positive donors detected in the NAT discriminatory assays were confirmed to be serologically reactive. Therefore, the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV was 0.03%, 0.1%, and 0.0%, respectively, in our donor pool.
Conclusions: Both serological and NAT screening and confirmatory assays should be used routinely to reduce the risk of infection transmission via the transfusion of blood and blood components.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext Association of hematological analysis and α-globin genotypes among eligible blood donors in University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR)

Lai Kuan Teh, Li Fang Lim, Yu Leong Teh, Tze Yan Lee, Lay Ngor Lim, Elizabeth George

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(102):48-48.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Reduction or complete absence of α-globin chain production may result α-thalassemia. Alpha thalassemia carrier may have normal haemoglobin level and thus will be eligible as blood donor. Few complications may happen in which the carrier who donated the blood might be at risk of hypoxia and their blood components might not suitable for transfusion. Thus, it is important to screen for α-thalassemia to prevent any complications happen
after donation. The objective of this study is to investigate the interaction of red blood cell indices and α-globin genotypes among eligible blood donors in a private university, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Malaysia. Methods: A total of 270 eligible blood donors were recruited for this study. Red cell indices were analysed using Horiba hematology analyser and α-globin genotyping was performed for seven alpha deletions, six alpha point mutations
and two alpha triplications. Results: Our study showed high prevalence of α-thalassemia carriers among the eligible blood donors (7.7%, 21/270), with all of them showed normal Hb level (>12 gm/dl). Five genotypes were detected consisting of 249 αα/αα (92.2%), 9 -α3.7/αα (3.3%), 9 --SEA/αα (3.3%), 2 -α4.2/αα (0.7%) and 1 ααCS/αα (0.4%). All α-globin genotypes showed normal Hb level with no significant difference between genotypes (p=0.167). Different
α-globin genotypes showed significant difference in RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW and Hct/Hb ratio at the p

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Use of red blood cell indices for the identification of iron deficiency among blood donors

Nadarajan V, Sthaneshwar P, Eow GI

Transfus Med, 2008 Jun;18(3):184-9.
PMID: 18598281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2008.00862.x

The objective of this study was to identify haematological parameters useful in screening for iron deficiency among blood donors. Iron deficiency is a common complication of blood donation and often goes unrecognized until anaemia develops. Biochemical markers such as soluble transferrin receptor (TfR), ferritin and log(TfR/F) have been proposed as more valid indicators of body iron status. Red blood cell (RBC) parameters are, however, more easily measured and have also been proposed as indicators of iron depletion. We measured ferritin and TfR in 192 blood donors together with RBC analysis, performed on two haematology analysers. Thirteen donors had parameters suggestive of haemoglobinopathy and were excluded from further analysis. Overall, 10% (18/179) of the remaining donors had iron deficiency, as defined by log(TfR/F) exceeding the 95th percentile of the value in the population of first-time donors. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the sensitivity of ferritin was 100%, with a specificity of 90% at a cut-off of 15 mug L(-1). The sensitivity and specificity of RBC-Y at a cut-off of 152 for detecting iron deficiency were 81 and 89%, respectively. Haemoglobin content of reticulocytes, meanwhile, showed sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 93% when a cut-off of 28 pg was used. Both measures compare favourably with haemoglobin which only showed a sensitivity of 50%, although specificity was 91% at a cut-off value of 125 g L(-1). The parameter RBC-Y can be useful as a screening measure for iron deficiency in blood donors.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Anaemia and iron status among blood donors in a blood transfusion unit in Malaysia

Nadarajan VS, Eow GI

Malays J Pathol, 2002 Dec;24(2):99-102.
PMID: 12887168

Iron deficiency is a major complication of regular blood donation as a result of regular iron loss from each donated blood unit. Ninety-two regular blood donors and 95 first time blood donors attending a hospital-based blood transfusion centre were assessed as to their haematological and iron status by blood counts and serum ferritin levels as an indicator of iron stores. All donors had passed the haemoglobin-screening test using a copper sulphate method prior to blood donation. Ferritin levels were found to be significantly lower among regular blood donors (47.8 mmol/L) as compared to first time blood donors (94.2 mmol/L). Iron deficiency as observed by low ferritin levels was seen in 7.4% of all first time donors as compared to 17.4% in regular donors. Male first time donors showed a low prevalence of iron deficiency but the prevalence significantly increased with regular blood donation. Female first time and regular blood donors however did not show any significant differences in prevalence of iron deficiency, with both groups exhibiting prevalence rates similar to male regular donors. The association between haemoglobin levels and iron deficiency was poor and the copper sulphate-screening test was found insensitive to anaemia with many donors passing the test and donating blood despite being anaemic. It is concluded that a high prevalence of iron deficiency is present among regular male blood donors and all female donors. Besides, the use of the copper sulphate screening test as a sole criterion for anaemia screening should be reviewed. Ferritin measurements should be included in the routine assessment of blood donors especially among regular blood donors.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Fulltext Effects of plateletpheresis on blood coagulation parameters in healthy donors at National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Siti Nadiah AK, Nor Asiah M, Nur Syimah AT, Normi M, Anza E, Aini AN, et al.

Transfus Apher Sci, 2013 Dec;49(3):507-10.
PMID: 24055412 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2013.08.004

Plateletpheresis is a method used to remove platelet from the body either from random volunteer donors, patient's family members or HLA matched donors. A cross sectional study was carried out on 59 plateletpheresis donors aged between 18 and 55 years at National Blood Center (NBC), Kuala Lumpur. We compared the blood parameters before and after plateletpheresis and we found that the platelet count, FVIII, fibrinogen and thrombophilia markers anti-thrombin (AT), protein C and protein S were significantly reduced (p<0.05) with prolonged PT and APTT. There were significant changes in blood coagulation parameters but it is within acceptable range.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Lactic dehydrogenase variants in different racial groups in Malaysia

Lie-Injo LE, Lopez CG, Ganesan J

Hum. Hered., 1973;23(5):487-91.
PMID: 4799059
Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext Comparison of knowledge about voluntary blood donation among the medical and non-medical students of Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Parash, M. Tanveer Hossain, Ayudurai, Thiruchelvam, Murthy, Krishna Dilip, Shimmi, Sadia Choudhury, Hossain, A.B.M. Tofazzal, Ghosh, Bablu K.

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2017;11(3):13-18.
MyJurnal

The huge population of persuadable, active, healthy and young students is the potential as blood donors to meet safe blood donation. This study focused on the existing level of knowledge regarding voluntary blood donation among medical (Faculty of Medicine and Health Science) and nonmedical students with science background (Faculty of Engineering) at the Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Four hundred and fifty-five students consisting of medical (231) and nonmedical (224) were selected through stratified random sampling to participate in the study. Data was collected using validated structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by structural equation modelling using SPSS AMOS Graphics version 22 and SPSS version16. The results showed a significant (pp

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext Knowledge and attitude towards blood donation among non blood donor residents of Kuala Terengganu at Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu

Sarah Mat Noh, Faraizah Abdul Karim, Mohd Muhaimin Kambali, Hafizuddin Mohamed Fauzi

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(1):53-62.
MyJurnal

Blood supply shortage is a worldwide problem including Malaysia. According to statistical data from 2011 to 2015, Terengganu which is one of the states in Malaysia has the lowest blood donation rate. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude score towards blood donation and their associated factors among nondonors of Kuala Terengganu. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire involving systematically random sampling of 320 nondonors attending Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah. Data were analysed using Multiple Logistic Regression and Pearson correlation. Results: The mean knowledge and attitude scores were 5.19 (1.87) and 70.79 (8.19), respectively. Sixty-four percent (64.69%) and 92.81% of the participants have good knowledge and attitude, respectively. Gender, education level, and occupation have a significant association with knowledge, while education level and occupation were found to be significantly associated with attitude. No significant association found between the knowledge and attitude level. Most reported barriers to blood donation were a refusal to give blood to other religion and race. The main source to acquire information pertaining to blood donation was mainly from social media. Conclusion: Refusal of giving blood to other religion and race is recognised as the main issue that hinders participants to donate their blood. Thus, proper education and aggressive promotion regarding blood donation are needed especially among the nondonor in this region of Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Prevalence of anti-HBc in Malaysian male blood donors and its correlation with DNA polymerase activity

Ton SH, Lopez CG, Hasnah H

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1979 Mar;10(1):1-6.
PMID: 483004

A study of Kuala Lumpur blood donors for HBsAG, anti-HBc and DNA polymeraes showed that 5.5% in the sample population was positive for HBsAG, 50.1% for anti-HBc and 10.1% for DNA polymerase activity. There was no significant difference of the HBsAG among the Malay, Chinese and Indian groups. However, a significant difference was observed for the anti-HBc and DNA polymerase activity between the Indian and the Malay/Chinese groups. Both analysis were significantly lower in the Indians but there was no significant difference between the Chinese and the Malays.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for transfusion transmitted viruses in sero-negative allogeneic blood donors: an experience from Southern Pakistan

Sultan S, Nasir MI, Rafiq S, Baig MA, Akbani S, Irfan SM

Malays J Pathol, 2017 Aug;39(2):149-154.
PMID: 28866696

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion safety commences with healthy donor recruitment. The threat of transfusion transmitted infections is greatly minimized by serological tools but not entirely eliminated. Recently, nucleic-acid testing for blood donor screening has virtually eliminated this jeopardy.
METHODS: This prospective study was conducted from February 2015 to February 2016. Samples from seronegative donors were run on multiplex assay (Cobas, S-201 system platform, Roche) in a batch of six [MP-NAT]. In case of reactive pool, tests were run on every individual sample [IDNAT].
RESULTS: Of 16957 donors, 16836 (99.2%) were replacement donors and the remaining 121 (0.7%) were voluntary donors, with a mean age of 29.09 ± 7.04 years. After serologic screening of all 16957 donors, 955 (5.6%) were found to be reactive; 291(1.71%) were reactive for hepatitis-B surface antigen, 361 (2.12%) for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), 14 (0.08%) for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus, 287 (1.69%) for syphilis and 2 (0.01%) for malaria. 14 (0.08%) NAT reactive donors were identified after testing the 16002 seronegative donors, with an overall NAT yield of one reactivity out of 1143 blood donations; 10 donors for HBV-DNA (HBV NAT yield-1:1600) and remaining 4 for HCV-RNA (HCV-NAT yield-1:4000). None were HIV positive.
CONCLUSION: NAT has improved the safety attributes in blood products. Although the positivity rate for NAT testing is low but in view of the high prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections in our country, we recommend the parallel use of both serology and NAT screening of all donated blood.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Hepatitis B surface antigen subtypes in Malaysia

Kamath S

Am J Epidemiol, 1975 Aug;102(2):191-5.
PMID: 50735

One hundred and ninety hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HBsAG+) sera were subtyped, belonging to : blood donors, hepatitis patients, patients and staff in a hemodialysis unit, all from Kuala Lumpur; Malaysian aborigines from three jungle locations in Peninsular Malaysia; and East Malaysians from Sarawak, East Malaysia; Three subtypes adr, adw and ayw were present in Malaysia in the following frequencies: 44%, 29%, and 27%, respectively; In Kuala Lumpur 87% had subdeterminant d and 13 per cent y, whereas in the deep jungle aborigines of Perak and Pahang, the y subdeterminant was present in 87% and the d in 13%. A similar pattern of preponderance of y prevailed in Sarawak, East Malaysia. In Kuala Lumpur the two main ethnic groups, Malays and Chinese, differed in subtype distribution, in that adr predominated in the Malays (61%), while the adw predominated in the Chinese (51%); Subtype distribution was not related to age or sex of carriers of the antigen, or to whether they had hepatitis, or asymptomatic antigenemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext Indirect hemagglutination antibodies against Burkholderia pseudomallei in normal blood donors and suspected cases of melioidosis in Malaysia

Norazah A, Rohani MY, Chang PT, Kamel AG

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1996 Jun;27(2):263-6.
PMID: 9279987

Interpretation of the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) for melioidosis in endemic areas is difficult because of the presence of antibodies in apparently healthy individuals. Fifty-three out of 200 healthy blood donors in Malaysia showed positive antibody titers (> or = 1 : 40) against Burkholderia pseudomallei. Seven percent had an IHA titer of 1 : 40, 11% had an IHA titer of 1 : 80 while 8.5% had a titer > or = 1 : 160. Out of 258 sera sent for melioidosis serology, 7% of the patients had an IHA titer of 1 : 40, 9% had an IHA titer of 1 : 80 while 20% had an IHA titer of > or = 1 : 160. If a titer of > or = 1 : 80 is taken as cut off point for positivity, 29% of the patients had positive melioidosis serology. Increasing the positivity threshold may jeopardize the sensitivity of the test. A more specific and sensitive test is needed.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Seroprevalence of selected transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in Region 3, Philippines: A 5-year retrospective study

Rivera NS, Tiongco REG, Salita CL, Kawano RL

Trop Biomed, 2019 Dec 01;36(4):993-1002.
PMID: 33597469

Transfusion of blood is a life-saving intervention that saves many lives. Unsafe practices in blood donation and pre-transfusion testing place people's lives at risk of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs). The study aims to determine the overall seroprevalence of the selected TTIs for the past 5 years (2013-2017) among blood donors from a hospital in Region 3, Philippines. The trend and distribution of the TTIs according to age group, sex, donor category, and number of donations were also determined. Data extracted include the age, sex, donor category, number of donations, and screening results of all donors from January 2013 to December 2017. The overall seroprevalence of the selected TTIs from over the 5-year period is 4.17%. The seroprevalence rates of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV and syphilis from 2013 to 2017 are 2.87%, 0.48%, 0.10%, and 0.62%, respectively. The age group of 25 to 44 years old showed the highest rate of reactive donors. Also, higher rates of reactive donors are seen among male donors, replacement donors, and first-time donors. The overall seroprevalence of TTIs in the study locale is low and it shows a decreasing trend from 2013 to 2017. Donors who are 25 to 44 years old, males, replacement, and first-time donors showed highest seroprevalence rates of TTIs.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Response rate of Malaysian blood donors with reactive screening test to transfusion medicine unit calls

Roshan TM, Rosline H, Ahmed SA, Rapiaah M, Khattak MN

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2009 Nov;40(6):1315-21.
PMID: 20578467

Blood donors with reactive screening test results are requested to come in for counseling by letter and telephone call. It has been noticed many donors responded to neither the letters nor the telephone calls. We evaluated 589 cases with reactive screening test results (208 positive for hepatitis C, 209 for hepatitis B, 85 for VDRL and 87 for HIV). In the hepatitis C positive group 61 donors (29.3%) did not respond and 4.7% missed their follow-up appointment. Similarly low response rates were noted with the HBV (58.9%) and VDRL (67.1%) positive groups. Among HIV positive donors 46.0% failed to respond to multiple calls. We conclude that blood donors in Malaysia have a poor response to calls from the blood transfusion unit. A review of the effectiveness of the current deferral system and an increased public knowledge of transmissible infectious diseases may encourage blood donors to have a better response rate.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors/psychology*
Hepatitis in renal transplant recipients with and without donor-specific blood transfusion

Morad Z, Suleiman AB, Kong CT

Transplant Proc, 1989 Feb;21(1 Pt 2):1825-6.
PMID: 2652593
Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext Knowledge, perceptions and barriers of blood donation among adults in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Chin, Chee Kee, Dariah Mohd Yusoff, Kueh, Yee Cheng

Malaysian Journal of Medical Research, 2018;2(1):1-9.
MyJurnal

Blood donation is important for lives saving and the need is unceasing. However, the shortage of blood supply
is a common issue. While the public is the main source of blood donation, it is unknown whether they are
aware about it. This study was carried out to determine the public's knowledge, perceptions and barriers
towards blood donation. Atotal of 384 male and female respondents were conveniently selected to participate
in this study. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS software
version 22.0. Most of the respondents (60.9%) had never donated blood but their knowledge towards blood
donation was high (79.9%). Some misconceptions were indicated among respondents. Afraid of the needle
prick, pain or discomfort were the top barriers among non-donors respondents (45.3%). The majority of the
respondents believed that blood donation is a practice or selfless concern for the well-being of others (98.7%).
A significant relationship was indicated between age and level of education with status of blood donation
(p

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Fulltext Seroprevalence of anti-amoebic antibody among blood donors by indirect hemeagglutination assay

Zeehaida M, Zairi NZ, Tan ZN, Wong WK, Lim BH

Trop Biomed, 2009 Dec;26(3):366-8.
PMID: 20237453

The screening for anti-amoebic antibody among a group of donors was to obtain negative control serum samples for an on-going antigen development assay in diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess. Out of 200 samples, 125 (62.5%) were negative, whereas 44 (21.5%) had IHA titer of less than 1:128 and 31 (16.0%) of the samples had significant IHA titers of 1:128 or more, in which 2 serum samples gave titers of 1:4096.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Serum ferritin concentrations in male Malaysian blood donors

Ton SH, Lopez CG

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1980 Mar;11(1):87-90.
PMID: 7403958

Serum ferritin and haemoglobin estimates were carried out on 78 first time blood donors with a view to determining iron store status. Of these 30 were Malays, 20 were Chinese and 28 were Indians. The ferritin level in Malay donors ranged from 16-160 mg/ml (mean 83 +/- 49.4 mg/ml in chinese donors is ranged from 36-500 mg/ml (mean 242.8 +/- 132 mg/ml), and in the Indian donors it ranged from 5 - 270 mg/ml (mean 94.6 +/- 67.9 mg/ml). The haemoglobin concentration for the whole group was 14.9 +/- 1.49 g/dl. There was no correlation of haemoglobin concentration with serum ferritin levels.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors*
Epidemiology of persistent hepatitis B virus infection

Lopez CG

Malays J Pathol, 1985 Aug;7:7-10.
PMID: 3843253
Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors
Organization of a blood transfusion service in tropical areas

Lopez CG

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1979 Jun;10(2):177-83.
PMID: 524138
Matched MeSH terms: Blood Donors

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