MyMedR

Fulltext A serological study of Japanese encephalitis virus infections in northern Peninsular Malaysia

Cardosa MJ, Choo BH, Zuraini I

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1991 Sep;22(3):341-6.

This study describes the status of viral encephalitis in Perak, Malaysia during the year 1990. In addition, 14 cases selected from Penang and Perak during the years 1989 and 1990 are presented, with data showing titers of neutralizing antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and dengue 2 virus, titers of antibodies against JEV and dengue virus antigens as determined by DEIA, and a comparison of these with the presence of IgM to JEV and dengue virus. These data show that there probably is far more viral encephalitis due to JEV in Malaysia than the national figures reflect.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Imported malaria: a retrospective study in University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, a ten-year experience

Jamaiah I, Anuar AK, Najib NA, Zurainee MN

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Mar;53(1):6-9.

PMID: 10968130

Over a period of ten years (1983-1992), 134 malaria cases admitted to University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur (UHKL) were analysed. Malays constituted 27.6%, Chinese 29.8%, Indians 9.7%, Indonesians 16.4% and other foreigners 16.4%. Therefore, of the total number of cases, foreigners constituted 32.8% (44) of all the malaria cases admitted to UHKL. Fifteen of these foreigners had chloroquine-resistant strains of malarial parasites. Three species of malaria were reported of which Plasmodium falciparum constituted the most (46.3%) (80% of these developed resistance to chloroquine). Plasmodium vivax was confirmed in 44.8% (10% of these developed resistance to chloroquine) and there was only one case of Plasmodium malarie infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Trichuris dysentery syndrome: Do we learn enough from case studies?

Zeehaida M, Zueter A, Zairi NZ, Zunulhisham S

Trop Biomed, 2015 Sep;32(3):545-50.

PMID: 26695216 MyJurnal

Trichuris Dysentery Syndrome (TDS) is a severe persistent trichuriasis associated with heavy worm build-up in the colon that continues to be neglected and underestimated in endemic countries. Trichuriasis is most prevalent in children in tropical countries, and that increases the risk of TDS. We reported a series of four preschool children of both genders chronically having TDS over a period ranging from several months to years presenting with anaemia. The hemoglobin levels ranged from 4.6 to 9.1 g/dl on first admissions. Despite treatment, the cases were reported to have failure to thrive with persistent anaemia. It was concluded that TDS should be considered in endemic areas among children presenting with chronic bloody diarrhea and anaemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Gunshot-like wound caused by sling shot injury - a case report

Vinuthinee N, Azreen-Redzal A, Juanarita J, Zunaina E

Int Med Case Rep J, 2015;8:47-50.

PMID: 25709507 DOI: 10.2147/IMCRJ.S75198

We report a rare case of sling shot injury that presented with a gunshot-like wound with preseptal cellulitis, in a toddler. An 11-month-old Malay child presented with a gunshot-like wound over the forehead following sling shot injury. On examination, he had a deep circular laceration wound over the forehead, measuring 2.0 cm in diameter, with minimal bleeding. There was no obvious foreign body seen inside the wound and no palpable foreign body surrounding the wound. The gunshot-like wound was associated with left preseptal cellulitis. A skull X-ray showed a white opaque foreign body in the left frontal bone. Computed tomography (CT) scan of orbit and brain revealed a left comminuted fracture of the left orbital roof, and left frontal brain contusion with prelesional edema. Wound exploration was performed and revealed a 0.5 cm unshattered marble embedded in the left frontal bone. The marble and bone fragments were removed. The left preseptal cellulitis responded well to intravenous antibiotic and topical antibiotic.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Corneal laceration caused by river crab

Vinuthinee N, Azreen-Redzal A, Juanarita J, Zunaina E

Clin Ophthalmol, 2015;9:203-6.

PMID: 25678769 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S74548

A 5-year-old boy presented with right eye pain associated with tearing and photophobia of 1-day duration. He gave a history of playing with a river crab when suddenly the crab clamped his fingers. He attempted to fling the crab off, but the crab flew and hit his right eye. Ocular examination revealed a right eye corneal ulcer with clumps of fibrin located beneath the corneal ulcer and 1.6 mm level of hypopyon. At presentation, the Seidel test was negative, with a deep anterior chamber. Culture from the corneal scrapping specimen grew Citrobacter diversus and Proteus vulgaris, and the boy was treated with topical gentamicin and ceftazidime eyedrops. Fibrin clumps beneath the corneal ulcer subsequently dislodged, and revealed a full-thickness corneal laceration wound with a positive Seidel test and shallow anterior chamber. The patient underwent emergency corneal toileting and suturing. Postoperatively, he was treated with oral ciprofloxacin 250 mg 12-hourly for 1 week, topical gentamicin, ceftazidime, and dexamethasone eyedrops for 4 weeks. Right eye vision improved to 6/9 and 6/6 with pinhole at the 2-week follow-up following corneal suture removal.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

The 4-item family resilience scale: psychometric evaluation and measurement invariance of the malay version in adolescents and young adults

Hamzah H, Tan CS, Ramlee F, Zulkifli SS

BMC Psychol, 2023 Nov 13;11(1):392.

PMID: 37957763 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01435-5

BACKGROUND: The original Family Resilience Scale (FRS) is a reliable tool to assess family resilience. However, the FRS is based on the United States and parental context. Thus, the usefulness of the FRS for the adolescent and young adult population in Asian countries, particularly Malaysia remains unknown. This study translated the FRS into the Malay language and validated it on Malaysian adolescents and young adults to identify its potential as a self-report tool to assess the resilience level of their family.

METHODS: A total of 351 participants (Mage = 19.75, SDage = 3.29) were recruited in the study using purposive sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the factorial structure of the Family Resilience Scale-Malay (FRS-Malay) and measurement invariance between adolescents and young adults. Then, the scale's reliability was investigated using Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega coefficients, and composite reliability index. Finally, we examined the discriminant validity of the FRS-Malay by correlating its score with individual resilience score and examined the incremental validity of the scale using hierarchical multiple regression analysis to test if family resilience can explain individual well-being levels beyond and above individual resilience.

RESULTS: The findings of the confirmatory factor analysis suggest that a single-factor model is supported for both age groups. Furthermore, the scale exhibited scalar invariance between adolescents and young adults. The scale also exhibited good reliability, as the value of Cronbach's alpha, McDonald omega coefficients, and composite reliability index were above 0.80. Additionally, the Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the FRS-Malay and individual resilience scores, which supports the discriminant validity of the scale. Similarly, the incremental validity of the scale is also supported. Specifically, family resilience had a positive correlation with well-being, even after controlling for individual resilience in the regression analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: The FRS-Malay has demonstrated good reliability and validity. The scale measures the same construct of family resilience across adolescents and young adults, making it suitable for comparisons. Therefore, this unidimensional tool is appropriate for self-reporting their perceived level of family resilience. It is also useful for studying the development and fluctuation of family resilience in the Malaysian context.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Nutrition promotion: the role of monitoring physical growth

Zulkifli SN

Asia Pac J Public Health, 1992;6(4):210-6.

PMID: 1345448

Growth monitoring has been included as one of the basic strategies for child survival. In this paper, the rationale for this is reiterated both for individual as well as population nutritional surveillance. Methods for and approaches to growth monitoring are described. In addition, potential problems in implementing growth monitoring projects and interpreting the results are discussed. Despite its lack of sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic tool, its advantages in terms of low cost, simplicity, reliability and social acceptability justify its use in nutritional surveillance, particularly in populations at risk of malnutrition.
Publication year: 1992-1993

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Intramedullary spinal cord abscess: The result of a missed congenital dermal sinus

Kanaheswari Y, Lai C, Raja Lope RJ, Azizi AB, Zulfiqar MA

J Paediatr Child Health, 2015 Feb;51(2):223-5.

PMID: 25099316 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12707

Congenital dermal sinus (CDS) and occult spinal dysraphism are suspected when a cutaneous marker overlies the spine of a newborn. CDS can have the appearance of a simple dimple and occur within the gluteal cleft without any skin markers. CDS are the commonest cause of intramedullary spinal cord abscess.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Acute respiratory distress syndrome in a paediatric intensive care unit

Norrashidah AW, Azizi BH, Zulfiqar MA

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Jun;54(2):225-9.

PMID: 10972033

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the final outcome of a common pathway of a variety of unrelated but massive insults to the lung. It is commonly seen in adults but also occurs in the paediatric age group. A prospective study was carried out to determine the incidence, predisposing conditions, clinical course and outcome of children with ARDS admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Six patients (aged 0.8 to 11 years) who fulfilled the strict criteria for ARDS were identified prospectively during a one year study period. The incidence was 1.7% of all PICU admission. The most common underlying conditions were septicemia and pneumonia. The mortality rate was 83%. Death most often occurred during the early phase of the disease. Treatment of ARDS included elimination of the cause of ARDS, early institution of mechanical ventilation with PEEP, prompt recognition and treatment of superimposed infection and careful management of additional organ failure.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Malignant hypertension in a child with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis type II b

Kanaheswari Y, Hamzaini AH, Wong SW, Zulfiqar A

Acta Paediatr, 2008 Nov;97(11):1589-91.

PMID: 18671691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00971.x

Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a rare congenital syndrome characterized predominantly by cutaneous vascular malformations and pigmentary naevi. The most frequently reported form, Type II b, is associated with systemic involvement. Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS) with concomitant glaucoma, Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS) and naevus of Ota have been frequently described, but there have only been two case reports with asymptomatic renal anomalies.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Kanaheswari Y, Baizura J, Zulfiqar A

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Mar;59(1):103-7.

PMID: 15535344

We describe a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a child. This case is unusual in that the illness was characterised by recurrent episodes rather than a monophasic course and that the choice of treatment was intravenous immunoglobulin over corticosteroids. The rapid and remarkable recovery is highlighted and a review of the treatment for this rare condition is discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Spermatic cord metastasis from a medulloblastoma

Thambi dorai CR, Azmi A, Rahman AJ, Subathra S, Hayati AR, Zulfiqar A

Pediatr Surg Int, 2001 Nov;17(8):654-6.

PMID: 11727063

A 4-year-old boy presented with metastases in the spermatic cord and ribs 2 years after treatment for a primary medulloblastoma (MB). The testis was free of tumor. A MB presenting with a metastasis to the spermatic cord has not been reported to date. The role of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in promoting such spread should be considered in planning management.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Motor function outcome in postnatal insult-related cerebral palsy

Fauzi AA, Mustafah NM, Zohdi WN

J Pediatr Rehabil Med, 2013;6(3):181-4.

PMID: 24240839 DOI: 10.3233/PRM-130251

The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was developed to establish uniform communication between healthcare providers, patients, and the patients' families. It is also used to prognosticate the outcome of motor function. Based on previous reports, prognostication of ambulation status in cerebral palsy is based on the motor development curve, which shows a plateau at a certain known age.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Sturge-Weber syndrome and variability of clinical presentation

Zeka N, Zeka B, Gerguri A, Bejiqi R, Retkoceri R, Maloku A, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2023 Mar;78(2):145-148.

PMID: 36988522

INTRODUCTION: Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a congenital syndrome characterised by intellectual disability, glaucoma, a characteristic port-wine stain on the skin around the route of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and the affection of the leptomeninges in the brain in the form of abnormal capillary venous vessels. The aim of this study is to look at the clinical features as well as the correlation of SWS with other comorbidities in hospitalised children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of admitted children over the period 2000-2019 were retrospectively studied. Epidemiological variables, gender and age at the time of diagnosis, changes in the skin, central nervous system affection and ophthalmological changes were analysed and recorded.

RESULTS: Eleven cases of SWS were identified and included in the study. Age at the time of diagnosis ranged from 1 to 36 months. EEG showed specific grapho-elements, with partial seizures presenting in five cases out eight total cases with epilepsy. Ophthalmological complications were common, with glaucoma and choroidal haemangioma being the most common. Cognitive problems were found in seven cases, headache in eight cases and hemiparesis in four.

CONCLUSION: SWS is associated with other medical conditions. The study has described some of the features of SWS and found its correlation with epilepsy and other neurological problems, glaucoma, headache, hemiparesis and cognitive problems.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Prescribing of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Tramadol, and Opioids in Children: Patterns of Its Utilization

Zin CS

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 Nov;12(Suppl 2):S841-S845.

PMID: 33828387 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_251_19

Background: Analgesic is commonly used in children but little is known about its patterns of utilization. This study explored the patterns of analgesic prescribing in children.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used prescription databases of tertiary hospital settings in Malaysia from 2010 to 2016. Prescriptions for nine NSAIDs (diclofenac, ketoprofen, etoricoxib, celecoxib, ibuprofen, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, and naproxen), tramadol, and five other opioids (morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, buprenorphine, and dihydrocodeine) prescribed for children aged <18 years were included. Number of annual patients and prescriptions were measured and analyzed using Stata v15.

Results: During a 7-year study period, a total of 5040 analgesic prescriptions of the nine NSAIDs, tramadol, and five other opioids were prescribed for 2460 pediatric patients (81.8% NSAIDs patients, 17.9% tramadol patients, and 0.3% opioid patients). Ibuprofen was the primary analgesic in young children less than 12 years old (≤2 years old [y.o.] [75%], 3-5 y.o. [85%], and 6-12 y.o. [56.3%]). However, there was a wide range of analgesics used in older children (>12 y.o.) with the majority for naproxen (13-15 y.o. (28.2%) and 16-17 y.o. (28.2%). Other frequently prescribed analgesics for older children included ibuprofen (20.6%) and diclofenac (18.2%) for 12-15 y.o. and diclofenac (26.7%) and tramadol (17.6%) for 16-17 y.o.

Conclusion: Ibuprofen was the primary analgesic for children less than 12 y.o., whereas there was a wide range of analgesics prescribed for children age >12 y.o. including naproxen, diclofenac, and tramadol.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Maternal uniparental heterodisomy of chromosome 6 in a boy with an isolated cleft lip and palate

Salahshourifar I, Halim AS, Sulaiman WA, Zilfalil BA

Am J Med Genet A, 2010 Jul;152A(7):1818-21.

PMID: 20583164 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33526

We describe a chromosome 6 uniparental disomy (UPD6) in a boy, discovered during a screening for the genetic cause of cleft lip and palate. In the medical literature, almost all documented cases of UPD6 are paternal in origin, and only four were maternal. We present here a report of complete maternal chromosome 6 uniparental heterodisomy. Haplotype analysis was performed using highly polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) markers that span both arms of chromosome 6. Analysis of these markers revealed the presence of two maternal alleles but no paternal allele, indicating an instance of maternal uniparental heterodisomy. Chromosome analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes confirmed a normal male karyotype. Advanced maternal age at the time of the infant's birth and heterodisomy of markers around the centromere favors a meiosis-I error. No specific phenotype has been reported for maternal UPD6. Therefore, the cleft lip and palate in the present case probably occurred due to other risk factors. This report provides further evidence that maternal UPD6 has no specific clinical consequences and adds to the collective knowledge of this rare chromosomal finding.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Screening of dystrophin gene deletions in Malaysian patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Marini M, Salmi AA, Watihayati MS, SMardziah MD, Zahri MK, Hoh BP, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Mar;63(1):31-4.

PMID: 18935728 MyJurnal

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder characterized by rapidly progressive muscle weakness. The disease is caused by deletion, duplication or point mutation of the dystrophin gene, located on the X chromosome (Xp21). Deletion accounts for 60% of the mutations within the 79 exons of the dystrophin gene. Seven exons (43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50, and 51) were found to be most commonly deleted among the Asian patients. To detect the frequency of deletion of these 7 exons in Malaysian DMD patients, we carried out a molecular genetic analysis in 20 Malaysian DMD patients. The mean age of initial presentation was 60 months (SD 32 months, range 5-120 months). Fourteen patients were found to have deletion of at least one of the seven exons. The remaining six patients did not show any deletion on the tested exons. Deletions of exons 49, 50 and 51 were the most frequent (71.43%) and appear to be the hot spots in our cohort of patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Deletion analyses of SMN1 and NAIP genes in Malaysian spinal muscular atrophy patients

Watihayati MS, Zabidi-Hussin AM, Tang TH, Matsuo M, Nishio H, Zilfalil BA

Pediatr Int, 2007 Feb;49(1):11-4.

PMID: 17250498

The survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene has been recognized to be responsible for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) because it is homozygously deleted in more than 90% of SMA patients, irrespective of their clinical severity, whereas the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) gene is now considered to be a modifying factor of the severity of SMA. In Malaysia, it remains to be elucidated whether deletion of the SMN1 gene is also a main cause of SMA or whether deletion of the NAIP gene is found in the SMA patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Two cases of isochromosome 18q syndrome

Pal S, Siti MI, Ankathil R, Zilfalil BA

Singapore Med J, 2007 May;48(5):e146-50.

PMID: 17453088

Patients with isochromosome 18q, a rare cytogenetic abnormality, also reported as Edwards syndrome, is the second most common autosomal trisomy. However, the phenotypic features and survival of these patients are not uniform and depend upon the portion of chromosomes getting duplicated or deleted. The survival of these children may be longer, hence a good cytogenetic diagnosis is a must. Morphological characteristics of isochromosome 18q are not yet fully delineated because of the rarity of the cases and as most cases are aborted medically or terminate spontaneously. We report two cases of isochromosome 18q, one male aged two years old and the other a male aged eight months old, and review the literature on this rare syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Ocular findings in Malaysian children with Down syndrome

Liza-Sharmini AT, Azlan ZN, Zilfalil BA

Singapore Med J, 2006 Jan;47(1):14-9.

PMID: 16397715

Down syndrome was first described as Mongoloid children with European parentage. Although their facial features resemble Orientals or Asians, ocular findings have not been well-documented in Asians, especially Malaysians. Our aim was to identify the ocular findings of Malaysian children with Down syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

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