Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 119 in total

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  1. Chemotherapeutic effect of CGI 18041 against subperiodic Brugia malayi infection in Presbytis cristata
    Mak JW, Ngah Z, Choong MF, Navaratnam V
    Trop. Med. Parasitol., 1995 Mar;46(1):6-8.
    PMID: 7631131
    CGI 18041, an adduct of benzothiazol isothiocyanate N-methyl piperazine, was evaluated for its antifilarial properties in subperiodic Brugia malayi infected Presbytis cristata. Animals experimentally infected with 200-400 subperiodic Brugia malayi infective larvae, were matched according to microfilaria density, infective dose, and duration of infection. They were then randomly assigned to various treatment and control groups. The compound was suspended in 1% Tween 20 in distilled water, sonicated, and then fed to monkeys using a stomach tube. Control animals received an equivalent volume of drug diluent. CGI 18041 at a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg had complete adulticidal and microfilaricidal activities against subperiodic B. malayi in P. cristata. It was also extremely effective at a single dose of 25 mg/kg, the final geometric mean microfilaria count being 1.6% of initial level, and only 1.0% of the infective dose was recovered as live adult worms at autopsy 6 weeks post-treatment. In control animals, these were 226.9% and 5.56% respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  2. Single-dose diethylcarbamazine in the control of periodic brugian filariasis in Peninsular Malaysia
    Hakim SL, Vythilingam I, Marzukhi MI, Mak JW
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1995 11 1;89(6):686-9.
    PMID: 8594697
    The study compared the effectiveness of a single dose of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) (6mg/kg) with the standard regimen of 6 doses (total 36 mg/kg) in mass chemotherapy for the control of brugian filariasis. Mass chemotherapy with single-dose DEC was instituted in one area and standard dose in the other and treatment was repeated after one year. Parasitological surveys were conducted before, and 3, 7 and 12 months after treatment. Pretreatment characteristics were not significantly different between the 2 treatment areas. There was a significant reduction in microfilaraemia prevalence rate from 24.7% to 14.7% at 12 months and to 6.8% at 19 months in the single dose area and from 22.8% to 9.6% at 12 months and to 2.7% at 19 months with the standard dose. Maximum reduction was at 7 months after treatment with both regimens. There was also significant progressive reduction in mean microfilarial density from 4.39 +/- 20.37 to 0.89 +/- 4.16 per 60 microL in the single-dose area and from 4.43 +/- 17.31 to 0.75 +/- per 60 microL in the standard dose area. There was a greater reduction of both microfilarial prevalence and density using the standard regimen but it was not statistically significant. Thus, a single dose of DEC is as effective as the standard dose in controlling periodic brugian filariasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  3. Comparison of two 1-week low-dose omeprazole triple therapies--optimal treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection?
    Goh KL, Parasakthi N, Chuah SY, Cheah PL, Lo YL, Chin SC
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 1997 Dec;11(6):1115-8.
    PMID: 9663838
    OBJECTIVES: To determine and compare the efficacy and tolerability of two 1-week regimen comprising omeprazole, clarithromycin and amoxycillin or metronidazole in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, and to determine the influence of bacterial resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin on the outcome of treatment.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with unequivocal evidence of H. pylori infection based on culture, histology and rapid urease test of both antrum and corpus biopsies were recruited for the study. The study was a randomized, investigator-blind, comparative study. Patients received either omeprazole 20 mg o.m., clarithromycin 250 mg b.d. and amoxycillin 500 mg b.d. (OAC) or omeprazole 20 mg o.m., metronidazole 400 mg b.d. and clarithromycin 250 mg b.d. (OMC) for 1 week. Patients were assessed for successful eradication, which was defined as absence of bacteria in all tests (culture, histology and urease test on both antral and corpus biopsies), at least 4 weeks after completion of therapy.

    RESULTS: Eighty-two patients were recruited for the study. Eradication rates on intention-to-treat analysis were--OAC: 36/41 (87.8%, 95% CI: 73.8, 95.9); OMC: 33/41 (80.5%, 95% CI: 65.1, 91.2). On per protocol analysis were--OAC: 36/40 (90%, 95% CI: 76.3, 97.2); OMC: 32/38 (84.2%, 95% CI: 68.7, 94.0). All side-effects encountered were mild and no patient discontinued treatment because of intolerance to medications. The most common side-effects were altered taste (OAC 31.7%, OMC 53.7%) and lethargy (OAC 14.6%, OMC 19.5%). Pre-treatment metronidazole resistance was encountered in 34/63 (54.0%) patients. No bacterial strains were found with primary resistance to clarithromycin. Metronidazole resistance did not significantly affect eradication rates. Emergence of resistance to clarithromycin was not seen post-therapy.

    CONCLUSIONS: Both the OAC and the OMC regimens were convenient and well-tolerated treatments for H. pylori. However, eradication rates were lower than anticipated.

    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  4. Vancomycin administration in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: the risk of ototoxicity
    Gendeh BS, Gibb AG, Aziz NS, Kong N, Zahir ZM
    Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 1998 Apr;118(4):551-8.
    PMID: 9560111
    A prospective study was undertaken in 16 patients with chronic renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, with 22 episodes of peritonitis treated with vancomycin, a known ototoxic agent. Twelve patients had one episode each, and four had recurrent peritonitis. Each treatment course consisted of two infusions of vancomycin (30 mg/kg body weight) in 2 L of peritoneal dialysate administered at 6-day intervals. Serum vancomycin analyzed by enzyme immunoassay showed a mean trough level of 11.00 microg/ml on day 6 and mean serum levels of 33.8 and 38.6 microg/ml about 12 hours after administration on days 1 and 7, respectively. Similar levels, well within the therapeutic range, were encountered with repeated vancomycin therapy for recurrent episodes of peritonitis, suggesting that no changes occurred in the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug. Pure-tone audiometry, electronystagmography, and clinical assessment performed during each course of treatment showed no evidence of ototoxicity even on repeated courses of vancomycin therapy. The results suggest that vancomycin therapy when given in appropriate concentrations as a single therapeutic agent is both effective and safe. We believe, however, that vancomycin administered in combination with an aminoglycoside may produce ototoxic effects that may be greatly aggravated, possibly because of synergism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  5. Short treatment schedules of itraconazole in dermatophytosis
    Chow KW, Ting HC, Yap YP, Yee KC, Purushotaman A, Subramanian S, et al.
    Int J Dermatol, 1998 Jun;37(6):446-8.
    PMID: 9646134
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  6. Fulltext The role of endovaginal ultrasonography and the value of endometrial biopsy in breast cancer patients on tamoxifen therapy
    Sivalingam N, Pathmalingam A
    Singapore Med J, 1999 Jun;40(6):402-4.
    PMID: 10489508
    Endometrial changes have been observed when tamoxifen is used as an adjuvant therapy for carcinoma of the breast in postmenopausal women with positive estrogen receptors status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  7. Efficacy and safety of single versus multiple daily doses of glibenclamide in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Wan Mohamad WB, Tun Fizi A, Ismail RB, Mafauzy M
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2000 Aug;49(2-3):93-9.
    PMID: 10963819 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(00)00138-8
    Although long acting, glibenclamide is frequently given in split doses for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This may discourage compliance. It is thus appropriate to consider dosing it less frequently. We therefore studied glibenclamide effects when used once daily and when used in split doses. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of using once daily dosing as a regimen of choice. We measured plasma glucose, insulin, glibenclamide, lipids, HbAl and body mass index associated with the regimens. We also compared the number of hypoglycemic episodes occurring with them. Thirty type 2 diabetics on multiple daily glibenclamide were enrolled. Their regimens were changed over to once daily. Blood for glucose, insulin, lipids, HbAl and glibenclamide and body weight measurements were determined before and after the crossover period. We found no major difference in the sugar and insulin profiles with the two regimens. Fasting total cholesterol and triglyceride were also similar and so were plasma glibenclamide. The HbAl levels and body mass index and number of minor and major hypoglycemic episodes and hospital admissions for hypoglycemia also did not differ. We conclude that single daily dosing of glibenclamide was equivalent to multiple daily dose regimens. It can be used to an advantage to improve patient's compliance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  8. Predicted effect compartment concentration of thiopental at loss of eyelash reflex
    Lim TA, Inbasegaran K
    Br J Anaesth, 2001 Mar;86(3):422-4.
    PMID: 11573534
    We derived the predicted effect compartment concentration of thiopental, at loss of the eyelash reflex, following three different injection regimens. Sixty patients were given thiopental for induction of anaesthesia. Twenty patients received multiple small boluses, 20 patients received a single bolus and 20 patients received an infusion. Computer simulation was then used to derive the effect compartment concentration. The median concentration was not significantly different between the three groups. EC50, derived after combining all three groups was 11.3 microg ml(-1). The EC05-EC95 range was 6.9-18.3 microg ml(-1), suggesting wide inter-individual variation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  9. Fulltext Inhibition of progesterone secretion by oestradiol administered in the luteal phase of assisted conception cycles
    Tay PYS, Lenton EA
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Jun;58(2):187-95.
    PMID: 14569738
    A prospective randomised study was done to assess the effect of supplemental oestradiol in addition to progesterone on the luteal steroid profiles and pregnancy outcome in stimulated cycles with and without pituitary down regulation. Women undergoing stimulated cycle IVF with GnRH-a and FSH (Group A, n = 63) or stimulated intrauterine insemination using CC and FSH (Group B, n = 55) were studied. These subjects were randomly allocated to receive either 400 mg daily of vaginally administrated Cyclogest (progesterone) alone or in combination with 2 mg daily of oral Oestradiol Valerate (E2V) during the luteal phase. Significant lower concentrations of plasma progesterone were observed in those subjects supplemented with both E2V and progesterone compared to those in whom progesterone only was given during the luteal phase (P < 0.05). Exogenous E2V had a minimal impact on plasma oestradiol concentrations and did not disguise the characterised mid luteal decline in oestradiol secretion. The suppressive effect of E2V on plasma progesterone was lost if implantation occurred normally because any small change in steroid concentrations was reversed by the rapidly increasing concentrations of HCG. Similar pregnancy rates were observed among subjects supplemented with or without oestradiol. The addition of oestradiol to the luteal supplement suppresses endogenous corpus luteum progesterone secretion irrespective of the type of assisted conception cycle and that its use is unlikely to be beneficial to the process of implantation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  10. Reduction in serum levels of adhesion molecules, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein following short-term low-dose atorvastatin treatment in patients with non-familial hypercholesterolemia
    Nawawi H, Osman NS, Yusoff K, Khalid BA
    Horm. Metab. Res., 2003 Aug;35(8):479-85.
    PMID: 12953165 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-41805
    Hypercholesterolemia causes endothelial dysfunction, an early feature of atherosclerosis, leading to increased production of adhesion molecules and cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three months of treatment with low dose atorvastatin on serum levels of adhesion molecules, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with non-familial hypercholesterolemia. Fifty-five patients with non-familial hypercholesterolemia were randomized to treatment with atorvastatin 10 mg/day or placebo for 3 months. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, IL-6 and hs-CRP levels were measured to assess the inflammatory activity of the endothelium. There was a significant reduction in ICAM-1 at 2 weeks (p<0.0001) with further reduction at 3 months (p<0.0001). At 3 months, there were significant reductions in VCAM-1 (p<0.02), IL-6 (p<0.0001) and hs-CRP (p<0.01), but an increase in E-selectin levels (p<0.002). Treatment with statin was an independent determinant of change in ICAM-1 (p<0.05) and IL-6 levels (p<0.05) after correcting for anthropometric indices, blood pressure and lipid profile. Low-dose atorvastatin treatment leads to reduction in proinflammatory markers of endothelial function, suggesting an attenuation of endothelial activation and improvement in endothelial function, independent of lipid lowering. This may lead to a reduction in the progression of atherosclerosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  11. A novel method of deriving the effect compartment equilibrium rate constant for propofol
    Lim TA
    Br J Anaesth, 2003 Nov;91(5):730-2.
    PMID: 14570797
    BACKGROUND: Calculation of the effect compartment concentration (Ce) in non-steady-state conditions requires the equilibrium rate constant, keo. Most studies of propofol derive the keo using EEG measurements. This study investigated an alternative method. Starting from a predicted concentration-time profile, a keo value was included so that the predicted Ce at a specific pharmacodynamic end-point was the same when using three different methods of injection.

    METHODS: Seventy-five patients were given propofol for induction of anaesthesia. Twenty-five patients received a single bolus, 25 patients received an infusion, and 25 patients received a bolus followed by an infusion. Computer simulation was used to derive the central compartment concentration. The keo that brought about the same value for Ce at loss of the eyelash reflex using the three methods of injection was derived.

    RESULTS: Keo was found to be 0.80 min(-1). Mean (SD) Ce at loss of the eyelash reflex was 2.27 (0.69) microg ml(-1).

    CONCLUSIONS: The effect compartment equilibrium rate constant and concentration at loss of the eyelash reflex can be derived without the use of electronic central nervous system monitors.

    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  12. The contribution of adrenoceptor subtype(s) in the renal vasculature of diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats
    Armenia A, Munavvar AS, Abdullah NA, Helmi A, Johns EJ
    Br J Pharmacol, 2004 Jun;142(4):719-26.
    PMID: 15172958
    1. Diabetes and hypertension are both associated with an increased risk of renal disease and are associated with neuropathies, which can cause defective autonomic control of major organs including the kidney. This study aimed to examine the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtype(s) involved in mediating adrenergically induced renal vasoconstriction in a rat model of diabetes and hypertension. 2. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), 220-280 g, were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone 7-day poststreptozotocin (55 mg x kg(-1) i.p.) treatment. The reductions in renal blood flow (RBF) induced by increasing frequencies of electrical renal nerve stimulation (RNS), close intrarenal bolus doses of noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE) or methoxamine were determined before and after administration of nitrendipine (Nit), 5-methylurapidil (5-MeU), chloroethylclonidine (CEC) and BMY 7378. 3. In the nondiabetic SHR group, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 146+/-6 mmHg, RBF was 28.0+/-1.4 ml x min(-1) x kg(-1) and blood glucose was 112.3+/-4.7 mg x dl(-1), and in the diabetic SHR Group, MAP was 144+/-3 mmHg, RBF 26.9+/-1.3 ml(-1) min x kg(-1) and blood glucose 316.2+/-10.5 mg x dl(-1). Nit, 5-MeU and BMY 7378 blunted all the adrenergically induced renal vasoconstrictor responses in SHR and diabetic SHR by 25-35% (all P<0.05), but in diabetic rats the responses induced by RNS and NA treated with 5-MeU were not changed. By contrast, during the administration of CEC, vasoconstrictor responses to all agonists were enhanced by 20-25% (all P<0.05) in both the SHR and diabetic SHR. 4. These findings suggest that alpha(1A) and alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor subtypes contribute in mediating the adrenergically induced constriction of the renal vasculature in both the SHR and diabetic SHR. There was also an indication of a greater contribution of presynaptic adrenoceptors, that is, alpha(1B)-, and/or alpha(2)-subtypes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  13. Gemcitabine and carboplatin in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
    Leow CH, Liam CK
    Respirology, 2005 Nov;10(5):629-35.
    PMID: 16268917
    The aim of the study was to evaluate the response, survival advantage and toxicity profile of gemcitabine-carboplatin combination cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  14. Safety and efficacy of rapid dose administration of quetiapine in bipolar mania
    Hatim A, Habil H, Jesjeet SG, Low CC, Joseph J, Jambunathan ST, et al.
    Hum Psychopharmacol, 2006 Jul;21(5):313-8.
    PMID: 16856220
    In this open-label pilot study, 20 adult patients hospitalized for acute bipolar mania received oral quetiapine as a single evening dose of 200 mg on day 1, increased by 200 mg/day on days 2, 3, and 4 until 800 mg/day taken in 2 divided doses on day 4. From day 5 onward, patients received a flexible total dose of 400-800 mg/day until completion of 3 weeks of treatment. Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse-event (AE)-related dropouts in week 1, incidence of AEs including EPS, changes in electrocardiogram, and vital signs. Efficacy was assessed using the YMRS, PANSS, and CGI scales. Nineteen of 20 patients (95%) completed the quetiapine rapid titration during week 1. Significant improvement was observed in YMRS, PANSS, and CGI Severity of Illness scores by day 5, and was maintained throughout the study. A reduction of > or = 50% in YMRS score was achieved by 75% of patients by day 7, and maintained to day 21. Overall, 20% of patients discontinued due to AEs. Agitation was the most common cause of AE-related study discontinuation. Thirty-five per cent of patients required dose adjustment due to AEs after rapid dose administration was completed. Most patients tolerated rapid titration of quetiapine to 800 mg/day by day 4 of therapy, with a significant improvement in manic symptoms by day 7 of treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  15. Efficacy of pantoprazole 20 mg daily compared with esomeprazole 20 mg daily in the maintenance of healed gastroesophageal reflux disease: a randomized, double-blind comparative trial - the EMANCIPATE study
    Goh KL, Benamouzig R, Sander P, Schwan T, EMANCIPATE
    Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2007 Mar;19(3):205-11.
    PMID: 17301646
    To compare the efficacy and tolerability of pantoprazole 20 mg once daily with that of esomeprazole 20 mg once daily for 6 months as maintenance therapy in patients with previously healed gastroesophageal reflux disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  16. Splenic infarct as a diagnostic pitfall in radiology
    Joshi SC, Pant I, Shukla AN, Anshari MA
    J Cancer Res Ther, 2008 8 9;4(2):99-101.
    PMID: 18688130
    Follow-up of colorectal carcinoma after therapy is based on symptoms, tumor markers, and imaging studies. Clinicians sometimes face diagnostic dilemmas because of unusual presentations on the imaging modalities coupled with rising serum markers. We report a case of colorectal carcinoma that presented with gastrointestinal symptoms 14 months after completion of treatment. Investigations showed rise in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Suspecting disease recurrence, complete radioimaging workup was performed; the only abnormality detected was a smooth, hypodense area in the posterior third of the spleen on contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen. In view of the previous diagnosis of carcinoma colon, the symptoms reported by the patient, the elevated CEA, and the atypical CECT appearance, a diagnosis of splenic metastasis was made. The patient was subjected to splenectomy as a curative treatment. However, the histopathological report revealed it to be a splenic infarct. The present case reemphasizes the limitations of radiological studies in the follow-up of carcinoma colon.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  17. Cost-effectiveness of and satisfaction with a Helicobacter pylori "test and treat" strategy compared with prompt endoscopy in young Asians with dyspepsia
    Mahadeva S, Chia YC, Vinothini A, Mohazmi M, Goh KL
    Gut, 2008 Sep;57(9):1214-20.
    PMID: 18441005 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2007.147728
    To compare a Helicobacter pylori "test and treat" strategy with prompt endoscopy in young Asians with dyspepsia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  18. Fulltext Fentanyl pre-treatment alleviates pain during injection of propofol-lipuro premixed with lignocaine
    Ahmad N, Zanariah Y, Balan S
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Dec;63(5):431-3.
    PMID: 19803312
    We studied the effect of fentanyl pretreatment on alleviating pain during the injection of Propofol-Lipuro. One hundred and seventy patients were randomly allocated to receive either 100 mcg of intravenous fentanyl or normal saline (placebo) followed by intravenous Propofol-Lipuro premixed with 20 mg lignocaine. The incidence of injection pain was 32% and 13% in the placebo and fentanyl groups, respectively. We found a statistically significant reduction in incidence of injection pain in the fentanyl group when compared with the placebo group (p<0.003). The number needed to treat was 6 (3.2< 95% CI <15.1). In conclusion, fentanyl pretreatment is effective in alleviating pain during injection of Propofol-Lipuro.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  19. Oral and cutaneous lichenoid reaction with nail changes secondary to imatinib: report of a case and literature review
    Wahiduzzaman M, Pubalan M
    Dermatol. Online J., 2008;14(12):14.
    PMID: 19265627
    Imatinib mesylate--Gleevec (US), Glivec (worldwide), STI571--is an oral cancer drug that selectively inhibits several protein tyrosine kinases associated with human malignancy. The drug is used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and some other conditions. Treatment with imatinib is generally well tolerated but not without the risk of adverse effects. The risk of severe adverse events is low. Cutaneous side effects of this drug are common but muco-cutaneous lichenoid eruption with nail changes is very rare. We report a case of lichenoid eruption during imatinib therapy involving the skin, mucous membranes, and nails that cleared in spite of ongoing imatinib therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
  20. Fulltext An Asian regional analysis of cost-effectiveness of early irbesartan treatment versus conventional antihypertensive, late amlodipine, and late irbesartan treatments in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and nephropathy
    Annemans L, Demarteau N, Hu S, Lee TJ, Morad Z, Supaporn T, et al.
    Value Health, 2008 May-Jun;11(3):354-64.
    PMID: 17888064 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00250.x
    OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, often leading to diabetic nephropathy, has increased globally, especially in Asia. Irbesartan treatment delays the progression of kidney disease at the early (microalbuminuria) and late (proteinuria) stages of nephropathy in hypertensive type 2 diabetics. This treatment has proven to be cost-effective in Western countries. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of early irbesartan treatment in Asian settings.
    METHODS: An existing lifetime model was reprogrammed in Microsoft Excel to compare irbesartan started at an early stage to irbesartan or amlodipine started at a late stage, and standard treatments from a health-care perspective in China, Malaysia, Thailand, South Korea, and Taiwan. The main effectiveness parameters were incidences of end-stage renal disease, time in dialysis, and life expectancy. All costs were converted to 2004 US$ using official purchasing power parity. Local data were obtained for costs, transplantation,dialysis, and mortality rates. Probabilities regarding disease progression after treatment with the investigated drugs were extracted from two published clinical trials. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed.
    RESULTS: Early use of irbesartan yielded the largest clinical and economic benefits reducing need for dialysis by 61% to 63% versus the standard treatment, total costs by 9% (Thailand) to 42% (Taiwan), and increasing life expectancy by 0.31 to 0.48 years. Early irbesartan had a 66% (Thailand) to 95% (Taiwan) probability of being dominant over late irbesartan.
    CONCLUSION: Although the absolute results varied in different settings, reflecting differences in epidemiology, management, and costs, early irbesartan treatment was a cost-effective alternative in the Asian settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule
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