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Fulltext Introduction to metodology framework in research study: a case study

Ang, Kean Hua

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2016;1(1):17-23.
MyJurnal

This Methodology framework in research study smoothing the process of collecting data. Research
study is categorized into qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research refer to a studies
require careful observation, while quantitative research refers to a studies involve in statistics.
Qualitative and quantitative research study can be determined through primary and secondary data.
Primary data is defined as data that comes from original or the first source, while secondary data is
defined as data that has been collected by other researchers. Primary data can be categorized into
active and passive. Active primary data can be divided into direct interview (through face to face
between researcher and respondents) and interviewed indirectly (e.g. by phone, mail, technology),
while passive primary data involve with structured and secret characteristic, structured and open
characteristic, unstructured and secret characteristic, unstructured and open characteristic. Secondary
data involves with writing (journals, books, magazines, past records, reports and documents, internet, theses, short stories, newspaper), as well as vision and hearing (speeches, movies and videos, songs,
stories). Even secondary data has its advantages and disadvantages, but both secondary and primary
data are depend on each other in solving the society problems through the achievement of the
objectives or hyphotheses in a research study.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
Fulltext Pilot study on the effect of yasiin recitation on the haemodynamics of ventilated patients

Ariff, M.S., Mai Ashikin, N.T., Maryamjameelah, R., Bushra, J., Wan Azman, W.A.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2013;12(2):45-49.
MyJurnal

Qur’anic verses recitations to ill patients are practiced by many Muslims as a form of healing and worship. The effectiveness has been observed in many medical institutions; however, it has never been objectively measured and documented. This pilot study was conducted to construct a methodological approach to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Yasiin recitation on the haemodynamics of critically ill patients. Methods: Ventilated Muslim patients in coronary care unit of a teaching hospital were evaluated. Yasiin was recited twice; by one of the researchers and then by the patients’ relatives. Mean arterial blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation level and electrocardiographic changes, were observed. The difference of the parameters before and during recitation was analysed. Results: Five patients fulfilling the selection criteria were selected; two acute myocardial infarctions, two congestive cardiac failures, and a third-degree atrioventricular block. Based on a non-parametric two-related-sample test, the haemodynamic parameters were not significantly affected by Yaasiin recitation. At the end of the study, two of the patients passed away, one patient was extubated and survived. Two patients were still on ventilators when the study had been completed. Limitations in the study were observed and highlighted in explaining the equivocal results. Conclusions: The effect of Yasiin recitation on heamodynamics of patients was not proven in this study. Further refinements might be needed based upon the observation on limitations encountered. It is hoped that this humble effort would pave the way for further studies to explore this field.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
Fulltext Sample Size Calculation in Animal Studies Using Resource Equation Approach

Arifin WN, Zahiruddin WM

Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Oct;24(5):101-105.
PMID: 29386977 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.5.11

Animal research plays an important role in the pre-clinical phase of clinical trials. In animal studies, the power analysis approach to sample size calculation is recommended. Whenever it is not possible to assume the standard deviation and the effect size, an alternative to the power analysis approach is the 'resource equation' approach, which sets the acceptable range of the error degrees of freedom (DF) in an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The aim of this article is to guide researchers in calculating the minimum and maximum numbers of animals required in animal research by reformulating the error DF formulas.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
Understanding Clinical Significance in Rehabilitation: A Primer for Researchers and Clinicians

Armijo-Olivo S, de Castro-Carletti EM, Calixtre LB, de Oliveira-Souza AIS, Mohamad N, Fuentes J

Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2022 Jan 01;101(1):64-77.
PMID: 34091470 DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001799

The objective of this review was to summarize the concept of clinical significance and associated methods focusing on the area of rehabilitation to provide a resource to rehabilitation researchers and clinicians. Studies were searched on electronic databases from inception until July 28, 2020, with no date or language limits. Manual searches as well as Scopus forward citation for relevant references were performed. Narrative synthesis of study results was performed. Definitions of the concepts related to clinical significance, ways of calculating, and interpreting each method were provided using rehabilitation examples. An explanation of methods to evaluate clinical significance (distribution, anchor, and opinion-based methods) and their advantages and disadvantages were also provided. Considering the limitations of statistical significance in assuring meaningfulness of results, clinical interpretation of research outcomes and the report of clinical significance in intervention trials should be a priority in rehabilitation research. When possible, the use of multiple methods (distribution, anchor, and opinion based) is recommended. Thus, clinical researchers are encouraged to present results in a manner that allow the rehabilitation professionals to easily interpret and implement those results in their clinical practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
Fulltext Language structure in Kelantan's flood situation from the perspective of Speech Act

Aswadi Mohamad, Zaitul Azma Zainon Hamzah

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(3):17-25.
MyJurnal

This article focuses in structure of language within the village society in Manik Urai Kelantan during
the flood situation. The research was specifically to identify the structure of Speech Act use by the rural
community to give information about flood. Besides, this research observes the application of
linguistics methodology during flood situation using Speech Act Theory which is the categorization of
Speech Act by Searle (1969). This theory was choose for the ability to detail linguistic's differences
based on the structure of Speech Act categories such as representatives, directives, commissives,
expresives and declaratives. For the purpose of the research, a video about flood situation was choose
and transcribe to observe the the structure of speech act within the village society in the flood situation.
The result of the research shows all Speech Act have their structure. The beneficial of this research is as
a guideline and reference for the readers and language researchers especially those who were active
participant of volunteer field.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
Promoting Ethics and Integrity in Management Academic Research: Retraction Initiative

Ayodele FO, Yao L, Haron H

Sci Eng Ethics, 2019 04;25(2):357-382.
PMID: 29441445 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-017-9941-z

In the management academic research, academic advancement, job security, and the securing of research funds at one's university are judged mainly by one's output of publications in high impact journals. With bogus resumes filled with published journal articles, universities and other allied institutions are keen to recruit or sustain the appointment of such academics. This often places undue pressure on aspiring academics and on those already recruited to engage in research misconduct which often leads to research integrity. This structured review focuses on the ethics and integrity of management research through an analysis of retracted articles published from 2005 to 2016. The study employs a structured literature review methodology whereby retracted articles published between 2005 and 2016 in the field of management science were found using Crossref and Google Scholar. The searched articles were then streamlined by selecting articles based on their relevance and content in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Based on the analysed retracted articles, the study shows evidence of ethical misconduct among researchers of management science. Such misconduct includes data falsification, the duplication of submitted articles, plagiarism, data irregularity and incomplete citation practices. Interestingly, the analysed results indicate that the field of knowledge management includes the highest number of retracted articles, with plagiarism constituting the most significant ethical issue. Furthermore, the findings of this study show that ethical misconduct is not restricted to a particular geographic location; it occurs in numerous countries. In turn, avenues of further study on research misconduct in management research are proposed.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel/ethics*
Fulltext Non-compliance with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) among asthma patients in Yazd City, Iran

Azam Rahim, Maimaiti, Namaitijiag, Abuduli, Maihebureti, Zafar Ahmed

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2013;13(2):77-87.
MyJurnal

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. It is estimated that around 300 million people in the world currently have asthma. The prevalence of asthma is increasing in most of countries, especially among children. The burden of severe asthma is considerable high in the Middle East courtiers including Iran. This study to investigate the effect of patients' knowledge about Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS), attitude and health beliefs toward ICS, and behavioral intention to adhere to prescribed ICS in adult asthmatic patients in Yazd city, Iran. A cross sectional study was conducted from August 2008 to January 2009 in three private allergy and asthma clinics, located in Yazd city of Iran, using Structured face to face interviews using a questionnaire by the researcher. The results showed that the majority of patients (55.5%) were not adherent to their prescribed ICS. Patients’ knowledge toward ICS did not have effect on medication adherence behavior, while patients with positive attitude toward ICS were better adherent with their medication. Linear regression model identifies intention to comply with treatment and positive attitude toward ICS as predictors for adherence behavior. This study shows the relationship between medications beliefs, attitude, behavioral intention, and medication adherence. A better understanding of patient's medication beliefs, and attitude and their effect on compliance may help health care system to promote adherence.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
Fulltext Synthesis of jatropha curcas-based methyl ester and ethyl ester as biodiesel feedstocks

Azhari Muhammad Syam, Robiah Yunus, Tinia Idaty Mohd. Ghazi, Choong, Thomas Shean Yaw

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2012;20(1):165-173.
MyJurnal

Research on the use of Jatropha curcas triglycerides as biodiesel feedstock has received worldwide attention due to its inherent characteristics. Unlike palm oil, J. curcas oil is not edible, and thus, it will not disturb the food supply. However, to the researchers' experiences with the synthesis of J. curcas, oil-based biodiesel has shown that the fuel characteristics depend largely on the type of alcohol used as the excess reactants. Transesterification reaction is chosen for this process with sodium methoxide as the catalyst. Comparison studies on the yield of esters using methanol and ethanol, as well as the impacts on the reaction rate are discussed. The effects of reaction time and molar ratio on the reaction conversion are also examined. The determination of reaction yield is based on the conversion of triglycerides into alkyl esters as the main product. The findings are described as follows: the highest percentage yield of product is attained at 96% for methanol as an excess reactant, and this is 90% when ethanol is used. The optimum conditions of parameters are achieved at 6:1 molar ratio of alcohol to triglycerides, 50 min of reaction time and reaction temperature of 65°C for methanol and 75°C for ethanol. The biodiesel properties of both ester fuels were determined according to the existing standards for biodiesel and compared to the characteristics of diesel fuel.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
Fulltext Space medicine – the next frontier for the heart?

Balasingam, M.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2018;26(2):561-570.
MyJurnal

Researchers have in recent years pointed to microgravity as presenting a unique opportunity for better disease prevention and treatments. Spaceflight can induce many changes in human physiological systems. In particular, the cardiovascular system is especially affected by spaceflight due to changes at the cellular level. Endothelial cells are very sensitive to microgravity. Morphological and functional changes in endothelial cells have been extensively studied since they are believed to be the source of many cardiovascular diseases. Studies have also shown that endothelial cells play a key role in angiogenesis, which can be stimulated in a clinostat-induced microgravity environment. This is a review of studies, based on different research approaches, on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The myriad molecular cascades and signalling pathways involving gene regulation, proteins, inflammatory response activation, alteration of endothelial behaviour, and cell senescence are highlighted. Age-related disorders experienced on earth are very similar to the changes induced in space by microgravity. As we seek solutions to medical problems, the most innovative and beneficial at present are in space medicines and therapies.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
Fulltext Flat plate solar collectors and applications: a review

Bande, Y. M., Mariah, N. A.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2014;22(2):365-385.
MyJurnal

In this study, various methods and applications of flat plate solar collectors are discussed and pictorial representations are presented. Low temperature applications of flat plate collectors are identified in solar cooking, solar water heating, space and air heating, industrial heating plants and in agricultural produce drying processes. Basic equations, as presented by many researchers in the performances of flat plate collectors, are also presented. The review discusses the analysis of losses from flat plate collectors towards obtaining the overall heat loss coefficient which indicate the performance of flat plate collectors.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
Fulltext EpiNet as a way of involving more physicians and patients in epilepsy research: Validation study and accreditation process

Bergin PS, Beghi E, Sadleir LG, Brockington A, Tripathi M, Richardson MP, et al.

Epilepsia Open, 2017 Mar;2(1):20-31.
PMID: 29750210 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12033

Objective: EpiNet was established to encourage epilepsy research. EpiNet is used for multicenter cohort studies and investigator-led trials. Physicians must be accredited to recruit patients into trials. Here, we describe the accreditation process for the EpiNet-First trials.

Methods: Physicians with an interest in epilepsy were invited to assess 30 case scenarios to determine the following: whether patients have epilepsy; the nature of the seizures (generalized, focal); and the etiology. Information was presented in two steps for 23 cases. The EpiNet steering committee determined that 21 cases had epilepsy. The steering committee determined by consensus which responses were acceptable for each case. We chose a subset of 18 cases to accredit investigators for the EpiNet-First trials. We initially focused on 12 cases; to be accredited, investigators could not diagnose epilepsy in any case that the steering committee determined did not have epilepsy. If investigators were not accredited after assessing 12 cases, 6 further cases were considered. When assessing the 18 cases, investigators could be accredited if they diagnosed one of six nonepilepsy patients as having possible epilepsy but could make no other false-positive errors and could make only one error regarding seizure classification.

Results: Between December 2013 and December 2014, 189 physicians assessed the 30 cases. Agreement with the steering committee regarding the diagnosis at step 1 ranged from 47% to 100%, and improved when information regarding tests was provided at step 2. One hundred five of the 189 physicians (55%) were accredited for the EpiNet-First trials. The kappa value for diagnosis of epilepsy across all 30 cases for accredited physicians was 0.70.

Significance: We have established criteria for accrediting physicians using EpiNet. New investigators can be accredited by assessing 18 case scenarios. We encourage physicians with an interest in epilepsy to become EpiNet-accredited and to participate in these investigator-led clinical trials.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
Fulltext AVERT2 (a very early rehabilitation trial, a very effective reproductive trigger): retrospective observational analysis of the number of babies born to trial staff

Bernhardt J, Lindley RI, Lalor E, Ellery F, Chamberlain J, Van Holsteyn J, et al.

BMJ, 2015 Dec 11;351:h6432.
PMID: 26658193 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h6432

OBJECTIVE: To report the number of participants needed to recruit per baby born to trial staff during AVERT, a large international trial on acute stroke, and to describe trial management consequences.
DESIGN: Retrospective observational analysis.
SETTING: 56 acute stroke hospitals in eight countries.
PARTICIPANTS: 1074 trial physiotherapists, nurses, and other clinicians.
OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of babies born during trial recruitment per trial participant recruited.
RESULTS: With 198 site recruitment years and 2104 patients recruited during AVERT, 120 babies were born to trial staff. Births led to an estimated 10% loss in time to achieve recruitment. Parental leave was linked to six trial site closures. The number of participants needed to recruit per baby born was 17.5 (95% confidence interval 14.7 to 21.0); additional trial costs associated with each birth were estimated at 5736 Australian dollars on average.
CONCLUSION: The staff absences registered in AVERT owing to parental leave led to delayed trial recruitment and increased costs, and should be considered by trial investigators when planning research and estimating budgets. However, the celebration of new life became a highlight of the annual AVERT collaborators' meetings and helped maintain a cohesive collaborative group.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry no 12606000185561.
DISCLAIMER: Participation in a rehabilitation trial does not guarantee successful reproductive activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel/statistics & numerical data*
What Has Come out from Phytomedicines and Herbal Edibles for the Treatment of Cancer?

Bonam SR, Wu YS, Tunki L, Chellian R, Halmuthur MSK, Muller S, et al.

ChemMedChem, 2018 09 19;13(18):1854-1872.
PMID: 29927521 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800343

Several modern treatment strategies have been adopted to combat cancer with the aim of minimizing toxicity. Medicinal plant-based compounds with the potential to treat cancer have been widely studied in preclinical research and have elicited many innovations in cutting-edge clinical research. In parallel, researchers have eagerly tried to decrease the toxicity of current chemotherapeutic agents either by combining them with herbals or in using herbals alone. The aim of this article is to present an update of medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds, or mere changes in the bioactive compounds, along with herbal edibles, which display efficacy against diverse cancer cells and in anticancer therapy. It describes the basic mechanism(s) of action of phytochemicals used either alone or in combination therapy with other phytochemicals or herbal edibles. This review also highlights the remarkable synergistic effects that arise between certain herbals and chemotherapeutic agents used in oncology. The anticancer phytochemicals used in clinical research are also described; furthermore, we discuss our own experience related to semisynthetic derivatives, which are developed based on phytochemicals. Overall, this compilation is intended to facilitate research and development projects on phytopharmaceuticals for successful anticancer drug discovery.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
A Step-by-Step Process on Sample Size Determination for Medical Research

Bujang MA

Malays J Med Sci, 2021 Apr;28(2):15-27.
PMID: 33958957 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.2.2

Determination of a minimum sample size required for a study is a major consideration which all researchers are confronted with at the early stage of developing a research protocol. This is because the researcher will need to have a sound prerequisite knowledge of inferential statistics in order to enable him/her to acquire a thorough understanding of the overall concept of a minimum sample size requirement and its estimation. Besides type I error and power of the study, some estimates for effect sizes will also need to be determined in the process to calculate or estimate the sample size. The appropriateness in calculating or estimating the sample size will enable the researchers to better plan their study especially pertaining to recruitment of subjects. To facilitate a researcher in estimating the appropriate sample size for their study, this article provides some recommendations for researchers on how to determine the appropriate sample size for their studies. In addition, several issues related to sample size determination were also discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
Young scientists in Malaysia have made integrity training fun and relevant

Chau DM

Nature, 2020 11;587(7832):9.
PMID: 33144704 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-020-03082-x
Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel/education*; Research Personnel/ethics*
Fulltext Multi-format information fusion through integrated metadata using hybrid ontology for disaster management

Che Mustapha Yusuf, J., Mohd Su’ud, M., Boursier, P., Muhammad, A.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2013;21(1):217-226.
MyJurnal

Finding relevant disaster data from a huge metadata overhead often results in frustrating search
experiences caused by unclear access points, ambiguous search methods, unsuitable metadata, and long response times. More frequently, semantic relation between the retrieved objects is neglected. This paper presents a system architecture that makes use of ontologies in order to enable semantic metadata descriptions for gathering and integrating multi-format documents in the context of disaster management. After a brief discussion on the challenges of the integration process, the Multi-format Information Retrieval, Integration and Presentation (MIRIP) architecture is presented. A specific approach for ontology development and mapping process is introduced in order to semantically associate user’s query and documents metadata. An ontology model approach was designed to follow inspirational and collaborative approaches with top-down to bottom-up implementation. A prototype of the integrated disaster management information system is currently under development, based on the architecture that is presented in this paper.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
Fulltext Meal replacement in dietary management of type-2 diabetes mellitus: a scoping review protocol

Chen LL, Mat Ludin AF, Shahar S, Manaf ZA, Tohit NM

Syst Rev, 2020 Nov 23;9(1):265.
PMID: 33228765 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01517-0

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing globally. Without proper management, T2DM can develop into serious complications and even death. Diet modification is one of the most effective tools in managing T2DM at the early stage, but it requires knowledge and compliance from the patients. Thus, meal replacement (MR) has gained its popularity as a tool for diet modification to improve glycemic control and also reducing weight in T2DM patients. There are several existing meal replacement studies but not much is known on the general scope and effect of these existing MRs. Hence, this review is aimed to provide an overview of the existing evidences regarding the application of meal replacement on T2DM patients and identify the gaps or limitations in the studies.
METHODOLOGY: The scoping review will be carried out in six stages: (1) identifying the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies through electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Reviews, Google Scholar, EBSCOHOST, Science Direct) and also gray literature, and (3) selection of studies to be included based on inclusion criteria. Search and initial screening of studies to be included will be conducted by two independent reviewers. Discrepancies will then be solved through discussion with other reviewers; (4) charting and categorizing extracted data in a pretested data extraction form; (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results; and lastly, (6) conducting consultation with stakeholders and experts in diabetes.
DISCUSSION: This scoping review protocol is aimed to provide a framework enabling us to map and summarize the findings from existing studies involving meal replacement. It will help researchers to identify the research gap and provide recommendations for future meal replacement studies. The results from this scoping review will be useful to various stakeholders in healthcare. It is also part of a research project in which the information obtained will be utilized in a clinical trial of a developed meal replacement plan. Dissemination of knowledge will also be done through presentations at related scientific conferences.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
A proposal for a legally enforceable no-fault compensation framework for clinical trial-related injury in Malaysia

Chin WK, Thuraisingam AS, Kanagasabapathy S

Account Res, 2021 May 05.
PMID: 33857400 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2021.1917397

Clinical trials play a critical role in the development of life-enhancing and life-sustaining biomedical advances. It is costly and, regardless of how well-designed and ethically conducted, there are always inherent uncertainties which subsequently expose human participants to the risk of injuries or even death. In Malaysia, compensation for clinical trial-related injury has not been incorporated into standard national regulations or policies. Therefore, when clinical trial-related injuries do occur, such participants cannot be compensated by researchers, and with the absence of specific statutory laws governing trial-related injury within the local legal framework, aggrieved parties need to seek legal redress and can only depend on the existing tort laws. To propose a viable compensation framework, the existing compensation regulations and policies implemented in India and South Africa are analyzed, and their best principles have been recommended. This study proposes the implementation of a no-fault compensation framework in Malaysia which should be disbursed efficiently at minimum administrative cost. This proposed approach should be mandated by the amendment of current laws governing biomedical research and, in the interim, should be adopted voluntarily by research sponsors, institutions and investigators conducting clinical trials in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
Fulltext Transfection types, methods and strategies: a technical review

Chong ZX, Yeap SK, Ho WY

PeerJ, 2021;9:e11165.
PMID: 33976969 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11165

Transfection is a modern and powerful method used to insert foreign nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. The ability to modify host cells' genetic content enables the broad application of this process in studying normal cellular processes, disease molecular mechanism and gene therapeutic effect. In this review, we summarized and compared the findings from various reported literature on the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of various transfection methods, type of transfected nucleic acids, transfection controls and approaches to assess transfection efficiency. With the vast choices of approaches available, we hope that this review will help researchers, especially those new to the field, in their decision making over the transfection protocol or strategy appropriate for their experimental aims.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
Performance measures of strategic university-industry collaborations in Malaysia: dyadic multicases approach

Chong, Aik Lee, Sakaria Abas, Yee, Angelina Seow Voon

CREAM : Current Research in Malaysia (Penyelidikan Terkini di Malaysia), 2013;2(1):5-24.
MyJurnal

Collaboration without performance measures is likened to a football game without a scoreboard. Traditionally, universities have operated in isolation industry and vice versa. University and industry were formed with different agenda and objectives. Fundamentally, a university is a nonprofit oriented organisation while industry is profit oriented. However, industrialisation and egalitarian awakening in the early 20'" century gradually brought university and industry together. Currently, university and industry are increasingly seeking avenues to collaborate strategically. Nevertheless, 50% to 70% of collaborative efforts fail prematurely due to the lack of performance measures. In light of that, there is a need to search for a set of holistic performance measures. Therefore, this study is undertaken to determine the performance measures of strategic university industry collaborations in Malaysia using dyadic multicases approach. The researcher analyses multiple cases from the perspectives of university and industry within a bounded system via qualitative research methodology. Interviews respondents were from university and industry. From the 68 interviews conducted, university and industry respondents shared their experiences on the need for performance measures to include trust, commitment, enterprise, communication, complementary, flexibility, commercialisation and resources on top of conventional performance measures like agreed objectives, timelines, financial indicators and reporting. With that, a set of holistic performance measures is established from interviews. The main contributions of the research findings are: (i) to policy-making for the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia; and (ii) to the body of knowledge in investigating the performance measures in satisfactory performance of strategic university-industry collaboration.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel

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