Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 101 in total

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  1. Molar incisor hypomineralisation: current knowledge and practice
    Rodd HD, Graham A, Tajmehr N, Timms L, Hasmun N
    Int Dent J, 2020 Oct 08.
    PMID: 33031573 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12624
    BACKGROUND: Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a common developmental dental condition that presents in childhood. Areas of poorly formed enamel affect one or more first permanent molars and can cause opacities on the anterior teeth. MIH presents a variety of challenges for the dental team as well as functional and social impacts for affected children.

    OBJECTIVES: Here, we provide an up-to-date review of the epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis and clinical management of MIH.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the contemporary basic science and clinical literature, relating to MIH, was undertaken using information obtained (up to 10 April 2020) from the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library.

    RESULTS: There is a growing body of evidence relating to the aetiology, presentation and clinical management of MIH. Current knowledge appears to be focused on potential genetic aspects, as well as the development and validation of indices for the diagnosis and management of MIH. There has also been increasing recognition of the global and individual burden of this common condition.

    CONCLUSIONS: Dental health professionals should regularly appraise the basic science and clinical MIH literature to ensure that they provide the best possible short- and long-term care for their young patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change
  2. Fulltext Towards improved construction waste management: A review on the issues, challenges and the need of the supply chain management mechanisms in residential housing development in Malaysia
    M.N.N. Husna, R.M.R. Ahmad, R.E. Intan, C.H. Asmawati
    ASM Science Journal, 2013;7(1):59-66.
    MyJurnal
    Throughout the years, the construction industry has made an important contribution to the Malaysian economy. Moreover, the Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006–2010) has also played a significant role in the demands of executing major residential housing project developments where it has been observed that construction waste was one of the priority waste streams. Due to the increasing number in the population that is actively involved in economic activities, and the modernization of the country, the types of construction waste that are being produced, and identifying the source such as waste are becoming more complex. Therefore, appropriate actions and approaches are needed to be taken with respect to its effective management in handling the solid waste from construction sites. This paper is intended to review the issues and the challenges enclosed within the supply chain management mechanisms in order for improving construction waste management. Throughout this review, useful information and better understanding concerning the current issues, challenges and the supply chain management mechanisms would be made inclusive in the field to be explored. The findings would also assist in improving the quality and awareness on the construction waste management that is being practiced.
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change
  3. Fulltext Use of structured portfolio in surgical training of postgraduate medical education
    Hassan S
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2011;3(2):32-43.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Reflection on the process of learning is an essential ingredient in transforming novice into expert learners. Learning to compile portfolio encourages reflective skills, which help students to work systemically in translating metacognition into self-regulatory control in order to adjust their action and monitor their learning objectives. Introducing to compile portfolio in the early years of postgraduate training is an effective tool to stimulate students’ reflective abilities. Reflective learners are better motivated than the conventional learners to take the responsibilities as researcher in future. Reflective skills achieve both learning in right direction and learning for whole life. However, use of formal methods of reflective portfolio to monitor the learning objectives is an uncommon practice in postgraduate training, primarily due to intensive time and labor required. Challenged with those constraints in Master’s of Surgery Program of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery in School of Medical Sciences at Universiti Sains Malaysia, a structured self-reflective portfolio was introduced to determine its feasibility and acceptance among supervisors and trainees. Portfolio was practiced as one of the tool for formative assessment and for making recommendations to certify independent thyroid surgery allowed to practice in future. Methodology: A self-reflective structured portfolio was introduced to monitor the learning objectives in trainees of 2007 cohort, using a model as "mentor-system for authentic and structured learning with self-reflective assessment" (MASSRA). Initially a semi-structured portfolio comprising of 12 items and guidelines to compile a portfolio was followed by a structured format in training of thyroid module in sub-specialty of Head and Neck Surgery. Mentoring was organized by putting one-mentor verses 9 students to provide general pastoral guidance to compile portfolio as two entries a year. Mentors held the counseling session with student twice a year after evaluating the portfolios to monitor their progress. Besides, candidates were also observed for their performance in thyroid surgery during a 4-years training program. Those identified with problems for their level of training were referred to "Joint Committee for Surgical Training" comprising of 3 supervisors from Head and Neck Surgery Sub-specialty and a chairman supposedly the head of the department. 7 randomly selected students were also interviewed for direct feedback to evaluate this model. Result: 28 trainees at different level of their training compiled a self-reflection structured portfolio minimum twice a year with instructional feedback from the mentor, which was used as a tract for their personal development plan (produced by each trainee) for training in thyroid surgery. Initial analysis of portfolio revealed interesting feedback from the trainees reflecting on their knowledge, surgical skills and attitude towards thyroid surgery seen in tables 2-4. Conclusion: Self-reflections about each structured items in portfolio-helped trainees to identify their problems, seek mentors guidance and work systemically to help adjust their actions by revising learning objectives. Though time and labor intensive, portfolio was rated as feasible and practical.
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change
  4. Fulltext Problems in the Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM) and its effects on Malaysia's national defense policy
    Mohamad Faisol Keling, Mohamad Hanapi Mohamad
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2016;1(3):66-82.
    MyJurnal
    Logistics development of Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM) involving the Malaysian Army (TDM),
    Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) and Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) have been developed since
    1957. Since the 1990s, ATM has been through the process of modernization which is can seen through
    the rapid and strong capabilities in logistics aspect. Defense policy development has involved the
    development of the logistical aspects of ATM. Purchasing of defense equipments such as the most
    modern warship in Armed Force in 1990, Scorpene submarines, fighter aircraft which is used by the
    developed countries such as the MiG-29, FA/18 Hornet and Sukhoi 30MKM, battle tanks from Poland
    and so on with the transfer package technology is essential to ensure that the principle of self-reliance
    defense ATM can be achieved. This process has force the government to allocate a large amount of
    money in providing modern logistics equipments so it can be used to the maximum by the defense forces. In fact, the development of the defense and Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM) also growing
    along with the development of technology, defense policy, doctrine of current world logistics. However
    the logistics development has raised questions because of the capabilty of logistic and Malaysian
    Armed Forces (ATM) itself which are caused various accidents and issues affecting ATM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change
  5. Fulltext Conceptualizing a Sustainable Food System in an Automated World: Toward a "Eudaimonian" Future
    Shepon A, Henriksson PJG, Wu T
    Front Nutr, 2018;5:104.
    PMID: 30456214 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00104
    The industrialized world has entered a new era of widespread automation, and although this may create long-term gains in economic productivity and wealth accumulation, many professions are expected to disappear during the ensuing shift, leading to potentially significant disruptions in labor markets and associated socioeconomic difficulties. Food production, like many other industrial sectors, has also undergone a century of mechanization, having moved toward increasingly large-scale monoculture production-especially in developed economies-with higher yields but detrimental environmental impacts on a global scale. Certain characteristics of the food sector and its products cast doubts on whether future automation will influence it in the same ways as in other sectors. We conceptualize a model of future food production within the socioeconomic conditions created by widespread automation. We ideate that despite immediate shocks to the economy, in the long run higher productivity can free up human activity to be channeled toward more interactive, skill-intensive food production systems, where communal efforts can reduce industrial reliance, diversify farming, and reconnect people to the biosphere-a realization of human well-being that resembles the classical philosophical ideal of Eudaimonia. We explore food production concepts, such as communal gardens and polyculture, and the economic conditions and institutions needed to underwrite them [e.g., a universal basic income (UBI)]. However, arguments can be raised as to why social-ecological systems would benefit from more labor-intensive food production. In this paper we: (1) discuss the current state of the food system and the need to reform it in light of its environmental and social impacts; (2) present automation as a lever that could move society toward more sustainable food production; (3) highlight the beneficial attributes of a Eudaimonian model; and (4) discuss the potential challenges to its implementation. Our purpose is to highlight a possible outcome that future research will need to refine and expand based on evidence and successful case studies. The ultimate aim is to promote a food system that can provide food security while staying within the safe operating space of planetary boundaries, produce more nutritious diets, enhance social capital, and reconnect communities with the biosphere.
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change
  6. Horizon Scan of the Belt and Road Initiative
    Hughes AC, Lechner AM, Chitov A, Horstmann A, Hinsley A, Tritto A, et al.
    Trends Ecol Evol, 2020 Jul;35(7):583-593.
    PMID: 32521242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.02.005
    The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) represents the largest infrastructure and development project in human history, and presents risks and opportunities for ecosystems, economies, and communities. Some risks (habitat fragmentation, roadkill) are obvious, however, many of the BRI's largest challenges for development and conservation are not obvious and require extensive consideration to identify. In this first BRI Horizon Scan, we identify 11 frontier issues that may have large environmental and social impacts but are not yet recognised. More generally, the BRI will increase China's participation in international environmental governance. Thus, new cooperative modes of governance are needed to balance geopolitical, societal, and environmental interests. Upgrading and standardising global environmental standards is essential to safeguard ecological systems and human societies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change
  7. Schools Closures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Catastrophic Global Situation
    Buonsenso D, Roland D, De Rose C, Vásquez-Hoyos P, Ramly B, Chakakala-Chaziya JN, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2021 Apr 01;40(4):e146-e150.
    PMID: 33464019 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003052
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change
  8. Solidarity by demand? Exit and voice in international medical travel - the case of Indonesia
    Ormond M
    Soc Sci Med, 2015 Jan;124:305-12.
    PMID: 24947552 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.06.007
    Globally, more patients are intentionally travelling abroad as consumers for medical care. However, while scholars have begun to examine international medical travel's (IMT) impacts on the people and places that receive medical travellers, study of its impacts on medical travellers' home contexts has been negligible and largely speculative. While proponents praise IMT's potential to make home health systems more responsive to the needs of market-savvy healthcare consumers, critics identify it as a way to further de-politicise the satisfaction of healthcare needs. This article draws from work on political consumerism, health advocacy and social movements to argue for a reframing of IMT not as a 'one-off' statement about or an event external to struggles over access, rights and recognition within medical travellers' home health systems but rather as one of a range of critical forms of on-going engagement embedded within these struggles. To do this, the limited extant empirical work addressing domestic impacts of IMT is reviewed and a case study of Indonesian medical travel to Malaysia is presented. The case study material draws from 85 interviews undertaken in 2007-08 and 2012 with Indonesian and Malaysian respondents involved in IMT as care recipients, formal and informal care-providers, intermediaries, promoters and policy-makers. Evidence from the review and case study suggests that IMT may effect political and social change within medical travellers' home contexts at micro and macro levels by altering the perspectives, habits, expectations and accountability of, and complicity among, medical travellers, their families, communities, formal and informal intermediaries, and medical providers both within and beyond the container of the nation-state. Impacts are conditioned by the ideological foundations underpinning home political and social systems, the status of a medical traveller's ailment or therapy, and the existence of organised support for recognition and management of these in the home context.
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change*
  9. The nutrition and health transition in Malaysia
    Noor MI
    Public Health Nutr, 2002 Feb;5(1A):191-5.
    PMID: 12027284
    The accelerated phase of industrialisation and urbanisation in recent decades has inevitably brought about changes in the lifestyle of Malaysians. Changes in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles are known to be associated with changes in health and increased prevalence of chronic diseases in the population. The objective of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the link between demographic variables and food consumption patterns related to the nutrition transition in Malaysia. This review uses various reports and publications from several ministries and selected local studies. The statistics compiled over the last two decades have shown that as the population achieves affluence, intakes of calories, fats and sugars increase, which may account for the substantial increase in food importation bills over the same period. Similarly, the rapid growth of the fast food industry during the last decade has added another dimension to the change in food consumption patterns of Malaysians. With the exception of a study on adolescents, the prevalences of overweight and obesity in children and adults are not strictly comparable due to the difference in body mass index (BMI) cut-off points in children and the study protocol in adults, and hence should not be misinterpreted as trends. The recent recommendation to lower the BMI cut-off points for Asians would only increase the magnitude of the existing prevalence among adults. The need to promote healthy nutrition for the population must be pursued vigorously, as the escalation of nutrition-related chronic degenerative diseases - once an urban phenomenon--has now spread to the rural population at an alarming rate. This paper indicates that the problem is real and needs urgent attention because it may be just the tip of the iceberg.
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change*
  10. Mental health in Asia: social improvements and challenges
    Tseng WS, Ebata K, Kim KI, Krahl W, Kua EH, Lu Q, et al.
    Int J Soc Psychiatry, 2001;47(1):8-23.
    PMID: 11322408
    Remarkable improvements in economic conditions and a considerable upgrade in the quality of life have been observed in many parts of Asia during the past several decades. At the same time, many mental health challenges face the people of Asia. Various social mental health indexes are reviewed here, with available data from China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, and other Asian societies. The data are compared with data from the United States, Australia in the Pacific Rim, and some other Western countries to examine patterns of similarity or difference between East and West in the process of modernization. Common trends in mental health issues associated with rapid sociocultural change observed in different Asian societies are discussed, as well as the relative shortage of mental health personnel available in many Asian societies. It is emphasized that, in addition to expanding psychiatric services, there is an even more urgent need to promote mental health knowledge and concern through education in the general population. Mental health needs to be cultivated and maintained by social forces and cultural strengths. It is stressed that there is a challenge for Asian people to advance mental health beyond economic development in the 21st century.
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change*
  11. Future health: coping with change
    Zaini A, Nayan NF
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2002;14(1):44-6.
    PMID: 12597518 DOI: 10.1177/101053950201400110
    WHO's Declaration of the "Health for All" (HFA) goal was pronounced in 1978 in Alma Ata, and it was planned that HFA would be achieved through primary health care programmes and approaches by 2000. However, it is now 2002 and despite the technological advancements in medicine, science, and ICT, Health for All is far from reality. Instead, more and more conflicts are emerging with lethal consequences, such as, bioterrorism, biological agent abuse, global-terrorism, and environmental destruction is occurring at a greater scale that we have witnessed before. We may have the latest technology and knowledge today, but ironically, we are using them to inflict more suffering and pain in the world. In the Asia-Pacific, the past 30 years has seen dramatic advancement and lifestyle changes. We are now paying a high price for such progress in terms of risk factors to the health of the population, such as, ageing diseases, obesity, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and related conditions. The social, political, economic and environmental factors appeared to have deterred and negated WHO's HFA goal to attain basic human rights and health care for all. The HFA will not be achieved in the future if we do not learn from history and start taking measures now.
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change*
  12. Feminism in Malaysia: a historical and present perspective of women's struggles in Malaysia
    Ariffen R
    Womens Stud Int Forum, 1999;22(4):417-23.
    PMID: 22593983
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change/history
  13. Women's rights: eternal principles, changing forms
    Asiaweek, 1993 Nov 17.
    PMID: 12287494
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change*
  14. Age at marriage is rising for Asian women and men, according to new data
    Greenspan A
    Asia Pac Pop Policy, 1992 Sep.
    PMID: 12285807
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change*
  15. [[Multihouseholdcompounds in a Malay village in Kelantan, 1971-1991]]
    Tsubouchi Y
    Tonan Ajia Kenkyu, 1993 Jun;31(1):3-17.
    PMID: 12157851
    The author describes changes in the size and characteristics of multiple-household compounds in Kelantan, Malaysia, during the period 1971-1991. It is found that "in Malay villages, multihouseholdcompounds were in earlier times...based on a bilateral residence rule in which one or more children, either male or female, would stay in the compound of their parents....A recent trend has been for more females to remain in the parental compound than males, reflecting the orientation toward independence among the males." (SUMMARY IN ENG)
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change*
  16. Malay divorce in Peninsular Malaysia: the near-disappearance of an institution
    Tan PC, Jones GW
    Southeast Asian J Soc Sci, 1990;18(2):85-114.
    PMID: 12317142
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change*
  17. Transitional society, health status and international migration of Muslim villagers in the lower part of southern Thailand
    Chongsuvivatwong V, Mo-Suwan L, Mahahing P
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1990 Sep;21(3):442-6.
    PMID: 2075485
    A survey was carried out in a Malay-speaking Muslim community in southern Thailand to obtain baseline data for planning of long term multidisciplinary research and development. By using a 30-cluster sampling technique, 210 households of 1,308 subjects were studied in the post-Ramadan period. It was found that the community was in a social transition. The crude birth rate was 4% and 37.6% of the households had at least one migrant. About half of these migrants had been to Malaysia and mainly worked in rubber plantations. Ninety-five per cent of the households had electricity whereas only 23.8% had a latrine. Boiled or rain water was regularly drunk in only 13.3 per cent of the households. Home-grown agricultural products were not sufficient to provide adequate food. Twenty-six per cent of the adults were unemployed and 24.6% were illiterate. Of the pregnancies 26.7% had no antenatal care and complete tetanus toxoid was given to only 27.8%. Traditional birth attendants conducted 81.1% of the deliveries and only 28.9 and 24.4% of the umbilical cords were correctly cut and correctly dressed, respectively. Breast feeding was still a common (87.8%) practice. However, complete immunization was given to only 10.8%, and 37.8% of the infants had at least one diarrheal episode in the previous month. It was concluded that high birth rate, high migration, low education, low income and bad health of infants are major problems. These problems were interlinked and needed a special multidisciplinary approach. In addition to common obstacles for routine health delivery, migration may create international complications, particularly related to maternal and child care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change*
  18. Towards a better life for the young workers. An education project in Malaysia
    Knutsen K
    Concern (Anaheim), 1978 Jun.
    PMID: 12338965
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change*
  19. Proceedings: Cultural conflict and transition: epidemic hysteria and social sanction
    Teoh JI, Yeoh KL
    Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 1973 Dec;7(4):283-95.
    PMID: 4522945
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change*
  20. Fulltext The impact of a prevention delivery system on perceived social capital: the PROSPER project
    Chilenski SM, Ang PM, Greenberg MT, Feinberg ME, Spoth R
    Prev Sci, 2014 Apr;15(2):125-137.
    PMID: 23404665 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-012-0347-5
    The current study examined the impact of the PROSPER delivery system for evidence-based prevention programs on multiple indicators of social capital in a rural and semi-rural community sample. Utilizing a randomized blocked design, 317 individuals in 28 communities across two states were interviewed at three time points over the course of 2.5 years. Bridging, linking, and the public life skills forms of social capital were assessed via community members' and leaders' reports on the perceptions of school functioning and the Cooperative Extension System, collaboration among organizations, communication and collaboration around youth problems, and other measures. Longitudinal mixed model results indicate significant improvements in some aspects of bridging and linking social capital in PROSPER intervention communities. Given the strength of the longitudinal and randomized research design, results advance prevention science by suggesting that community collaborative prevention initiatives can significantly impact community social capital in a rural and semi-rural sample. Future research should further investigate changes in social capital in different contexts and how changes in social capital relate to other intervention effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Change*
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