Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 47 in total

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  1. Fulltext Characterisation of the binding properties of Bacillus thuringiensis 18 toxin on leukaemic cells
    Wong RS, Mohamed SM, Nadarajah VD, Tengku IA
    J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2010;29:86.
    PMID: 20591169 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-86
    Various strains of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been found to produce parasporal proteins that are cytotoxic to human cancer cells. This study aims to establish the binding affinity of purified Bt 18 toxin for CEM-SS (T lymphoblastic leukaemia cell line), to determine if competition exists between the toxin and commercial anticancer drugs for the binding site on CEM-SS and to localise the binding site of the toxin on CEM-SS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes/drug effects
  2. Appraisal of immunomodulatory potential of Spirulina fusiformis: an in vivo and in vitro study
    Rasool M, Sabina EP
    J Nat Med, 2009 Apr;63(2):169-75.
    PMID: 19093070 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-008-0308-2
    In recent years, Spirulina has gained more and more attention from medical scientists as a nutraceutical and a source of potential pharmaceuticals. The present study was conducted to elucidate the immunomodulatory effect of Spirulina fusiformis (a cyanobacterium of the family Oscillatoriaceae) in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo effect of S. fusiformis (400 or 800 mg/kg body wt.) on humoral immune response, cell-mediated immune response and tumour necrosis factor alpha was investigated in mice. We also evaluated the effect of S. fusiformis (50 or 100 microg/ml) in vitro on mitogen (phytohaemagglutinin)-induced T lymphocyte proliferation in heparinized human peripheral blood. For comparison, dexamethasone was used as a standard. In mice, S. fusiformis (400 or 800 mg/kg body wt.) administration significantly inhibited the humoral immune response, cell-mediated immune response (delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH)) and tumour necrosis factor alpha in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro, S. fusiformis (50 or 100 microg/ml) decreased the mitogen (phytohaemagglutinin)-induced T lymphocyte proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner when compared with control cells. These observations clearly suggest that S. fusiformis has a remarkable immunosuppressive effect, which provides a scientific validation for the popular use of this drug, and helped us in further work on investigating its complete mechanism of action.
    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes/drug effects*
  3. Fulltext Effects of chalcone derivatives on players of the immune system
    Lee JS, Bukhari SN, Fauzi NM
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2015;9:4761-78.
    PMID: 26316713 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S86242
    The immune system is the defense mechanism in living organisms that protects against the invasion of foreign materials, microorganisms, and pathogens. It involves multiple organs and tissues in human body, such as lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. However, the execution of immune activities depends on a number of specific cell types, such as B cells, T cells, macrophages, and granulocytes, which provide various immune responses against pathogens. In addition to normal physiological functions, abnormal proliferation, migration, and differentiation of these cells (in response to various chemical stimuli produced by invading pathogens) have been associated with several pathological disorders. The unwanted conditions related to these cells have made them prominent targets in the development of new therapeutic interventions against various pathological implications, such as atherosclerosis and autoimmune diseases. Chalcone derivatives exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as immunomodulation, as well as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties. Many studies have been conducted to determine their inhibitory or stimulatory activities in immune cells, and the findings are of significance to provide a new direction for subsequent research. This review highlights the effects of chalcone derivatives in different types of immune cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes/drug effects
  4. Synthetic indole Mannich bases: Their ability to modulate in vitro cellular immunity
    Mesaik MA, Khan KM, Rahim F, Taha M, Haider SM, Perveen S, et al.
    Bioorg Chem, 2015 Jun;60:118-22.
    PMID: 26000491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.05.003
    The synthetic indole Mannich bases 1-13 have been investigated for their ability to modulate immune responses measured in vitro. These activities were based on monitoring their affects on T-lymphocyte proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), IL (interleukin)-2, IL-4, and nitric oxide production. Compound 5 was found to be the most potent immunomodulator in this context. Four of the synthesized compounds, 5, 11, 12, and 13, have significant potent inhibitory effects on T-cell proliferation, IL-4, and nitric oxide production. However, none of the thirteen indole compounds exerted any activity against ROS production.
    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
  5. Inhibition of tumour promotion by various palm-oil tocotrienols
    Goh SH, Hew NF, Norhanom AW, Yadav M
    Int J Cancer, 1994 May 15;57(4):529-31.
    PMID: 8181855
    Inhibition of tumour promotion by various vitamin E compounds (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and some of their dimers was examined by an in vitro assay utilizing the activation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early antigen (EA) expression in EBV-genome-carrying human lymphoblastoid cells. The results reveal that gamma- and delta-tocotrienols derived from palm oil exhibit a strong activity against tumour promotion by inhibiting EBV EA expression in Raji cells induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). However, alpha- and gamma-tocopherols and dimers of gamma-tocotrienol or gamma-tocopherol lack this activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes/drug effects
  6. Application of Ti3 C2 MXene Quantum Dots for Immunomodulation and Regenerative Medicine
    Rafieerad A, Yan W, Sequiera GL, Sareen N, Abu-El-Rub E, Moudgil M, et al.
    Adv Healthc Mater, 2019 08;8(16):e1900569.
    PMID: 31265217 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900569
    Inflammation is tightly linked to tissue injury. In regenerative medicine, immune activation plays a key role in rejection of transplanted stem cells and reduces the efficacy of stem cell therapies. Next-generation smart biomaterials are reported to possess multiple biologic properties for tissue repair. Here, the first use of 0D titanium carbide (Ti3 C2 ) MXene quantum dots (MQDs) for immunomodulation is presented with the goal of enhancing material-based tissue repair after injury. MQDs possess intrinsic immunomodulatory properties and selectively reduce activation of human CD4+ IFN-γ+ T-lymphocytes (control 87.1 ± 2.0%, MQDs 68.3 ± 5.4%) while promoting expansion of immunosuppressive CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells (control 5.5 ± 0.7%, MQDs 8.5 ± 0.8%) in a stimulated lymphocyte population. Furthermore, MQDs are biocompatible with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived fibroblasts. Finally, Ti3 C2 MQDs are incorporated into a chitosan-based hydrogel to create a 3D platform with enhanced physicochemical properties for stem cell delivery and tissue repair. This composite hydrogel demonstrates increased conductivity while maintaining injectability and thermosensitivity. These findings suggest that this new class of biomaterials may help bridge the translational gap in material and stem cell-based therapies for tissue repair and treatment of inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
  7. Proteomic analysis reveals that treatment with tocotrienols reverses the effect of H₂O₂ exposure on peroxiredoxin expression in human lymphocytes from young and old individuals
    Dahlan HM, Karsani SA, Rahman MA, Hamid NA, Top AG, Ngah WZ
    J Nutr Biochem, 2012 Jul;23(7):741-51.
    PMID: 21840697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.03.018
    Vitamin E has been suggested to modulate age-associated changes by altering the redox balance resulting in altered gene and/or protein expression. Here we have utilized proteomics to determine whether such regulation in protein expression occurs in human lymphocytes from two different age groups stressed with H₂O₂ and then treated with vitamin E in the form of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF). In this study, lymphocytes obtained from young (30-49 years old) and old (>50 years old) volunteers were first challenged with 1 mM H₂O₂. They were then treated by exposure to 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml TRF. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight) tandem mass spectrometry was then performed on whole-cell protein extracts to identify proteins that have changed in expression. A total of 24 proteins were found to be affected by H₂O₂ and/or TRF treatment. These included proteins that were related to metabolism, antioxidants, structural proteins, protein degradation and signal transduction. Of particular interest was the regulation of a number of proteins involved in stress response--peroxiredoxin-2, peroxiredoxin-3 and peroxiredoxin-6-all of which were shown to be down-regulated with H₂O₂ exposure. The effect was reversed following TRF treatment. The expression of peroxiredoxin-2 and peroxiredoxin-6 was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. These results suggested that TRF directly influenced the expression dynamics of the peroxiredoxin-2, thus improving the cells ability to resist damage caused by oxidative stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes/drug effects*
  8. Antipyretic and antitumor effects of a purified polysaccharide from aerial parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum
    Zhu B, Qian C, Zhou F, Guo J, Chen N, Gao C, et al.
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2020 May 10;253:112663.
    PMID: 32045682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112663
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (Sanyeqing) is traditionally used as a folk medicine for the treatments of inflammation, high fever, hepatitis and cancer, and can improve the immune function of the patient. It belongs to the family of Vitaceae, and is mainly distributed in southeast China (Yunnan province) and can be found in India (Andaman Islands), Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia in the valleys with 1100-1300 m above the sea level.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study aimed to characterize the chemical properties of a purified polysaccharide extracted from the aerial part of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (SYQP) and investigate its antipyretic and antitumor effects in mice models.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Water-soluble crude polysaccharides from the aerial parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum were extracted and fractionated by DEAE and gel permeation chromatography. Homogeneity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and FTIR analysis were performed to characterize the SYQP. Antipyretic effect of SYQP was examined using Brewer's yeast induced hyperthermia test. Antitumor effect was investigated using H22 tumor bearing mice. The serum cytokines were determined to evaluated the biological activities of SYQP.

    RESULTS: SYQP was composed of galacturonic acid (GalA), glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), and rhamnose (Rha) with a molar ratio of 11.3:7.1:2.5:1.0:0.9:0.5 and it had an average molecular weight of 66.2 kDa. The oral administration of SYQP at 200 and 400 mg/kg could markedly suppress the hyperthermia of mice induced by Brewer's yeast and decrease the production of cytokines especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the serum of mice. SYQP inhibited the growth of H22 tumor in mice with inhibitory rate of 39.9% at the administration dose of 200 mg/kg and increased the production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and interferon γ (IFN-γ). Experimental results showed that the preventive administration of SYQP before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduced the high cytokine levels such as IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ, indicating that SYQP might act as a competitor with LPS to interact with toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), which further regulated the secretion of cytokines.

    CONCLUSION: The anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities of SYQP might be related to its regulation of host immune function by controlling the secretion of cytokines.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes/drug effects
  9. Immunomodulatory effects of a bioactive fraction of Strobilanthes crispus in NMU-induced rat mammary tumor model
    Yankuzo HM, Baraya YS, Mustapha Z, Wong KK, Yaacob NS
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2018 Mar 01;213:31-37.
    PMID: 29100935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.024
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Strobilanthes crispus Blume is traditionally consumed among local Malay and indigenous communities for the treatment of cancer and other ailments such as gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory wounds of snake bite and immune system activation amongst others. We previously demonstrated that a bioactive fraction of S. crispus leaves (F3) was cytotoxic to breast cancer cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced breast cancer rat model. F3 also normalized the white blood cell count in the tumor-bearing animals, indicating its potential immuno-stimulatory effect.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the immune stimulatory effects of F3 from S. crispus in NMU-induced rat mammary tumor model.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry analysis of cellular immune parameters (CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, CIITA, MHC-II and CD68) was performed on NMU-induced rat mammary tumor nodules, followed by evaluation of the serum level of 34 cytokines using the cytokine antibody array.

    RESULTS: Significant increase in MHC-II, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell and CIITA expression by tumor cells was observed in F3-treated rats compared to the tumor control group. F3-treated rats also displayed a significant decrease in the serum level of CCL2 and CD68+ infiltrating macrophages. Serum IFN-γ level in this group was increased by 1.7-fold suggesting enhanced infiltration of T cells, and upregulation of CIITA and MHC-II expression in the tumor cells might be triggered by F3-induced production of IFN-γ.

    CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated for the first time that a subfraction from S. crispus, F3, is capable of activating the immune system in rats-bearing NMU-induced mammary tumor, which may contribute to the anticancer effects of F3, and additionally support the traditional use of S. crispus leaves to boost the immune system.

    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
  10. Fulltext Thalidomide as a Potential HIV Latency Reversal Agent: Is It the Right Time to Forget the Ancestral Sins?
    Vignesh R, Shankar EM
    EBioMedicine, 2017 Oct;24:20-21.
    PMID: 28865747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.08.025
    Matched MeSH terms: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
  11. Fulltext Evaluation of the genotoxicity of zerumbone in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes
    Al-Zubairi AS, Abdul AB, Syam MM
    Toxicol In Vitro, 2010 Apr;24(3):707-12.
    PMID: 20123012 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.01.011
    The chromosomal aberrations (CA) assay and micronucleus (MN) test were employed to investigate the effect in vitro of zerumbone (ZER) on human chromosomes. ZER is a sesquiterpene compound isolated from the rhizomes of wild ginger, Zingiber zerumbet Smith. The rhizomes of the plant are employed as a traditional medicine for some ailments and as condiments. ZER has been shown to have anti-cancer and apoptosis-inducing properties against various human tumour cells. It has also been shown to be active in vivo against a number of induced malignancies. Studies on ZER genotoxicity in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) have not been reported so far. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the ability of ZER to induce chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei formation in human lymphocytes in vitro. Human blood samples were obtained from four healthy, non-smoking males aged 25-35years. Cultures were exposed to the drug for 48h at four final concentrations: 10, 20, 40 and 80 microM. Mitomycin C (MMC) was used as a positive control. The results of chromosomal aberrations assay showed that ZER was not clastogenic, when compared to untreated control, meanwhile MN test results showed a dose-dependent increase in MN formation. The overall clastogenic effect of ZER on human PBL was statistically not significant. In conclusion, ZER is a cytotoxic but not a clastogenic substance in human PBL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes/drug effects*
  12. High occurrence of in vitro apoptosis of lymphocytes induced by serum from systemic lupus erythematosus patients is associated with increased serum levels of anti-C1q autoantibodies
    Hasan SI, Mohd Ashari NS, Mohd Daud K, Che Husin CM
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2013 Aug;16(4):430-6.
    PMID: 23992264 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.12062
    BACKGROUND: The ethiopathogenesis of increased apoptosis of lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is still incompletely understood but anti-C1q autoantibodies have been shown to induce apoptosis in lymphocytes from healthy donors and certain cell lines.
    AIM: This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between peripheral lymphocyte apoptosis and serum levels of anti-C1q autoantibodies in SLE patients.
    METHODS: The sera of 124 patients with SLE involving 62 active SLE and 62 inactive SLE, fulfilling America College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for SLE (1997) were incubated with peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors. The results were compared with 124 sex- and age-matched normal controls. Apoptotic lymphocytes (AL) were detected by flow cytometry using annexin V and propidium iodide binding. Anti-C1q autoantibodies were detected by an enzyme-linked immunoassay kit for all SLE patients.
    RESULTS: Results demonstrated that the percentage of AL in the peripheral blood of active SLE patients was significantly higher (n = 62, 34.95 ± 12.78%) than that of the inactive SLE patients (n = 62, 30.69 ± 10.13%, P = 0.042, 95%CI = 0.16-8.36) and normal controls (n = 124, 27.92 ± 10.22%, P = 0.001, 95%CI = 3.33-10.73). The percentage of AL significantly correlated with serum levels of anti-C1q autoantibodies in the active SLE patients (r = 0.263, P = 0.039) but not in the inactive SLE patients (r = 0.170, P = 0.185).
    CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that increased serum levels of anti-C1q autoantibodies are responsible for apoptosis and may play a pathogenic role in SLE patients, especially in active disease.
    KEYWORDS: anti-C1q; apoptosis; flowcytometry; systemic lupus erythematosus
    Study site: Medical outpatient clinic and medical wards, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes/drug effects
  13. Fulltext The modulation of PPARγ1 and PPARγ2 mRNA expression by ciglitazone in CD3/CD28-activated naïve and memory CD4+ T cells
    Norazmi MN, Mohamed R, Nurul AA, Yaacob NS
    Clin. Dev. Immunol., 2012;2012:849195.
    PMID: 22548115 DOI: 10.1155/2012/849195
    Given their roles in immune regulation, the expression of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) 1 and 2 isoforms was investigated in human naïve (CD45RA+) and memory (CD45RO+) CD4+ T cells. Stimulation of both types of cells via the CD3/CD28 pathway resulted in high expression of both PPARγ receptors as measured by real-time PCR. Treatment with the PPARγ agonist, ciglitazone, increased PPARγ1 expression but decreased PPARγ2 expression in stimulated naïve and memory cells. Furthermore, when present, the magnitude of both PPARγ receptors expression was lower in naïve cells, perhaps suggesting a lower regulatory control of these cells. Similar profiles of selected proinflammatory cytokines were expressed by the two cell types following stimulation. The induction of PPARγ1 and suppression of PPARγ2 expressions in naïve and memory CD4+ T cells in the presence of ciglitazone suggest that the PPARγ subtypes may have different roles in the regulation of T-cell function.
    Matched MeSH terms: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects*
  14. Fulltext Rehydrated sterically stabilized phospholipid nanomicelles of budesonide for nebulization: physicochemical characterization and in vitro, in vivo evaluations
    Sahib MN, Darwis Y, Peh KK, Abdulameer SA, Tan YT
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2011;6:2351-66.
    PMID: 22072872 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S25363
    Inhaled corticosteroids provide unique systems for local treatment of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the use of poorly soluble drugs for nebulization has been inadequate, and many patients rely on large doses to achieve optimal control of their disease. Theoretically, nanotechnology with a sustained-release formulation may provide a favorable therapeutic index. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using sterically stabilized phospholipid nanomicelles of budesonide for pulmonary delivery via nebulization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes/drug effects
  15. Immunomodulatory activity of polyphenols derived from Cassia auriculata flowers in aged rats
    John CM, Sandrasaigaran P, Tong CK, Adam A, Ramasamy R
    Cell Immunol, 2011;271(2):474-9.
    PMID: 21924708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.08.017
    The immunomodulatory activity of Cassia auriculata (CA)-derived polyphenols was tested on aged rats. Rats (24-26 months old) were given CA polyphenols supplementation at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg for 28 days. Flow cytometry analysis of CA polyphenols-treated aged rats showed increased T and B cells percentage along with enhanced proliferation of splenocytes in both resting and LPS-stimulated cells. Increased percentage of pan T cells is further supported by an elevation of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells. In terms of innate immune cell activity, CA polyphenol supplementation reduced the oxidative burst activity of neutrophils in response to PMA and Escherichia coli activation. Our results collectively show that polyphenols derived from CA boost T cell immunity by increasing the number of T cells and its sensitivity towards stimulants and decreasing ROS production by neutrophils that could potentially harm multiple biological systems in aged individuals.
    Matched MeSH terms: B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
  16. Immunomodulatory effects of damnacanthal isolated from roots of Morinda elliptica
    Alitheen NB, Manaf AA, Yeap SK, Shuhaimi M, Nordin L, Mashitoh AR
    Pharm Biol, 2010 Apr;48(4):446-52.
    PMID: 20645725 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903168031
    Morinda elliptica Ridley (Rubiaceae) has been used traditionally as a medicine to treat various diseases in Malaysia and southeast Asia. In the present study we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of damnacanthal isolated from the roots of Morinda elliptica. The immunomodulatory effect of this compound was evaluated by using the lymphocyte proliferation assay with mouse thymocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In addition, the effect of the compound on PBMC cell cycle progression was studied by using flow cytometry. The production of human interleukin-2 and human inteleukin-12 cytokines was also assessed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The lymphocyte proliferation assay showed that damnacanthal was able to activate mouse thymocytes and PBMC at a low concentration (0.468 microg/mL). Moreover, the production of human interleukin-2 and human interleukin-12 cytokines in the culture supernatant from damnacanthal activated lymphocytes was markedly up-regulated at 24 h and sustained until 72 h with a slight decrease with time. A positive correlation was found between the level of these two cytokines and the MTT-based proliferation assay. Based on the above results, damnacanthal can act as an immunomodulatory agent which may be very useful for maintaining a healthy immune system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes/drug effects
  17. Cord blood CD34+ cells cultured with FLT3L, stem cell factor, interleukin-6, and IL-3 produce CD11c+CD1a-/c- myeloid dendritic cells
    Fadilah SA, Vuckovic S, Khalil D, Hart DN
    Stem Cells Dev, 2007 Oct;16(5):849-55.
    PMID: 17999605
    Methods that allow expansion of myeloid dendritic cells (MDCs) from CD34(+) cells are potentially important for boosting anti-leukemic responses after cord blood (CB) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We showed that the combination of early-acting cytokines FLT3-ligand (FL), stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin (IL)-3, and IL-6 supported the generation of CD11c(+)CD16() CD1a()/c() MDCs from CB CD34(+) cells or CB myeloid precursors. Early-acting cytokine-derived MDCs were maintained within the myeloid CD33(+)CD14()CD15() precursors with a mean of 4 x 10(6) cells generated from 1-4 x 10(4) CB CD34(+) cells or myeloid precursors after 2 weeks. After 8-12 days of culture the MDCs expressed higher levels of HLA-DR antigen but lower levels of CD40 and CD86 antigen, compared to adult blood MDCs. At this stage of differentiation, the early-acting cytokine-derived MDCs had acquired the ability to induce greater allogeneic T cell proliferation than monocytes or granulocytes derived from same culture. Early-acting cytokine-derived MDCs exposed to the cytokine cocktail (CC) comprising IL-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and prostaglandin E (PGE)-2, upregulated the surface co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 and enhanced allogeneic T cell proliferation, as is characteristic of MDCs maturation. The reliable production of MDCs from CB CD34(+) cells provides a novel way to study their lineage commitment pathway(s) and also a potential means of enriching CB with MDCs to improve prospects for DC immunotherapy following CB HSCT.
    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
  18. Fulltext Immunosuppressive effects of the standardized extract of Phyllanthus amarus on cellular immune responses in Wistar-Kyoto rats
    Ilangkovan M, Jantan I, Mesaik MA, Bukhari SN
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2015;9:4917-30.
    PMID: 26347462 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S88189
    Phyllanthus amarus (family: Euphorbiaceae) is of immense interest due to its wide spectrum of biological activities. In the present study, the standardized 80% ethanol extract of P. amarus was investigated for its modulatory activity on various cellular immune parameters, including chemotaxis of neutrophils, engulfment of Escherichia coli by neutrophils, and Mac-1 expression, in leukocytes isolated from treated/nontreated Wistar-Kyoto rats. The detailed cell-mediated activity of P. amarus was also investigated, including analysis of the effects on T- and B-cell proliferation and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets in splenic mononuclear cells, and estimation of serum cytokine production by activated T-cells. The main components of the extract, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, corilagin, geraniin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid were identified and quantitatively analyzed in the extracts, using validated reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced neutrophils isolated from rats administered with the extract of P. amarus, at doses ranging from 100 to 400 mg/kg for 14 days, revealed a significant dose-dependent reduction in neutrophil migration (P<0.05). Similar patterns of inhibition were also observed in phagocytic activity and in fMLP-induced changes in expression of β2 integrin polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The results in P. amarus-treated rats also demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of both lipopolysaccharide-stimulated B-cell proliferation and concanavalin A-stimulated T-cell proliferation as compared with sensitized control. At a dose of 400 mg/kg (P<0.01), there was a significant decrease in the (%) expression of CD4(+) and CD8(+) in splenocytes and in serum cytokines of T helper (Th1) (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4). In conclusion, P. amarus showed effective immunosuppressive activities in cellular immune response, by various immune regulatory mechanisms, and may be useful for improvement of immune-related disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
  19. In Vivo Anti-Tumor Effects of Flavokawain A in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cell-Challenged Mice
    Abu N, Mohamed NE, Yeap SK, Lim KL, Akhtar MN, Zulfadli AJ, et al.
    Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2015;15(7):905-15.
    PMID: 26179368
    Flavokawain A is a chalcone that can be found in the kava-kava plant (Piper methsyticum) extract. The kava-kava plant has been reported to possess anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. The state of the immune system, and the inflammatory process play vital roles in the progression of cancer. The immunomodulatary effects and the anti-inflammatory effects of flavokawain A in a breast cancer murine model have not been studied yet. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the basic mechanism as to how flavokawain A regulates and enhance the immune system as well as impeding the inflammatory process in breast cancer-challenged mice. Based on our study, it is interesting to note that flavokawain A increased the T cell population; both Th1 cells and CTLs, aside from the natural killer cells. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 were also elevated in the serum of flavokawain A-treated mice. Apart from that, flavokawain A also decreased the weight and volume of the tumor, and managed to induce apoptosis in them. In terms of inflammation, flavokawain A-treated mice had reduced level of major pro-inflammatory mediators; NO, iNOS, NF-KB, ICAM and COX-2. Overall, flavokawain A has the potential to not only enhance antitumor immunity, but also prevents the inflammatory process in a cancer-prone microenvironment.
    Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
  20. Development of two salmonella-based oral vaccines against human respiratory syncytial virus
    Azizi Jalilian F, Yusoff K, Suhaimi S, Amini R, Sekawi Z, Jahanshiri F
    J Biol Regul Homeost Agents, 2015 Jan-Mar;29(1):7-18.
    PMID: 25864737
    Human respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and other respiratory infections in infants and the elderly worldwide. We have developed two new oral vaccines using Salmonella typhi TY21a to carry and express the immunogenic epitopes of RSV fusion (F) and attachment (G) glycoproteins on its surface, separately. To evaluate the efficacy of the designed vaccines, BALB/c mice were orally immunized and then infected with RSV. Immune response analyses showed that cellmediated, mucosal and humoral immunity in the vaccinated mice were significantly enhanced compared to the control group. Both vaccines generated a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response which is crucial for efficiency of vaccines against RSV. Furthermore, histopathological examination proved that these vaccines were safe as they did not cause any Th2-associated adverse effects in the lungs of RSV-infected mice. The findings of this research suggest that Salmonella-F and Salmonella-G vaccine candidates may have strong potential to prevent RSV infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes/drug effects
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