Displaying publications 401 - 420 of 573 in total

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  1. Prevalence of piriformis syndrome in chronic low back pain patients. A clinical diagnosis with modified FAIR test
    Kean Chen C, Nizar AJ
    Pain Pract, 2013 Apr;13(4):276-81.
    PMID: 22863240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2012.00585.x
    Piriformis syndrome is a collection of symptoms and signs of pain from piriformis muscle and is characterized by pain in buttock with variable involvement of sciatic nerve. This syndrome is often overlooked in clinical practice because its presentation has similarities with other spine pathologies. A major problem with the clinical diagnosis of piriformis syndrome is the lack of consistent objective findings and an absence of single test that is specific for piriformis syndrome. Therefore, a precise and reliable clinical method of diagnosing piriformis syndrome should be developed by clinicians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  2. Self-management of chronic pain in Malaysian patients: effectiveness trial with 1-year follow-up
    Cardosa M, Osman ZJ, Nicholas M, Tonkin L, Williams A, Abd Aziz K, et al.
    Transl Behav Med, 2012 Mar;2(1):30-37.
    PMID: 22448204
    Self-management of chronic illnesses has been widely recognised as an important goal on quality of life, health service utilisation and cost grounds. This study describes the first published account on the application of this approach to people suffering from chronic pain conditions in a Southeast Asian country, Malaysia. A heterogeneous sample of chronic pain patients in Malaysia attended a 2-week cognitive-behavioural pain management programme (PMP) aimed at improving daily functional activities and general psychological well-being. Complete datasets from 70 patients out of 102 patients who attended 11 programmes conducted from 2002 to 2007, as well as the 1-month and 1-year follow-up sessions at the hospital clinic, are reported. The pre- to post-treatment results on self-report measures indicate that significant gains were achieved on the dimensions of pain, disability and psychological well-being. These gains were maintained at both 1-month and 1-year follow-ups. The results mirror those reported from similar interventions in Europe and North America and indicate the concept of self-management of a chronic illness is acceptable and meaningful to Asian patients. Importantly, the achieved outcomes were independent of gender and ethnic group status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  3. Toxoplasma gondii: determination of the onset of chronic infection in mice and the in vitro reactivation of brain cysts
    Chew WK, Wah MJ, Ambu S, Segarra I
    Exp Parasitol, 2012 Jan;130(1):22-5.
    PMID: 22027550 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.10.004
    Toxoplasma gondii is an intra-cellular parasite that infects humans through vertical and horizontal transmission. The cysts remain dormant in the brain of infected humans and can reactivate in immunocompromised hosts resulting in acute toxoplasmic encephalitis which may be fatal. We determined the onset and progression of brain cysts generation in a mouse model following acute toxoplasmosis as well as the ability of brain cysts to reactivate in vitro. Male Balb/c mice, (uninfected control group, n = 10) were infected orally (study group, n = 50) with 1000 tachyzoites of T. gondii (ME49 strain) and euthanized at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks post infection. Brain tissue was harvested, homogenized, stained and the number of brain cysts counted. Aliquots of brain homogenate with cysts were cultured in vitro with confluent Vero cells and the number of cysts and tachyzoites counted after 1 week. Brain cysts but not tachyzoites were detected at week 2 post infection and reached a plateau by week 4. In vitro Vero cells culture showed similar pattern for cysts and tachyzoites and reactivation of cyst in vitro was not influenced by the age of the brain cysts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  4. Urological anomalies and chronic kidney disease in children with anorectal malformations
    Ganesan I, Rajah S
    Pediatr Nephrol, 2012 Jul;27(7):1125-30.
    PMID: 22382467 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-012-2128-6
    BACKGROUND: This study aims to predict risk factors for urological anomalies in children with anorectal malformations (ARM) and describes the clinical features of patients who have developed chronic kidney disease.

    METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed infants with ARM who received surgery and were followed at the Sabah Women and Children's Hospital, Malaysia, from 1986 to 2010.

    RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-two children with anorectal malformations were studied, after excluding 24 children with incomplete data. Three factors were significant as predictors of the presence of a urological anomaly: high ARM lesion (OR 3.12, 95%CI 1.1-8.9), the presence of genital abnormality (OR 2.95, 95%CI 1.10-7.91) and cloacal anomaly in girls (OR 8.27, 95% CI 1.91-35.6). The most common anomalies were vesicoureteric reflux, single kidney and neurogenic bladder. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was noted in 5.7%, in children who had recurrent urinary tract infections, neurogenic bladder or complex renal tract pathology; end-stage renal failure was seen in only 0.8% of children with ARM.

    CONCLUSION: Urological anomalies were seen in 23% of patients, but the overall incidence of CKD and end-stage renal disease is low. Early identification of infants with ARM at risk of renal failure may be important for renal survival.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  5. Fulltext The association between dyslipidaemia and types of antipsychotic medications among patients with chronic schizophrenia
    Ruzanna ZZ, Ong LY, Cheah YC, Fairuz A, Midin M
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):39-44.
    PMID: 22582547 MyJurnal
    This cross sectional study aimed to explore the association between dyslipidaemia and types of antipsychotics in 100 patients with chronic schizophrenia. Lipid profile, weight, height and waist circumference together with other relevant factors were measured. We found there was a high rate of dyslipidaemia among patients with chronic schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics (66%), however there was no significant difference found between typical or atypical antipsychotics (OR=1). All sociodemographic and clinical factors were not significantly associated with dyslipidaemia. Only non-Malays were found to have significant dyslipidaemia (p<0.1). Effective management is needed to deal with the dyslipidaemia in this group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  6. Fulltext Use of newly available febuxostat in a case of chronic tophaceous gout contraindicated to allopurinol and probenecid
    Abdullah H, Asmahan MI, Rosman A
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):125-6.
    PMID: 22582566 MyJurnal
    Urate lowering therapy in this country has mainly been achieved by the use of allopurinol and probenecid. A new xanthine oxidase inhibitor called febuxostat has been approved in 2009 for treatment of hyperuricaemia in gout. In this report, we describe the management of a patient with chronic tophaceous gout using febuxostat. The reduction in serum uric acid to target levels was rapid, and the tophi size had also reduced significantly while on therapy. There was no unwanted side effect observed during the therapy. Therefore, febuxostat would be a useful alternative drug in the treatment of hyperuricaemia in gout patients who have contraindications to allopurinol and probenecid.
    Study site: Rheumatology clinic, Selayang Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  7. Ano-coccygeal support in the treatment of idiopathic chronic posterior anal fissure: a prospective non-randomised controlled pilot trial
    Gee T, Hisham RB, Jabar MF, Gul YA
    Tech Coloproctol, 2013 Apr;17(2):181-6.
    PMID: 22983551 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-012-0894-6
    Idiopathic chronic anal fissure is believed to be a consequence of a traumatic acute anodermal tear followed by recurrent inflammation and poor healing due to relative tissue ischaemia secondary to internal sphincter spasm. This pilot trial compared the efficacy of a novel manufactured ano-coccygeal support attached to a standard toilet seat (Colorec) to the standard procedure of lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) for chronic anal fissure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  8. Unmet needs among disabled elderly Malaysians
    Momtaz YA, Hamid TA, Ibrahim R
    Soc Sci Med, 2012 Sep;75(5):859-63.
    PMID: 22632847 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.047
    Unmet need as a significant factor affecting quality of life in later life has recently received considerable attention in gerontological research. The main aim of this study was to identify the prevalence, predicting factors, and negative consequence of unmet need among older Malaysians. The findings may be useful to reduce unmet need and the burden of its adverse consequence. The sample for this study consists of 400 functionally disabled elderly people aged 60 and over was obtained from a large national survey. Unmet need was operationally defined based on Manton's (1989) criteria. The findings from the present study showed about 18.0% of functionally disabled older Malaysians suffer from unmet need. Logistic regression revealed that gender (being male) and chronic health conditions are statistically associated with increased odds of unmet need after adjusting for other possible risk factors. Further results indicated that unmet need statistically increases odds of fall as a negative consequence of unmet need. The high prevalence rates of unmet need among disabled elderly men and chronically ill older persons suggest that policy makers should pay more attention to this vulnerable group to achieve good quality of life. The implications and limitations of the present study are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  9. Fulltext Recent updates in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders using natural compounds
    Rasool M, Malik A, Qureshi MS, Manan A, Pushparaj PN, Asif M, et al.
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014;2014:979730.
    PMID: 24864161 DOI: 10.1155/2014/979730
    Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by protein aggregates and inflammation as well as oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple biological processes are linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as depletion or insufficient synthesis of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, abnormal ubiquitination. Furthermore, damaging of blood brain barrier (BBB) in the CNS also leads to various CNS-related diseases. Even though synthetic drugs are used for the management of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, autism, and many other chronic illnesses, they are not without side effects. The attentions of researchers have been inclined towards the phytochemicals, many of which have minimal side effects. Phytochemicals are promising therapeutic agents because many phytochemicals have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative as well as anticholinesterase activities. Various drugs of either synthetic or natural origin applied in the treatment of brain disorders need to cross the BBB before they can be used. This paper covers various researches related to phytochemicals used in the management of neurodegenerative disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  10. IgG avidity Western blot using Toxoplasma gondii rGRA-7 cloned from nucleotides 39-711 for serodiagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis
    Deshpande PS, Kotresha D, Noordin R, Yunus MH, Saadatnia G, Golkar M, et al.
    Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo, 2013 4 9;55(2):79-83.
    PMID: 23563759
    Toxoplasmosis is an important cause of congenital infection. The present study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of recombinant (r) GRA-7 cloned from nucleotides (n) 39-711 in discriminating between acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. First, commercial IgM, IgG and IgG avidity ELISAs were used to determine the serological profile of the sera. Serum samples were from 20 symptomatic patients with acute infection (low IgG avidity, IgM positive), 10 with chronic infection (high IgG avidity, IgM negative) and 10 with indeterminate IgG avidity (IgM positive) which were tested for IgG avidity status with an in-house developed IgG avidity Western blot using the rGRA-7 recombinant antigen. All 20 sera from cases of probable acute infection showed bands which either faded out completely or reduced significantly in intensity after treatment with 8 M urea, whereas the band intensities of the 10 serum samples from chronic cases remained the same. Of the 10 sera with indeterminate IgG avidity status, after treatment with 8 M urea the band intensities with six sera remained the same, two sera had completely faded bands and another two sera had significantly reduced band intensities. Discrimination between acute and chronic toxoplasmosis was successfully performed by the in-house IgG avidity Western blot.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  11. Fulltext Correlation of computed tomography and nasal endoscopic findings in chronic rhinosinusitis
    Shahizon AM, Suraya A, Rozmnan Z, Aini AA, Gendeh BS
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Aug;63(3):211-5.
    PMID: 19248692 MyJurnal
    This is a cross sectional study of 40 patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis using the Lanza Kennedy diagnostic criteria based on nasal endoscopy (NE), and on computer tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the effectiveness and limitations of CT, and NE in the assessment of chronic rhinosinusitis. This study shows that CT was superior in detecting OMC involvement, presence of concha bullosa, paradoxical turbinate and nasal septal deviation. NE was better at detecting polyps.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  12. The expert consensus guideline series: adherence problems in patients with serious and persistent mental illness
    Velligan DI, Weiden PJ, Sajatovic M, Scott J, Carpenter D, Ross R, et al.
    J Clin Psychiatry, 2009;70 Suppl 4:1-46; quiz 47-8.
    PMID: 19686636
    OBJECTIVES: Poor adherence to medication treatment can have devastating consequences for patients with mental illness. The goal of this project was to develop recommendations for addressing adherence problems to improve patient outcomes.
    METHODS: The editors identified important topics and questions concerning medication adherence problems in serious mental illness that are not fully addressed in the literature. A survey was developed containing 39 questions (521 options) asking about defining nonadherence, extent of adherence problems in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, risk factors for nonadherence, assessment methods, and interventions for specific types of adherence problems. The survey was completed by 41 (85%) of the 48 experts to whom it was sent. Results of the literature review and survey were used to develop recommendations for assessing and improving adherence in patients with serious mental illness.
    RESULTS: ASSESSING ADHERENCE: The experts endorsed percentage of medication not taken as the preferred method of defining adherence, with 80% or more of medication taken endorsed as an appropriate cut-off for adherence in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Although self- and physician report are the most common methods used to assess adherence in clinical settings, they are often inaccurate and may underestimate nonadherence. The experts recommend that, if possible, clinicians also use more objective measures (e.g., pill counts, pharmacy records, and, when appropriate, serum levels such as are used for lithium). Use of a validated self-report scale may help improve accuracy.
    SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM: The majority of the experts believed the average patient with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in their practices takes only 51%-70% of prescribed medication. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NONADHERENCE: The experts endorsed poor insight and lack of illness awareness, distress associated with specific side effects or a general fear of side effects, inadequate efficacy with persistent symptoms, and believing medications are no longer needed as the most important factors leading to adherence problems in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The experts considered weight gain a side effect that is very likely to lead to adherence problems in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; sedation was considered a more important contributor to adherence problems in bipolar disorder than schizophrenia. The experts rated persistent positive or negative symptoms in schizophrenia and persistent grandiosity and manic symptoms in bipolar disorder as the most important symptomatic contributors to adherence problems in these illnesses.
    INTERVENTIONS: It is important to identify the specific factors that may be contributing to a patient's adherence problems in order to customize interventions to target those problems. Multiple problems may be involved, requiring a combination of interventions.
    CONCLUSIONS: Adherence problems are complex and multidetermined. The experts recommended customized interventions focused on the underlying causes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  13. Fulltext A physiologic events' cascade: irritable bowel syndrome may even terminate with chronic gastritis
    Helvaci MR, Kaya H, Algin MC, Yalcin A
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):140-2.
    PMID: 18942301
    When specifically asked, about one third of people report recurrent upper abdominal discomfort, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic gastritis (CG) maybe the most frequently diagnosed ones among all. Consecutive patients with upper abdominal discomfort applying to the Internal Medicine Polyclinic were included into the study. IBS was diagnosed according to Rome II criteria and CG was diagnosed histologically. All cases with IBS were compared with the age and sex-matched randomly selected cases without IBS. One hundred and fifty-six patients with IBS and 179 patients without IBS were studied. CG was detected in 72.4% (113 cases) of cases with IBS, and only 36.3% (65 cases) in patients without IBS (p < 0.001). IBS probably is a cascade of many physiological events, being initiated by infection, inflammation, psychological disturbances-like many stresses and eventually leading to dysfunctions of gut and other systems of the body via a low-grade inflammatory process. CG may be one of the terminating points of the physiological events' cascade, IBS. This may explain the high prevalence of IBS in society. Keeping in mind this association will be helpful during prevention, treatment, and follow up of these common pathologies in Primary Health Centers and Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Polyclinics for physicians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  14. Radiofrequency coblation for chronic foot and ankle tendinosis
    Yeap EJ, Chong KW, Yeo W, Rikhraj IS
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2009 Dec;17(3):325-30.
    PMID: 20065374
    To evaluate outcomes of radiofrequency coblation for chronic tendinosis of the foot and ankle tendons.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  15. Drug use and dosing in chronic kidney disease
    Hassan Y, Al-Ramahi R, Abd Aziz N, Ghazali R
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2009 Dec;38(12):1095-103.
    PMID: 20052447
    One of the most important drug-related problems in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is medication dosing errors. Many medications and their metabolites are eliminated through the kidney. Thus, adequate renal function is important to avoid toxicity. Patients with renal impairment often have alterations in their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. The clearance of drugs eliminated primarily by renal filtration is decreased by renal disease. Therefore, special consideration should be taken when these drugs are prescribed to patients with impaired renal function. Despite the importance of dosage adjustment in patients with CKD, such adjustments are sometimes ignored. Physicians and pharmacists can work together to accomplish safe drug prescribing. This task can be complex and require a stepwise approach to ensure effectiveness, minimise further damage and prevent drug nephrotoxicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  16. Fulltext Disseminated histoplasmosis presenting with chronic ulcerative tongue lesions in a patient with diabetes
    Hasmoni MH, Shah AS, Ayoub S, Hin LS, Abd Rashid MA
    BMJ Case Rep, 2010;2010.
    PMID: 22791841 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.06.2010.3120
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  17. Fulltext Serum soluble transferrin receptor in hypochromic microcytic anaemia
    Jayaranee S, Sthaneshwar P
    Singapore Med J, 2006 Feb;47(2):138-42.
    PMID: 16435056
    The objective of this study was to assess the clinical significance of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in hypochromic microcytic anaemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  18. Fulltext Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from chronic perianal fistula
    Hisham RB, Sabariah AR, Yunus AG
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Mar;61(1):88-90.
    PMID: 16708740 MyJurnal
    Perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor which may be associated with long-standing chronic perianal sepsis. Early diagnosis is challenging and is based on a high index of clinical suspicion and specific histological features. Definitive treatment is surgical, in the form of an abdomino-perineal resection. We hereby describe a case of a perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from long-standing recurrent perianal fistula and complement this with a brief review of the literature pertaining in particular to the management of this condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  19. Fulltext Chronic rupture of the extensor apparatus of the knee joint
    Poonnoose PM, Korula RJ, Oommen AT
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Oct;60(4):511-3.
    PMID: 16570720
    Chronic ruptures of the extensor mechanism of the knee are uncommon injuries, and previously reported literature assumes the presence of an intact patella for repair. We present a case of chronic rupture following patellectomy done twelve years previously. The defect in the extensor apparatus was extensive (18cm), and this was bridged using a large fascia lata graft from the opposite thigh, with reasonably successful results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  20. Susuk
    Alhamad T
    Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2011 Aug 15;184(4):484.
    PMID: 21844517 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201012-2018IM
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
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