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Doing gender better: can the UN step up?

Allotey P, Remme M, Lo S

Lancet, 2019 06 15;393(10189):2371-2373.
PMID: 31155269 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30988-2
Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Physiological State and Learning Ability of Students in Normal and Virtual Reality Conditions: Complexity-Based Analysis

Babini MH, Kulish VV, Namazi H

J Med Internet Res, 2020 06 01;22(6):e17945.
PMID: 32478661 DOI: 10.2196/17945

BACKGROUND: Education and learning are the most important goals of all universities. For this purpose, lecturers use various tools to grab the attention of students and improve their learning ability. Virtual reality refers to the subjective sensory experience of being immersed in a computer-mediated world, and has recently been implemented in learning environments.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a virtual reality condition on students' learning ability and physiological state.
METHODS: Students were shown 6 sets of videos (3 videos in a two-dimensional condition and 3 videos in a three-dimensional condition), and their learning ability was analyzed based on a subsequent questionnaire. In addition, we analyzed the reaction of the brain and facial muscles of the students during both the two-dimensional and three-dimensional viewing conditions and used fractal theory to investigate their attention to the videos.
RESULTS: The learning ability of students was increased in the three-dimensional condition compared to that in the two-dimensional condition. In addition, analysis of physiological signals showed that students paid more attention to the three-dimensional videos.
CONCLUSIONS: A virtual reality condition has a greater effect on enhancing the learning ability of students. The analytical approach of this study can be further extended to evaluate other physiological signals of subjects in a virtual reality condition.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Investing in the health of girls and women: a best buy for sustainable development

Remme M, Vassall A, Fernando G, Bloom DE

BMJ, 2020 06 02;369:m1175.
PMID: 32487585 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m1175
Matched MeSH terms: Female
Primary Breast Angiosarcoma: Utilisation of Pre-surgical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for Accurate Tumour Characterization and Planning - A Case Report and Literature Review

Mumin NA, Rahmat K, Hamid MTR, Ng WL, Chan WY, Cheah XY, et al.

Curr Med Imaging, 2021;17(4):552-558.
PMID: 33030134 DOI: 10.2174/1573405616666201007161119

BACKGROUND: Primary breast angiosarcoma is a rare malignancy with non-specific clinical and radiological findings.
CASE REPORT: A 30-year-old lady presented with left breast pain and lumpiness for over one year. She has had several breast ultrasounds (US) and was treated for acute mastitis and abscess. Subsequently, in view of the rapid growth of the lump and worsening pain, she was re-investigated with US, elastography, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and MRI. MRI raised the suspicion of angiosarcoma. The diagnosis was confirmed after biopsy and she underwent mastectomy.
DISCUSSION: Literature review on imaging findings of breast angiosarcoma, especially on MRI, is discussed. MRI features showed heterogeneous low signal intensity on T1 and high signal intensity on T2. Dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) features included either early enhancement with or without washout in the delayed phase, and some reported central areas of non-enhancement.
CONCLUSION: This case report emphasises on the importance of MRI in clinching the diagnosis of breast angiosarcoma, and hence, should be offered sooner to prevent diagnostic delay.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
A tree-based multiclassification of breast tumor histopathology images through deep learning

Murtaza G, Abdul Wahab AW, Raza G, Shuib L

Comput Med Imaging Graph, 2021 04;89:101870.
PMID: 33545489 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2021.101870

Worldwide, the burden of cancer is drastically increasing over the past few years. Among all types of cancers in women, breast cancer (BrC) is the main cause of unnatural deaths. For early diagnosis, histopathology (Hp) imaging is a gold standard for positive and detailed (at tissue level) diagnosis of breast tumor (BrT) compared to mammogram images. A large number of studies used BrT Hp images to solve binary or multiclassification problems using high computational resources. However, classification models' performance may be compromised due to the high correlation among various types of BrT in Hp images, which raises the misclassification rate. Thus, this paper aims to develop a tree-based BrT multiclassification model via deep learning (DL) to extract discriminative features to solve the multiclassification problem with better performance using less computational resources. The main contributions of this work are to create an ensemble, tree-based DL model that is pre-trained on the BreakHis dataset, and implementation of a misclassification reduction algorithm. The ensemble, tree-based DL model, extracts discriminative BrT features from Hp images. The target dataset (i.e., Bioimaging challenge 2015 breast histology) is small in size; thus, to avoid overfitting of the proposed model, pretraining is performed on the BreakHis dataset. Whereas, misclassification reduction algorithm is implemented to enhance the performance of the classification model. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperformed the existing state-of-the-art baseline studies. The achieved classification accuracy is ranging from 87.50 % to 100 % for four subtypes of BrT. Thus, the proposed model can assist doctors as the second opinion in any healthcare centre.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Osteoporosis in Parkinson's Disease: Relevance of Distal Radius Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Sarcopenia

Tan YJ, Lim SY, Yong VW, Choo XY, Ng YD, Sugumaran K, et al.

J Clin Densitom, 2020 07 30;24(3):351-361.
PMID: 32888777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2020.07.001

Osteoporotic fractures are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Standard dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measuring bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck and lumbar spine (central sites) has suboptimal sensitivity in predicting fracture risk in the general population. An association between sarcopenia and osteoporosis in PD has not been studied. We compared BMD and osteoporosis prevalence in PD patients vs controls; determined the osteoporosis detection rates using central alone vs central plus distal radius DXA; and analyzed factors (in particular, sarcopenia) associated with osteoporosis. One hundred and fifty-six subjects (102 patients with PD, 54 spousal/sibling controls) underwent femoral neck-lumbar spine-distal radius DXA. Seventy-three patients and 46 controls were assessed for sarcopenia using whole-body DXA and handgrip strength. Patients underwent clinical and serum biochemical evaluations. PD patients had significantly lower body mass index compared to controls. After adjustment for possible confounders, distal radius BMD and T-scores were significantly lower in PD patients compared to controls, but not at the femoral neck/lumbar spine. With distal radius DXA, an additional 11.0% of patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis (32.0% to 43.0%), vs 3.7% in controls (33.3% to 37.0%) additionally diagnosed; this increase was largely driven by the markedly higher detection rate in female PD patients. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio [ORadjusted] = 11.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6-48.6) and sarcopenia (ORadjusted = 8.4, 95% CI: 1.1-64.9) were independent predictors for osteoporosis in PD. Distal radius DXA increased osteoporosis detection, especially in female PD patients, suggesting that diagnostic protocols for osteoporosis in PD could be optimized. A close association between osteoporosis and sarcopenia was documented for the first time in PD, which has important implications for clinical management and future research.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Mathematical modeling and analysis of anemia during pregnancy and postpartum

Mat Daud AA, Toh CQ, Saidun S

Theory Biosci, 2021 Feb;140(1):87-95.
PMID: 33590451 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-020-00334-2

Anemia is a significant public health problem worldwide especially among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries. In this study, a mathematical model of the population dynamics of anemia during pregnancy and postpartum is constructed. In the modeling process, four independent variables have been considered: (1) the numbers of nonpregnant nonanemic women, (2) anemic nonpregnant women, (3) anemic pregnant or postpartum women and (4) anemic pregnant or postpartum women with complications. The mathematical model is governed by a system of first-order ordinary differential equations. The stability analysis of the model is conducted using Routh-Hurwitz criteria. There is one nonnegative equilibrium point which is asymptotically stable. The equilibrium point obtained indicates the influential parameters that can be controlled to minimize the number of patients at each stage. The proposed model can be employed to forecast the future incidence and prevalence of the disease and appraise intervention programs.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
The Effect of Teaching Formulaic Expressions Through Contrastive Lexical Approach on Iranian Pre-intermediate EFL Learners' Writing Skill

Ebrahimi F, Namaziandost E, Ziafar M, Ibna Seraj PM

J Psycholinguist Res, 2021 Oct;50(5):1087-1105.
PMID: 33830415 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-021-09778-z

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the contrastive lexical approach on Iranian EFL learners' writing skills. For this study, forty pre-intermediate students from a private English language institutes in Ahvaz, Iran were selected. Then, they were randomly divided into two equal groups of 20; one experimental and one control group. To have two groups of equal numbers, we used a block randomization sampling method. All of these students were female, ranging in age from 18 to 30. Their level of English language proficiency had already been determined by the Institute to be pre-intermediate. First, they were given a pre-test to determine their writing ability. Afterward, the experimental group received writing practices through the Contrastive Lexical Approach (CLA), during 14 sessions. Each session lasted for an hour and a half. The teacher sensitized learners in the experimental group towards the presence of L2 equivalents for L1 formulaic expressions, while the control group received an ordinary, traditional instruction, during which learners read texts containing the same formulaic expressions as for the experimental group without receiving any translation and were then asked to write about the same topics. At the end of the course, a post-test was administered to the two groups. Data were analyzed through independent and paired samples t tests after ensuring the normality of the data. Finally, to discover the power of the statistical tests, the effect size was also calculated. The study showed that using a contrastive lexical approach has a significant positive effect on Iranian EFL learners' writing skills. As the findings in this study propose, the writing skill can be improved through the use of a contrastive lexical approach. Teaching through a contrastive lexical approach, hopefully, gives the learners the chance to fathom their skillful writing competence, which requires the proper use of varied forms of structures and expressions and this, in turn, may sensitize them to know more about what language features to work on to increase their writing proficiency.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Two new black fly species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Taiwan

Takaoka H, Low VL, Huang YT, Fukuda M, Ya'cob Z

Acta Trop, 2021 Oct;222:106023.
PMID: 34161814 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106023

Two new black fly species, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) kaohsiungense and S. (G.) shoufengense, are described from females, males and pupae in Taiwan. These new species are placed in the S. asakoae species-group. Simulium (G.) kaohsiungense sp. nov. is characterized by a combination of the elongate female sensory vesicle, male upper-eye (large) facets in 15 vertical columns and 15 or 16 horizontal rows, male hind basitarsus 1.02-1.15 times the width of the hind femur, and widened pupal terminal hooks. These characteristics distinguish this new species from most species of the S. asakoae species-group. Simulium (G.) shoufengense sp. nov. is similar in the female and male to S. (G.) asakoae Takaoka & Davies originally described from Peninsular Malaysia but is distinguished from the latter species in the pupa by the combined length of the primary and secondary stalks of the dorsal triplet of gill filaments as long as or longer than the common basal stalk of the gill, and dorsum of abdominal segments 1 and 2 not darkened. The species previously regarded in Taiwan as S. (G.) metatarsale Brunetti, originally described from India, is morphologically and molecularly identified as S. (G.) asakoae.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Lactoferrin reduces the risk of respiratory tract infections: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Ali AS, Hasan SS, Kow CS, Merchant HA

Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2021 10;45:26-32.
PMID: 34620326 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.019

BACKGROUND: Lactoferrin (Lf) is one of the key immunomodulatory substances found naturally in various body fluids, such as saliva, tears, and breast milk, and forms a vital part of the innate defense against invading pathogens. Various studies have demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties of Lf and its protective role against respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The present meta-analysis aims to elucidate the association of Lf administration in reducing the risk of RTIs by systematically reviewing the data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline & CINAHL, Turning Research into Practice (TRIP), ProQuest Theses & Dissertations Databases, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from inception till March 15, 2021. The primary outcome measure was a reduction in respiratory illness; decrease in frequency, symptoms, and duration. Random-effects model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We used Cochrane's RoB-2 to appraise the risk of bias of included RCTs.
RESULTS: A total of nine RCTs were eligible for this review, of which six were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, two studies demonstrated a high risk of bias. The meta-analysis revealed a significantly reduced odds of developing respiratory infections with the use of Lf relative to the control (pooled odds ratio = 0.57; 95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.74, n = 1,194), with sufficient evidence against the hypothesis of 'no significant difference' at the current sample size.
CONCLUSIONS: The administration of Lf shows promising efficacy in reducing the risk of RTIs. Current evidence also favours Lf fortification of infant formula. Lf may also have a beneficial role in managing symptoms and recovery of patients suffering from RTIs and may have potential for use as an adjunct in COVID-19, however this warrants further evidence from a large well-designed RCT.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis following ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 vaccine: a case report

Tan WY, Yusof Khan AHK, Mohd Yaakob MN, Abdul Rashid AM, Loh WC, Baharin J, et al.

BMC Neurol, 2021 Oct 12;21(1):395.
PMID: 34641797 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02427-x

BACKGROUND: Transverse myelitis (TM) is a relatively uncommon condition, and vaccine-associated myelitis is even rarer. Concern regarding neurological complications following vaccination escalated following the report of TM during the safety and efficacy trials of the COVID-19 vaccine.
CASE PRESENTATION: We report the first case of Longitudinal Extensive Transverse Myelitis (LETM) in Malaysia following administration of the chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine. A 25-year-old female presented with bilateral lower limb weakness and inability to walk with a sensory level up to T8 with absent visual symptoms. Urgent gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed long segment TM over the thoracic region. Cerebrospinal fluid autoantibodies for anti-aquaporin-4 and anti-myelin-oligodendrocyte were negative. A diagnosis of LETM following vaccination was made, and the patient was started on a high dose of intravenous methylprednisolone. The patient eventually made a recovery following treatment.
CONCLUSION: LETM is a rare but serious adverse reaction following vaccination. Previously reported cases showed an onset of symptoms between 10 to 14 days post-vaccination, suggesting a delayed immunogenic reaction. However, the incidence of myelitis in COVID-19 is much more common, far greater than the risk associated with vaccination.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Atypical presentation of giant fibroadenoma of the breast

Burud IAS, Azmi N

Pan Afr Med J, 2021 07 05;39:168.
PMID: 34539964 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.168.26975
Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext The Agony of the Mystical Practice of Susuk: A Case Report

Rusly MFR, Md Yasin M, Kamaruddin KN, Nasir NMNM, Mat Nor K

Am J Case Rep, 2022 Oct 24;23:e937633.
PMID: 36279262 DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.937633

BACKGROUND Charm needle, otherwise known as susuk, is a needle-shaped pin inserted subcutaneously into various body parts. It is most commonly inserted by shamans in the orofacial region to grant magical powers to the wearer, such as health, wealth, beauty, and other benefits. These talismans are prevalent among women in South-East Asia countries. CASE REPORT A 75-year-old woman presented with recurrent musculoskeletal symptoms over multiple sites, but physical assessment only revealed mild tenderness over the right hip joint. A plain pelvic radiograph showed incidental findings of susuk around the genital regions, with older skull and pelvic radiograph displaying similar findings. The patient had a susuk insertion more than 20 years ago for marriage stability and beauty. After this incidental discovery, the patient had repeated visits to the clinic to request more imaging to determine whether the susuk were still present after the shaman's attempted mystical removal. She also developed persistent preoccupation, worry, and guilt related to the susuk presence and was referred to psychiatry for further assessment. She was diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. She was then started on psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment, with simultaneous spiritual therapy. CONCLUSIONS This case report describes the link between susuk implantation and psychological illness. Even though there are no reports that specifically correlate susuk with generalized anxiety disorder, it has been established that guilt and shame have a strong relationship with anxiety.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hyperemesis gravidarum: A systematic review and quality appraisal with AGREE II

Wong ZY, Ou KQ, Prasad A, Say WX, Nalliah S

Aust J Gen Pract, 2022 10;51(10):758-765.
PMID: 36184858 DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-01-22-6288

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nausea, vomiting and hyperemesis in early pregnancy are common in primary care, and hospital care is required in severe cases. The aim of this review is to appraise relevant clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to manage hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) by using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) checklist.
METHOD: A systematic search was conducted employing PubMed, Cochrane and ScienceDirect from inception until May 2021. The quality of four CPGs were evaluated by two appraisers independently using the AGREE II checklist.
RESULTS: Four international CPGs that fulfilled the criteria were included in this review; all scored over 50% according to the AGREE II tool. Applying a modified categorisation standard, CPGs were considered as either 'recommended' or 'recommended with modifications'.
DISCUSSION: The synthesis of all four CPGs suggested similar management strategies for HG, with minor differences. Medical practitioners could use the guiding principles of management on the basis of the needs of individual patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext The Gambling Behaviour and Attitudes to Sports Betting of Sports Fans

Seal E, Cardak BA, Nicholson M, Donaldson A, O'Halloran P, Randle E, et al.

J Gambl Stud, 2022 Dec;38(4):1371-1403.
PMID: 35106695 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10101-7

Survey responses from a sample of nearly 15,000 Australian sports fans were used to study the determinants of: (i) gambling behaviour, including if a person does gamble and the type of gambling engaged with; (ii) the number of sports and non-sports bets made over a 12-month period; and (iii) attitudes towards betting on sports. The probability of betting on sports decreased with increasing age and was lower for women and people with a university education. This gender difference varied with age, with the greatest difference found among the young. Similar effects were observed for the number of sports bets made, which declined with age. The gender difference in the number of sports bets also varied with age with the greatest difference found among the young arising from the high propensity of young men to bet on sports. Attitudes to sports betting were also analysed, with a key finding that, within friendship circles, the views that sports betting is perceived as harmless, common and very much a part of enjoying sports were stronger among young men. These permissive attitudes were stronger among people who bet on sports and those who bet on sports more frequently. The analysis of sports fans provides insights into the characteristics of the target market most likely to bet on sports, which can be used to inform public health initiatives and harm reduction campaigns.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
What do we know about porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) diagnosis so far?: A review

Tan CY, Lin CN, Ooi PT

Transbound Emerg Dis, 2021 Nov;68(6):2915-2935.
PMID: 34110095 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14185

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) was first discovered in 2016, almost concomitantly by two groups of researchers in the United States. The novel case was reported in a group of sows with chronic reproductive problems with clinical presentation alike porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), where metagenomic sequencing revealed a genetically divergent porcine circovirus designated PCV3. The discovery of PCV3 in a PDNS case, which used to be considered as part of PCVAD attributed to PCV2 (porcine circovirus 2), has garnered attention and effort in further research of the novel virus. Just when an infectious molecular DNA clone of PCV3 has been developed and successfully used in an in vivo pathogenicity study, yet another novel PCV strain surfaced, designated PCV4 (porcine circovirus 4). So far, PCV3 has been reported in domestic swine population globally at low to moderate prevalence, from almost all sample types including organ tissues, faecal, semen and colostrum samples. PCV3 has been associated with a myriad of clinical presentations, from PDNS to porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). This review paper summarizes the studies on PCV3 to date, with focus on diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Morphological and genetic revision of cytoform 'L' of the Simulium (Simulium) tani complex from Taiwan, and cytoform 'D' of the S. (S.) suzukii complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Nansei Islands, Japan

Takaoka H, Otsuka Y, Low VL, Adler PH, Fukuda M, Huang YT, et al.

Acta Trop, 2021 Dec;224:106124.
PMID: 34508715 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106124

The species status of two cytoforms of two species complexes in the Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum species-group, which are almost indistinguishable in the pupal stage, was morphologically and genetically evaluated. Cytoform 'L' of the S. (S.) tani Takaoka & Davies complex, previously recognized as S. (S.) suzukii Rubtsov in Taiwan, is described as a new species, S. (S.) jianshiense. It is morphologically distinguishable as adults from two members of the S. (S.) suzukii complex: cytoform 'C' from Hokkaido, selected to represent the type of S. (S.) suzukii sensu stricto, and cytoform 'D' from Okinawa Island and, based on our chromosomal analysis, also from Amami Island. This new species is genetically separated from both cytoforms of the S. (S.) suzukii complex with a genetic distance of 5.31-6.67%. Cytoform 'D' is distinguished from cytoform 'C' by the color of the male forecoxa and relative length of the female sensory vesicle to the third maxillary palpomere. Accordingly, the name S. (S.) ryukyuense Ogata, once regarded as a synonym of S. (S.) suzukii, is revalidated and applied to cytoform 'D'. The genetic distance between S. (S.) ryukyuense and S. (S.) suzukii sensu stricto is 1.24-1.60%.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
A review of the Drepanosticta carmichaeli-group, with the description of D. wildermuthi sp. nov. from the Central Highlands of Vietnam (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae)

Phan QT, Yokoi N, Makbun N, Joshi S, Subramanian KA, Ngo QP, et al.

Zootaxa, 2021 Nov 10;5067(2):187-210.
PMID: 34810750 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5067.2.2

A modified and expanded definition of the Drepanosticta carmichaeli-group is given. This includes the species: D. annandalei Fraser, 1924, D. brownelli Tinkham, 1938, D. carmichaeli (Laidlaw, 1915), D. emtrai Dow, Kompier Phan, 2018, D. hongkongensis Wilson, 1997, D. jurzitzai Hmlinen, 1999, D. sumatrana Sasamoto Karube, 2007, D. tenella Lieftinck, 1935, D. vietnamica Asahina, 1997 and D. wildermuthi sp. nov.). The species of the group are reviewed and in most cases illustrated, diagnostic notes are given wherever possible. Drepanosticta polychromatica Fraser, 1931 is considered to be a junior synonym of D. carmichaeli and variation in D. carmichaeli is discussed. Drepanosticta wildermuthi sp. nov. from the Central Highlands of Vietnam (holotype male from Bao Loc district, Lam Dong Province) is described. The female of D. jurzitzai Hmlinen, 1999 is described for the first time. A key to the males of the Drepanosticta carmichaeli-group is provided.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
On the taxonomic status of Oriental populations of the genus Bosminopsis Richard, 1895 (Crustacea: Cladocera)

Garibian PG, Sanoamuang LO, Kotov AA

Zootaxa, 2021 Oct 14;5052(2):111-129.
PMID: 34810875 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.2.6

It is widely accepted among the Cladocera (Crustacea) taxonomists that almost all cosmopolitan taxa are represented by some un-revised complexes of cryptic species. But many macro taxa of the cladocerans are still unrevised. The aim of this work is to analyze the taxonomic status of Oriental populations of the genus Bosminopsis Richard, 1895 (Anomopoda: Bosminidae) based on morphological characters. We have studied populations from India, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea and concluded that Oriental populations belong to a single species, Bosminopsis africanus (Daday, 1908), initially described from Africa. Analysis of literature data confirms that is widely distributed through whole Oriental zone. A single large mucro, or the mucro accompanied by an additional small spine in both sexes, is the main trait which differentiates B. africanus from B. zernowi Linko, 1901 distributed in more northern regions of Eurasia.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext A Taiwan's experience: A case report and review of literature of successful early intrauterine treatment with radiofrequency ablation in twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence

Chan KS, Chuang YC, Lin TY, Shaw SW

J Formos Med Assoc, 2021 Jun;120(6):1394-1399.
PMID: 33583701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.01.022

Acardiac twin or twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare medical complication of Monozygotic twins. Taiwanese Obstetricians usually treat TRAP sequence conservatively. Occasionally, repeated amnio-reduction is performed to decompress the polyhydramnios caused by the TRAP sequence, even though there was no correction of the pathophysiologic mechanism. Radiofrequency ablation is a minimally invasive, percutaneous technique that can effectively obliterate blood supply to an acardiac twin to preserve and protect the pump twin. This recent technique has never been used before for the treatment of the TRAP sequence in Taiwan. This article reported the first-hand experience of acardiac twin management with RFA in Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

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