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Factors associated with illegal motorcycle street racing and help-seeking intention

Wong LP

Behav Med, 2012;38(2):54-63.
PMID: 22676631 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2012.661804

The study aimed to identify the factors associated with street racing among the illegal motorcycle racers in Malaysia also known as the Mat Rempit, and their help-seeking intention. A total of 2,022 Mat Rempit were surveyed. The findings support the notion that experience-seeking, prestige-seeking, excitement-seeking, self-satisfaction, underestimate risk, and social influence were factors influencing illegal motorcycle street racing. The overall intention to seek help was extremely low. The majority (77.9%) reported that they would solve the problem themselves and 75.5% thought that illegal street racing is not big deal and would go away in time. Participants with neither (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.27-0.62) or at least one parent who is strict (OR 0.52; 95% 0.37-0.73) were less likely to have high help-seeking intention than those with both parents who are strict. Study indicates a need for family-centered intervention to curb illegal street racing.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
Effect of current breastfeeding on sleep patterns in infants from Asia-Pacific region

Ramamurthy MB, Sekartini R, Ruangdaraganon N, Huynh DH, Sadeh A, Mindell JA

J Paediatr Child Health, 2012 Aug;48(8):669-74.
PMID: 22616943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2012.02453.x

AIM:
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between breastfeeding and sleep patterns in infants from Asia-Pacific region.

METHODS:
Parents of 10 321 infants (0-11 months) from Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam completed an expanded version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire.

RESULTS:
Overall, 4714 (45.72%) were currently being breastfed; 61.3% of those between 0 and 5 months and 36.6% of those between 6 and 11 months. Currently breastfed infants, when compared with not currently breastfed infants, had a significant increase in the number and duration of night-time wakings and less consolidated sleep. Interestingly, currently breastfed infants less than 6 months also showed longer duration of daytime sleep and obtained more sleep overall. Of note, of those who were currently breastfed, those infants who were nursed back to sleep during night, woke up more often at night (2.41 vs. 1.67 times) and had shorter continuous night-time sleep period (5.58 vs. 6.88 h; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding infants in the number of night wakings, when the nursing to sleep variable was controlled for in the analysis of variance.

CONCLUSION:
Breastfeeding is associated with reduced sleep consolidation in infants. This relationship, however, may be moderated by parenting practices of nursing to sleep and back to sleep during the night. Thus, parents of infants with night waking problems should be encouraged to limit the association between nursing and falling to sleep, to improve sleep while maintaining breastfeeding.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
Fulltext Patient satisfaction analysis on service quality of dental health care based on empathy and responsiveness

Dewi FD, Sudjana G, Oesman YM

Dent Res J (Isfahan), 2011 Oct;8(4):172-7.
PMID: 22135687 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.86032

BACKGROUND: Transformation of health care is underway from sellers' market to consumers' market, where the satisfaction of the patients' need is a primary concern while defining the service quality. Hence, commitment to provide a high-quality service and achieving patients' satisfaction becomes an important issue for dental health care provider. The aim of this research is to investigate the quality of dental health care service based on empathy and responsiveness aspects.
METHODS: A total of 90 questionnaires were completed by the dental patients who came to dental polyclinic located in Government Hospital, West Java, Indonesia. The questionnaire was concerned on two dimensions of service quality model, i.e. empathy and responsiveness. The obtained data were analyzed using inferential statistics (t test) and also descriptive statistics with importance-performance analysis.
RESULTS: All the attributes tested by t test showed that perception and expectation differed significantly, except for responsiveness, i.e. ability of dental assistants in assisting the dentist (t test 0.505

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
Fulltext A study on organizational factors that influence job stress among medical laboratory technologists in klang valley hospitals

Aniza I, Malini R, Khalib L

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65(2):103-7.
PMID: 23756791 MyJurnal

A cross-sectional study on organizational factors that influences job stress was carried out among Medical Laboratory Technologists (MLT) in Klang Valley's Hospitals. There were three organizational factors that were measured, interpersonal factor, job condition and career development. A total of 249 respondents participated in this study, 126 were from the private hospitals and 123 from the government hospitals. The prevalence of stress was found higher in the private hospitals with the percentage of 16.7% compared to the government hospitals of 15.4%. All three organizational factors were significantly associated with job stress (interpersonal factor p <0.001, job condition p<0.001 and career development p < 0.001). Management team in hospitals as well as the laboratory managers should introduce stress prevention programmes to assist MLTs in stress management.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
Fulltext A Survey on The Knowledge, Attitude and Confidence Level of Adult Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Among Junior Doctors in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

Chew F Z A W M N KS, Mohd Hashairi F, Ida Zarina Z, Shaik Farid AW, Abu Yazid MN, Nik Hisamuddin NA

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Mar;66(1):56-9.
PMID: 23765145 MyJurnal

Junior doctors are often the "first line" doctors called to attend to patients in cardiac arrest. We performed an anonymous questionnaire study from October 2008 to December 2008 to assess the knowledge, attitude and skill of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among junior doctors in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II. Out of the 100 questionnaire forms sent out, 70 were returned completed. The majority (85.8%) stated that they were not confident of managing a resuscitation case. There was a statistically significant (p<0.001) association between duration of clinical practice and confidence level. Up to 77.1% said that BLS should be re-certified every two years.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
Fulltext Learning resources and activities: students' feedback from two Malaysian medical schools

Leong KC, Teng CL, Ng CJ

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Aug;62(3):265-7.
PMID: 18246926

In a survey of clinical students in two Malaysian medical schools, it was found that students used a wide variety of learning resources, but textbooks were still the primary source of their information. Students had positive views about clinical teaching and lectures but somewhat lower opinions on problem-based learning. They generally did not perceive lecturers as facilitators, role models and counselors. In spite of the stated curricular goals of promoting self-directed learning via problem-based learning, students in these medical schools were driven by the nature of examinations and focused mainly on clinical contents rather than the process of learning.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
Promoting problem-based learning (PBL) in nursing education: A Malaysian experience

Achike FI, Nain N

Nurse Educ Pract, 2005 Sep;5(5):302-11.
PMID: 19040837 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2005.04.002

Since the introduction of problem-based learning (PBL) into medical education in the late 1960s, several new and old medical schools have adopted this approach the main attraction of which includes the promotion of student-centered and life-long learning, team spirit, communication skills and enquiry. With an ever-increasing information base and changing attitudes in the health sciences, these are highly desirable characteristics of the health worker of the future, who will be required to grapple with these phenomenal changes. From medical education, the PBL approach has inevitably spread to other disciplines, especially the health-related disciplines. In the Asia-pacific region (Malaysia in particular), PBL was introduced into medical education in the early 1970s, but the growth has been slow; the reasons are discussed. Only recently (in the 1990s) have more medical and non-medical schools started to adopt PBL. The management of the Pantai Institute of Health Science and Nursing decided to adopt PBL for the Nursing curriculum. A one-day introductory workshop was, therefore, organized to expedite the process. Post-workshop feedback obtained through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire indicated a successful outcome. The workshop process is, therefore, documented as reference especially for Nursing colleges in places where PBL expertise is in short supply.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
A pilot survey on perceptions and knowledge of generic medicines among consumers in Penang, Malaysia

Al-Gedadi NA, Hassali MA, Shafie AA

Pharm Pract (Granada), 2008 Apr;6(2):93-7.
PMID: 25157287

OBJECTIVE: To explore the consumers' perceptions and knowledge towards issues surrounding generic medicines utilization in Penang, Malaysia.
METHODS: A cross sectional survey was conducted with consumers who attended the annual University open day. Using convenience sampling, survey forms were distributed to the respective consumers via the help of a group of trained 1st year pharmacy students. For a period of 5 days, 400 respondents had participated in the survey. Analysis of the response from the collected forms yielded in 396 usable forms.
RESULTS: Only 28.3% (n=112) of the respondents were familiar with the term "generic medicines". More than 70% of the respondents do not know that generic medicines can be marketed under different names. About 34% (n=38) of consumers stated that they had been given information regarding generics by their pharmacists. In terms of side effects, about 32% (n=127) of the respondents felt that generic medicines may cause more side effects than branded medicines. Majority of the consumers surveyed (64%) understand that generic cost less compared to their branded counterparts.
CONCLUSION: This survey showed that there is a gap in consumers' knowledge and understanding about generic medicines. The findings also suggest that direct patient education by the healthcare providers on issues relating to safety and efficacy of generic medicines could further enhance their uptake.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
A survey of perceived stress among undergraduate dental students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Rosli TI, Abdul Rahman R, Abdul Rahman SR, Ramli R

Singapore Dent J, 2005 Dec;27(1):17-22.
PMID: 16438264

The objectives of this study were to determine the sources of stress among undergraduate dental students, and to compare the sources of stress among the 5 years of undergraduate study, between gender, and with other studies done elsewhere. A total of 325 students across the 5 academic years (88.8% response rate) of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, completed the modified Dental Environment Stress questionnaire. All respondents reported that they experienced some form of stress. The preclinical students reported that examinations and fear of failure caused the most stress. The main stressor for clinical students was clinical training, particularly factors relating to meeting clinical requirements. Female students perceived more stress generally than male students. However, male students were more stressed when faced with factors related to clinical training.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
The Application of Ibadah (Worship) in Counseling: Its Importance and Implications to Muslim Clients

Hanin Hamjah S, Mat Akhir NS, Ismail Z, Ismail A, Mohd Arib N

J Relig Health, 2017 Aug;56(4):1302-1310.
PMID: 26359049 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0122-6

Ibadah is one of the important components in Islamic teachings other than aqidah (belief) and akhlaq (moral). Its importance is determined through the purpose for creation of humans, namely to be devoted to Allah. In the context of counseling discipline, however, the element of ibadah or worship (submission) of Allah is not applied in the counseling process and is not recognized as one of the spiritual therapies able to help the client know his true potential in decision-making and problem-solving. Hence, the purpose of this study is to determine the importance of applying ibadah in counseling and its implications to the client. This study selects survey research as the method to collect data from clients. A set of questionnaire instruments was constructed and distributed to 30 clients selected through convenience sampling. Data obtained from research questionnaire are then analyzed using descriptive statistical technique. Research outcome finds that application of ibadah is very important in counseling and has four implications for the client: the client is able to control his behavior, gain peace of mind, control his emotions and becomes increasingly diligent in ibadah.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
Fulltext Scleractinian corals (Fungiidae, Agariciidae and Euphylliidae) of Pulau Layang-Layang, Spratly Islands, with a note on Pavonamaldivensis (Gardiner, 1905)

Waheed Z, Benzoni F, van der Meij SE, Terraneo TI, Hoeksema BW

Zookeys, 2015.
PMID: 26312025 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.517.9308

Layang-Layang is a small island part of an oceanic atoll in the Spratly Islands off Sabah, Malaysia. As the reef coral fauna in this part of the South China Sea is poorly known, a survey was carried out in 2013 to study the species composition of the scleractinian coral families Fungiidae, Agariciidae and Euphylliidae. A total of 56 species was recorded. The addition of three previously reported coral species brings the total to 59, consisting of 32 Fungiidae, 22 Agariciidae, and five Euphylliidae. Of these, 32 species are new records for Layang-Layang, which include five rarely reported species, i.e., the fungiids Lithophyllonranjithi, Podabaciasinai, Sandalolithaboucheti, and the agariciids Leptoseriskalayaanensis and Leptoseristroglodyta. The coral fauna of Layang-Layang is poor compared to other areas in Sabah, which may be related to its recovery from a crown-of-thorns seastar outbreak in 2010, and its low habitat diversity, which is dominated by reef slopes consisting of steep outer walls. Based on integrative molecular and morphological analyses, a Pavona variety with small and extremely thin coralla was revealed as Pavonamaldivensis. Since specimens from Sabah previously identified as Pavonamaldivensis were found to belong to Pavonaexplanulata, the affinities and distinctions of Pavonamaldivensis and Pavonaexplanulata are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
A study on the use of abbreviations among doctors and nurses in the medical department of a tertiary hospital in Malaysia

Koh KC, Lau KM, Yusof SA, Mohamad AI, Shahabuddin FS, Ahmat NH, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2015 Dec;70(6):334-40.
PMID: 26988205 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: Misinterpretation of abbreviations by healthcare professionals has been reported to compromise patient safety. This study was done to determine the prevalence of abbreviations usage among medical doctors and nurses and their ability to interpret commonly used abbreviations in medical practice.
METHODS: Seventy-seven medical doctors and eighty nurses answered a self-administered questionnaire designed to capture demographic data and information regarding abbreviation use in medical practice. Comparisons were made between doctors and nurses with regards to frequency and reasons for using abbreviations; from where abbreviations were learned; frequency of encountering abbreviations in medical practice; prevalence of medical errors due to misinterpretation of abbreviations; and their ability to correctly interpret commonly used abbreviations.
RESULTS: The use of abbreviations was highly prevalent among doctors and nurses. Time saving, avoidance of writing sentences in full and convenience, were the main reasons for using abbreviations. Doctors learned abbreviations from fellow doctors while nurses learned from fellow nurses and doctors. More doctors than nurses reported encountering abbreviations. Both groups reported no difficulties in interpreting abbreviations although nurses reported often resorting to guesswork. Both groups felt abbreviations were necessary and an acceptable part of work. Doctors outperformed nurses in correctly interpreting commonly used standard and non-standard abbreviations.
CONCLUSION: The use of standard and non-standard abbreviation in clinical practice by doctors and nurses was highly prevalent. Significant variability in interpretation of abbreviations exists between doctors and nurses.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
Fulltext The First Estimates of Marbled Cat Pardofelis marmorata Population Density from Bornean Primary and Selectively Logged Forest

Hearn AJ, Ross J, Bernard H, Bakar SA, Hunter LT, Macdonald DW

PLoS One, 2016;11(3):e0151046.
PMID: 27007219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151046

The marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata is a poorly known wild cat that has a broad distribution across much of the Indomalayan ecorealm. This felid is thought to exist at low population densities throughout its range, yet no estimates of its abundance exist, hampering assessment of its conservation status. To investigate the distribution and abundance of marbled cats we conducted intensive, felid-focused camera trap surveys of eight forest areas and two oil palm plantations in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Study sites were broadly representative of the range of habitat types and the gradient of anthropogenic disturbance and fragmentation present in contemporary Sabah. We recorded marbled cats from all forest study areas apart from a small, relatively isolated forest patch, although photographic detection frequency varied greatly between areas. No marbled cats were recorded within the plantations, but a single individual was recorded walking along the forest/plantation boundary. We collected sufficient numbers of marbled cat photographic captures at three study areas to permit density estimation based on spatially explicit capture-recapture analyses. Estimates of population density from the primary, lowland Danum Valley Conservation Area and primary upland, Tawau Hills Park, were 19.57 (SD: 8.36) and 7.10 (SD: 1.90) individuals per 100 km2, respectively, and the selectively logged, lowland Tabin Wildlife Reserve yielded an estimated density of 10.45 (SD: 3.38) individuals per 100 km2. The low detection frequencies recorded in our other survey sites and from published studies elsewhere in its range, and the absence of previous density estimates for this felid suggest that our density estimates may be from the higher end of their abundance spectrum. We provide recommendations for future marbled cat survey approaches.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
Diversity and human perceptions of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in Southeast Asian megacities

Sing KW, Wang WZ, Wan T, Lee PS, Li ZX, Chen X, et al.

Genome, 2016 Oct;59(10):827-839.
PMID: 27327818

Urbanization requires the conversion of natural land cover to cover with human-constructed elements and is considered a major threat to biodiversity. Bee populations, globally, are under threat; however, the effect of rapid urban expansion in Southeast Asia on bee diversity has not been investigated. Given the pressing issues of bee conservation and urbanization in Southeast Asia, coupled with complex factors surrounding human-bee coexistence, we investigated bee diversity and human perceptions of bees in four megacities. We sampled bees and conducted questionnaires at three different site types in each megacity: a botanical garden, central business district, and peripheral suburban areas. Overall, the mean species richness and abundance of bees were significantly higher in peripheral suburban areas than central business districts; however, there were no significant differences in the mean species richness and abundance between botanical gardens and peripheral suburban areas or botanical gardens and central business districts. Urban residents were unlikely to have seen bees but agreed that bees have a right to exist in their natural environment. Residents who did notice and interact with bees, even though being stung, were more likely to have positive opinions towards the presence of bees in cities.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
Travel itinerary uncertainty and the pre-travel consultation--a pilot study

Flaherty G, Md Nor MN

J Travel Med, 2016 Jan;23(1).
PMID: 26782127 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/tav010

Risk assessment relies on the accuracy of the information provided by the traveller. A questionnaire was administered to 83 consecutive travellers attending a travel medicine clinic. The majority of travellers was uncertain about destinations within countries, transportation or type of accommodation. Most travellers were uncertain if they would be visiting malaria regions. The degree of uncertainty about itinerary potentially impacts on the ability of the travel medicine specialist to perform an adequate risk assessment, select appropriate vaccinations and prescribe malaria prophylaxis. This study reveals high levels of traveller uncertainty about their itinerary which may potentially reduce the effectiveness of their pre-travel consultation.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thua Thien Hue and Lam Dong Provinces, Vietnam

Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Ya'cob Z, Chen CD, Lau KW, Pham XD

Zootaxa, 2015;3961(1):1-96.
PMID: 26249374 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3961.1.1

Surveys of pupae and larvae of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) were carried out in Thua Thien Hue Province of central Vietnam, and Lam Dong Province of southern Vietnam in 2014. A total of 26 species belonging to the genus Simulium were collected, consisting of eight known species, one newly recorded species, and 17 new species (of which three species of the subgenus Nevermannia were described in 2014). The remaining 14 new species (nine of the subgenus Gomphostilbia and five of the subgenus Simulium) are described here based on females, males, pupae and mature larvae. The total number of species of black flies in Vietnam is now 46. Keys to identify all 26 species recorded from the two provinces of Vietnam are given for females, males, pupae and mature larvae.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
Perception of community pharmacists towards the barriers to enhanced pharmacy services in the healthcare system of Dubai: a quantitative approach

Rayes IK, Hassali MA, Abduelkarem AR

Pharm Pract (Granada), 2015 06 15;13(2):506.
PMID: 26131039

BACKGROUND: In many developing countries, pharmacists are facing many challenges while they try to enhance the quality of services provided to patients approaching community pharmacies.
OBJECTIVE: To explore perception of community pharmacists in Dubai regarding the obstacles to enhanced pharmacy services using a part of the results from a nation-wide quantitative survey.
METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed to 281 full-time licensed community pharmacists in Dubai. The questionnaire had 5 inter-linked sections: demographic information, information about the pharmacy, interaction with physicians, pharmacists' current professional role, and barriers to enhanced pharmacy services.
RESULTS: About half of the respondents (45.4%, n=90) agreed that pharmacy clients under-estimate them and 52.5% (n=104) felt the same by physicians. About 47.5% (n=94) of the respondents felt that they are legally unprotected against profession's malpractice. Moreover, 64.7% (n=128) stated that pharmacy practice in Dubai turned to be business-focused. In addition, 76.8% (n=252) found that one of the major barriers to enhanced pharmacy services is the high business running cost. Pharmacists screened tried to prove that they are not one of the barriers to optimized pharmacy services as 62.7% (n=124) disagreed that they lack appropriate knowledge needed to serve community and 67.7% (n=134) gave the same response when asked whether pharmacy staff lack confidence when treating consumers or not.
CONCLUSIONS: Although being well established within the community, pharmacists in Dubai negatively perceived their own professional role. They stated that there are number of barriers which hinder optimized delivery of pharmacy services like under-estimation by pharmacy clients and other healthcare professionals, pressure to make sales, and high running cost.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
Fulltext Reliability and validity of the Malay version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ - 12) among urological patients

Quek KF, Low WY, Razack AH, Chua CB, Loh CS

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Jun;57(2):169-77.
PMID: 24326647

The aim of the study was to validate the Malay version of the General Quentionnaire (GHQ-12) in patients with psychiatric morbidity secondary to urological disorder. Validity and reliability were studied in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and patients without LUTS. Internal consistency was excellent. A high degree of internal consistency was observed for each of the 12 items and total scores (Cronbach's alpha value = 0.50 and higher and 0.65 respectively. Test-retest correlation coefficient for the 12 items scores was highly significant. Intraclass correlation coefficient was high (ICC=0.47 and above). A significant level between baseline and post-treatment scores were observed across 3 items in the surgical group. The Mal-GHQ-12 is a suitable, reliable, valid and sensitive to clinical change in the Malaysian population.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
A survey of essential national health research in nine developing countries

Figueroa JP, Baris E, Chandiwana S, Kvaale E

West Indian Med J, 2002 Jun;51(2):97-101.
PMID: 12232950

A survey of Essential National Health Research (ENHR) was conducted between December 1997 and November 1998 in nine developing countries. A total of 27 respondents from seven South East Asian and two Caribbean countries completed questionnaires. Respondents included 14 men and 13 women with a median age of 48 years (range 25-69 years); 15 were researchers, seven were health providers, three policy makers and one a community representative (one no response). ENHR was formally adopted in five countries mainly through public policy statements. Seven countries had a mechanism in place for promotion of ENHR and national meetings were held in five countries in the year prior to the survey. A special activity was conducted in order to define health research priorities in eight countries and a list of these priorities was available in seven countries. The level of ENHR activity was ranked as low or moderate in most countries except India and Malaysia which were rated as moderate to high. Three countries reported that the process resulted in new or additional funds being made available for research, while India reported available funds being reallocated to meet the priorities defined. The respondents of six countries said that ENHR networking had led to tangible results, including improved collaboration among researchers and research institutions and the sharing of resources among different organizations (five countries). The ENHR process had resulted in research findings being used to formulate or change health policy in five countries. Most countries had not produced any new research protocols through the ENHR process. However, there were 250 new research protocols in India and 68 in Pakistan, of which 20 and between 25 and 35, respectively, were funded and 15 peer reviewed articles had been published from India. This survey does suggest that the ENHR process may be promoting health research on priority health problems and the use of results to formulate policy in selected countries. However, it is too early to assess the contribution of ENHR to health and development and a variety of different studies would be needed to conduct this assessment.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires
Cost effectiveness of ergonomic redesign of electronic motherboard

Sen RN, Yeow PH

Appl Ergon, 2003 Sep;34(5):453-63.
PMID: 12963331

A case study to illustrate the cost effectiveness of ergonomic redesign of electronic motherboard was presented. The factory was running at a loss due to the high costs of rejects and poor quality and productivity. Subjective assessments and direct observations were made on the factory. Investigation revealed that due to motherboard design errors, the machine had difficulty in placing integrated circuits onto the pads, the operators had much difficulty in manual soldering certain components and much unproductive manual cleaning (MC) was required. Consequently, there were high rejects and occupational health and safety (OHS) problems, such as, boredom and work discomfort. Also, much labour and machine costs were spent on repairs. The motherboard was redesigned to correct the design errors, to allow more components to be machine soldered and to reduce MC. This eliminated rejects, reduced repairs, saved US dollars 581495/year and improved operators' OHS. The customer also saved US dollars 142105/year on loss of business.

Matched MeSH terms: Surveys and Questionnaires

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