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Longitudinal study on physical growth of primary school children in Malaysia

Chen ST

Med J Malaysia, 1977 Sep;32(1):17-21.
PMID: 609337
Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
A study of the aetiology of vertigo in Malaysia

Ponniah RD

Med J Malaysia, 1977 Sep;32(1):41-4.
PMID: 609342
Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Multiple sclerosis. The neuropathology of a case with a plea

Arumugasamy N

Med J Malaya, 1969 Sep;24(1):45-8.
PMID: 4243843
Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Heights and weights of a sample of Malaysian children

Tan PC, Wong CL

Med J Malaya, 1969 Sep;24(1):12-7.
PMID: 4243835
Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome: a case report

Abdul Rashid AM, Md Noh MSF

BMC Neurol, 2018 May 29;18(1):76.
PMID: 29843624 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-018-1079-3

BACKGROUND: Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome is a rare condition of unknown frequency resulting from brain injury due to a multitude of causes; especially in early life. Characteristics include cerebral hemiatrophy/hypoplasia, contralateral hemiparesis, seizures, and compensatory osseous hypertrophy.
CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 13-year-old girl who initially presented with headaches, followed by episodic complex-partial seizures; which was controlled via medication. She also had right sided hemiparesis. Computed tomography (CT) showed evidence of left parieto-temporal infarct with cerebral atrophy. Complementary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not reveal additional information. Workup for young stroke was negative. Upon further evaluation by Neuroradiology, features suggesting Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome were confirmed. Patient has been under Neurology follow up since.
CONCLUSIONS: Due to its rarity, Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome may easily be missed by the majority of treating clinicians. Knowledge of its features on imaging enables timely and accurate diagnosis - allowing appropriate management.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext A research review: how technology helps to improve the learning process of learners with dyslexia

Chai JT, Chen CJ

Journal of Cognitive Sciences & Human Development, 2017;2(2):26-43.
MyJurnal

Dyslexia is a language disorder that leads to difficulty with words and it is the most common type of learning disability. This article presents a systematic review on the current state of assistive technologies used in improving the learning process of learn-ers with dyslexia. A total of 25 journals articles and international conference papers published between 2000 and 2014 were included in the review. The research articles were collected from 12 databases and analyzed based on the qualitative cyclical pro-cess. A majority of the studies focused on children and adolescents. Four main themes on the types of technologies used in aiding the learning process of learners with dys-lexia are derived and discussed. These include text-to-speech, eye-tracking, virtual learning environments, and games. The text-to-speech technology is the most common type of technology used by learners with dyslexia. In terms of the roles played by the assistive technologies, another four emerging themes are identified, which cover the roles of aiding reading, writing, memory, and mathematics. The review also discovers that a majority of these studies focus on the use of technologies for improving the reading ability of learners with dyslexia.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Norms for eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) among secondary school students in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Musa, R., Haniff, J., Bujang, M.A., Mohamad, N.A., Omar, K., Radeef, A.S.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2016;15(2):57-61.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) has been widely used as a tool to
detect eating disorders. We aimed to identify the EDE-Q normative data among secondary school students in
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving four secondary schools in an
urban area. The respondents of secondary school students were selected using stratified sampling. Results:
There were 298 teenagers 12 to 17 years of age who participated in the study. The EDE-Q mean scores ±
standard deviation was 1.27 ± 1.08 for the total score (Global Score), 0.78 ± 0.95 for Restraint Domain, 1.02
± 1.03 for Eating Concern, 1.76 ± 1.55 for Shape Concern and 1.54 ± 1.43 for Weight Concern. Conclusion:
Mean values obtained from this study were relatively lower when compared to western populations. Shape
Concern and Weight Concern had higher scores compared to the other domains. These values are useful for
EDE-Q interpretation in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext A case of missed giant bullae emphysema diagnosed as pneumothorax

Ong, S.F., Nik Azlan, N.M.

Medicine & Health, 2017;12(1):90-93.
MyJurnal

We report a case of a giant bullous emphysema misdiagnosed as a pneumothorax. A 18-year-old chronic smoker presented with right sided chest pain and dyspnoea. Initial respiratory rate was 35 /min, blood pressure was 136/90 mmHg, heart rate 80/min and SpO2 was 98% on room air. Clinical examination revealed reduced right air entry and left trachea deviation. Chest X-ray helped to arrive at a diagnosis of pneumothorax. Needle aspiration was then performed followed by a chest tube thoracostomy because of no improvement. Massive amount of blood was drained and patient deteriorated further. CT thorax revealed a right haemopneumothorax with multiple bullaes. Patient was rushed to OT for emergency thoracotomy for stapling of the ruptured bullae. Giant bullous emphysema can mimic pneumothorax and physician must be vigilant if draining a suspected pneumothorax.
Keywords: emphysema, haemopneumothorax, thoracostomy, thorax

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext A case of missed thoracic fracture masquerading as intra-abdominal injury

Amin,O., Nik Azlan, N.M., Afliza, A.B.

Medicine & Health, 2017;12(1):127-130.
MyJurnal

Altered mental status in the setting of polytrauma poses a challenge to the emergency team managing the patient. The tendency to miss positive findings in these circumstances increases several folds due to multiple factors such as depressed mental status/intoxication, presence of distracting injuries and concurrent life-threatening injuries that require more urgent attention. In view of this, NEXUS (National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study) criteria of clearing the cervical spine was adopted and used worldwide. Consensus on clearance of the other parts of spine is still lacking. This case reports highlights the findings in a 18-yrs-old male who presented with altered mental status, facial pain and abrasion, following a motor vehicle accident. Facial bone fracture was diagnosed and he was discharged. Three days later, he came with severe epigastric pain. Tenderness on palpation was noted at the spine and Computed Tomography (CT) scan was done. Multiple thoracic vertebra fractures were seen. As a conclusion, thorough primary and secondary survey should be done in patients who have regained full consciousness prior to discharge in order to avoid overlooking other serious injuries.
Keywords: altered, CT scan, fracture, mental status, thoracic vertebra

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Children and e-cigarettes: a new threat to health

Binns C, Lee MK, Low WY

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2018 05;30(4):315-320.
PMID: 29978722 DOI: 10.1177/1010539518783808

The widespread availability and use of e-cigarettes in many countries has established the need for an assessment of their effect on children. By the end of 2017 the number published annually on e-cigarettes had increased to 2976 and included 171 papers on e-cigarettes and children. The objective of this commentary is to provide a review and public health perspective on the effects of e-cigarettes on children. There are four public health questions to be answered: 1. Are e-cigarettes and replenishing fluids toxic on accidental ingestion? 2. If children smoke e-cigarettes is this harmful? 3. Does exposure to second hand vapour from e-cigarettes cause harm to children? 4. Are children (adolescents) who use e-cigarettes more likely to begin smoking conventional cigarettes? There were 2229 reported exposures to e-cigarette fluids and liquid nicotine in the USA in 2017 causing cardiovascular symptoms of varying severity. No deaths were reported although the potential is always there. Exposure to e-cigarette vapor is less dangerous than cigarette smoke. However it does damage pulmonary endothelium in experimental models. No long term studies are yet available on chronic diseases although vapor does contain carcinogens. Adolescents who use e-cigarettes are more likely to become tobacco smokers. Because of the accumulating evidence of harm to children great caution should be exercised in widening the public promotion and usage of e-cigarettes. Children should avoid any contact with E-cigarettes or their vapour.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext A review of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease research in Malaysia

Hung LC, Nadia R

Med J Malaysia, 2016 06;71(Suppl 1):79-86.
PMID: 27801390 MyJurnal

A total of 39 titles related to rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease in Malaysia were found with online literature search dating back to their inceptions and through 2014. Additional publications from conference journals were included. Nine papers were selected based on clinical relevance and future research implications. There were no population-based studies on the incidence or prevalence of ARF or RHD. In the 1980s, the incidence of admission due to ARF ranged from 2 to 21.1 per 100 000 paediatric admission per year. The burden of disease was significant in the adult population; 74.5% of patients with RHD were female, of which 77.1% were in the reproductive age group of 15-45 years old. Rheumatic mitral valve disease constituted almost half (46.7%) of all mitral valve repairs, ranging from 44.8 - 55.8 patients per year from 1997 - 2003. From 2010-2012, mitral valve interventions increased to 184 per year, of which 85.7% were mitral valve repair. In children with ARF, 25.4% - 41.7% had past history of rheumatic fever or RHD. In patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease undergoing surgical or medical interventions, only 6% reported history of ARF, none had history of GABHS pharyngitis or antibiotic prophylaxis. Only 44.7% of patients with RHD on follow-up were on intramuscular benzathine penicillin prophylaxis. Overall, there is scarcity of publications on ARF and RHD in Malaysia. Priority areas for research include determination of the incidence and prevalence of ARF and RHD, identification of high-risk populations, evaluation on the implementation and adherence of secondary preventive measures, identification of subclinical RHD especially amongst the high-risk population, and a surveillance system to monitor and evaluate preventive measures, disease progression and outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Kimura Disease: A differential diagnosis in a nephrotic child

Aziz A, Mohamad I, Zawawi N

Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(2):32-35.
PMID: 30302182

Kimura disease presents as benign lesion and is commonly present among the Asian population. It is a disease with a favourable prognosis and a peak age of onset in the third decade. It is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that involves the lymph nodes and subcutaneous tissues of the head and neck region. We report a case of a 15-year-old boy with multiple Kimura lymphadenopathies involving the left posterior auricular region as well as the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Validity and reliability of Vicon™ motion capture camera over the traditional anthropometric method

Muhammad Fikri, Z., Ruzy Haryati, H., Seri Rahayu, K.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2018;18(102):142-151.
MyJurnal

Anthropometric study is one of the oldest branches of study in ergonomics where it serves a purpose in study of
proportion and size for human body. One of the common methods used in anthropometric measurement is traditional
measurement or direct measurement. However, Malaysia is still left behind other countries in development of national
anthropometric database. Researchers in Malaysia are still relying on the traditional anthropometric (TA)
measurement. There are several important factors that contribute to problems in TA such as accuracy, time, posture,
identification of landmarks, instrument positions and orientations, and pressure exerted due to measuring equipment. In
view of the fact that the difficulties of obtaining human anthropometry, it becomes necessary to propose a method which
has less contact executed to respondent. This study aims to propose a new anthropometric measurement method using
motion capture camera (MCC) method, later to develop the database for youth male population. A pilot test was done
in order to confirm the measuring procedure as well as the flow of the study. Next, the Minitab statistical software used
to check the validity and reliability of data using the tests of a) Accuracy-Pearson/Spearman Correlation b) BiasPaired
T-Test c) Test-Retest Reliability-Pearson/Spearman Correlation d) Precision-Mean Absolute Difference and
Relative Error Measurement. Results showed that the validity and reliability of this motion camera has successfully
obtained and the anthropometric data for youth male respondents has successfully constructed. These findings can be
used and expended to the national anthropometric database to be utilised in ergonomics design.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Effect of circuit training on fighting performance of young silat athletes - a case study

Mohamad Nizam Mohamed Shapie, Oliver, Jon, O’Donoghue, Peter, Tong, Richard

Movement Health & Exercise, 2018;7(1):27-41.
MyJurnal

Background & Study Aim: The purpose of the current case study was to
describe the activity pattern of individual exponents during competitive fights
completed before and after six weeks circuit training programme. Material
& Methods: Thirteen and 16-year-old experimental (E13 and E16) and
control (C13 and C16) participants were paired and videoed with fighting
before and after 6-week training. Exponents were chosen based on their age,
maturation, weight, competitive standard (none had participated in an official
silat match), and initial fitness performance. All matches were converted into
.mpg files and analysed using the same procedure. The distribution of
outcomes was analysed and used as an index of performance for more
detailed analysis. Results: The E13 increased the frequency of kicking during
competition post-training, which is suggested to reflect transference of
improved fitness to competition. Both E13 and C13 improved the ability to
dodge their opponent attacks, likely reflecting a response to technical
coaching. The frequency of actions during competition generally decreased
for both older participants, suggesting limited fitness transference to
competition. All individuals demonstrated some meaningful improvements
in fitness following the intervention period. However, these responses did not
necessarily reflect the group finding. Conclusions: This was the first case
study to examine the changes in competitive fighting performance of four
young performers from experimental and control groups following a silatspecific
circuit training programme. Therefore, fitness gains together with
technical coaching may transfer to competition in younger exponents, while
alterations in strategy may have been more decisive in the older group. The
research has provided further insight of fitness development and trainability,
and also transference fitness into competitive performance in youth silat which may help to facilitate coaches of the demands and requirements of the
combat sport.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
The global three: A Malaysian lens on the challenges and opportunities facing restorative justice planning and implementation

Mohammad T, Azman A, Anderstone B

Eval Program Plann, 2019 02;72:1-7.
PMID: 30245370 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.09.007

From the rise of restorative justice to evidence-based approaches to reducing recidivism, the intellectual landscape of criminal justice has seen considerable change in recent decades. The result is that an increasing number of countries have tackled the task of shifting preexisting political institutions to confirm with these new understandings. This is, of course, no easy feat. A great number of challenges confront willing policymakers, a reality that often puts philosophy at loggerheads with practicality. Moreover, the political process of change is subject to the influence of cultural and institutional norms. In this paper, we look at one particular case study - that of Malaysia's juvenile justice system - to understand the challenges faced in changing criminal justice policy. We identify three primary categories of challenges and elucidate their shape and impact through the Malaysian example. We also briefly analyze potential opportunities to mitigate and overcome these challenges. Furthermore, we also conclude with several implications for future research that we deem are important to be taken place. In sum, we argue that criminal justice reform must be undertaken with an eye toward important societal and institutional norms, each requiring thoughtful analysis of complex local cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext A review of knowledge, belief and practice regarding osteoporosis among adolescents and young adults

Chan CY, Mohamed N, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2018 08 12;15(8).
PMID: 30103534 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081727

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Increasing knowledge, correcting health belief and promoting osteoprotective practices are effective measures for building and maintaining strong bone throughout ones' life-span. This review aims to summarize the contemporary evidence on the knowledge, beliefs and practice of adolescents and young adults on bone health. We performed literature searches using the PubMed and Scopus databases to identify original studies from 2008 to May 2018 using the search terms "(knowledge OR beliefs OR attitude OR practice OR behaviours OR physical activity OR exercise OR diet OR nutrition) AND (young OR youth OR adolescents OR children OR young adults OR students OR teenager) AND (osteoporosis OR bone health)". Of the 3206 articles found, 34 met the inclusion criteria. Studies showed that most adolescents and young adults had poor knowledge and expressed disinterest in osteoporosis. They believed that other diseases were more serious than osteoporosis, contributing to low perceived susceptibility and seriousness towards this disease. Popular media emerged as a platform to obtain information regarding osteoporosis. The lack of knowledge and misconceptions about osteoporosis led to poor osteoprotective practices. As a conclusion, the current evidence revealed a lack of awareness about osteoporosis among adolescents and young adults. Educational interventions may be useful to improve the awareness of osteoporosis among this population.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Second branchial arch fistula masqueraded as recurrent parotid abscess: a case report

Nurul Hana Mokhtar, Khairuddin Abdullah, Fairuz Mohd Ibrahim, Irfan Mohamad

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2018;13(1):50-53.
MyJurnal

Branchial apparatus anomalies usually manifest in teenage or early adult life. Infection complicates
second branchial pouch anomalies usually presented as a neck lump or discharging sinus. It is the most common
form of anomalies compared to another branchial pouch aberrant. However, it is extremely rare to find a
complete branchial fistula with both internal and external openings. Misdiagnosis usually occurs leading to
inappropriate and suboptimal treatment. Here, we report of a case of complete second branchial pouch fistula
and discuss the clinical presentation and surgical management of such lesion.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Dental development in children with supernumerary teeth in the anterior region of maxilla

Mallineni SK, Jayaraman J, Wong HM, King NM

Clin Oral Investig, 2019 Jul;23(7):2987-2994.
PMID: 30374829 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2709-2

OBJECTIVE: Development of human dentition has been used as a predictor for evaluating the growth and maturity of an individual. It is fairly identical in a specific population, but the effect of development on subjects with dental anomalies had not been fully explored, particularly on subjects with supernumerary teeth (ST). This study hence aims to evaluate the dental development of children with and without ST.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sample size calculation was conducted and 320 radiographs of subjects with and without supernumerary teeth (ST) were obtained from the archives of a teaching hospital. The subjects in both groups were age and sex matched. All the subjects belong to southern Chinese ethnicity aged 2 to 14 years. The left-side dentition was scored, and dental age (DA) was estimated by obtaining scores from the southern Chinese dental reference dataset. Paired t test was used to calculate the difference between chronological age and dental age (CA-DA) for boys and girls with and without ST and further based on the number and position of ST.
RESULTS: The difference between chronological age and dental age (CA-DA) was 0.10 years for boys and 0.19 years for girls with ST whilst 0.01 and 0.05 years for boys and girls without ST (p > 0.05). The boys with bilateral ST showed significant delay in dental development of 0.23 years (p

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext APSS-ASJ Best Clinical Research Award: Is There a Difference between Patients' and Parents' Perception of Physical Appearance in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis?

Chan CYW, Gani SMA, Lim MY, Chiu CK, Kwan MK

Asian Spine J, 2019 Apr;13(2):216-224.
PMID: 30472823 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2018.0151

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study.
PURPOSE: To compare patients' and parents' perceptions of physical attributes (PAs) of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients and to report any correlations between their perceptions and Scoliosis Research Society-22r (SRS-22r) scores.
OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Few studies have looked into the differences between patients' and parents' perceptions of their appearance.
METHODS: AIS patient-parent pairs (n=170) were recruited. The patients' and parents' perceptions of six PAs were evaluated: waist asymmetry (WA), rib hump (RH), shoulder asymmetry (SA), neck tilt, breast asymmetry (BrA), and chest prominence. These PAs were ranked, and an aggregate PA (Agg-PA) score was derived from a score assigned to the attribute (6 for the most important PA and 1 for the least important). The patients also completed the SRS-22r questionnaire.
RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients (58.2%) and 71 patients (41.8%) had thoracic and lumbar major curves, respectively. WA was ranked first by 54 patients (31.8%) and 50 parents (29.4%), whereas RH was ranked first by 50 patients (29.4%) and 38 parents (22.4%). The overall Agg-PA scores were similar for patients and parents (p>0.05). However, for thoracic major curves (TMCs) >40°, a significant difference was noted between the Agg-PA scores of patients and parents for SA (3.5±1.6 vs. 4.2±1.6, p=0.041) and BrA (3.0±1.6 vs. 2.2±1.3, p=0.006). For TMCs <40°, a significant difference was found between the Agg-PA scores of patients and parents for WA (3.7±1.6 vs. 4.4±1.5, p=0.050). BrA was negatively correlated with total SRS-22r score.
CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences between patients and parents in their ranking of the most important PAs. For TMCs >40°, there were significant differences in the Agg-PA for SA and BrA. Pa¬tients were more concerned about BrA and parents were more concerned about SA. Patients' perception of the six PAs had weak correlation with SRS-22r scores.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
A comparison between modified and conventional surgical techniques for surgical lip repositioning in the management of the gummy smile

Alammar A, Heshmeh O, Mounajjed R, Goodson M, Hamadah O

J Esthet Restor Dent, 2018 11;30(6):523-531.
PMID: 30412347 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12433

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare conventional and modified lip repositioning surgical techniques used for management of gummy smile involving hyperactive lip elevator muscles.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: A prospective study was conducted between April 2016 and May 2017. Twenty two adult patients aged 18-38 years with gummy smile ranging from 4 to 6 mm because of soft tissue disorders were included in the study. All patients were treated in the oral and maxillofacial department at Damascus University. The sample was divided into two groups of 11 patients. The first group was treated by the conventional standard technique, and the second group treated by a modified study technique. The amount of gingival display in full smile was evaluated in both groups following each intervention.
RESULTS: Both groups exhibited a statistically significant reduction in the measurement of gummy smile at month 1 and 6 postoperatively (P .05). The recent study showed a significant difference in gingival display between 3 and 6 months postoperatively in group 1, but no significant difference in group 2.
CONCLUSION: This study showed that the modified technique utilized in treating gummy smile has less relapse after surgery, shows excellent cosmesis and compared to the conventional technique, greater sustainability.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The recent increase in demand for an esthetic smile has led to the development a modification of conventional lip repositioning for correcting gummy smile by myotomy of lip elevator muscles. This modified technique offers less relapse and greater stability post-operatively than the conventional technique.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

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