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Composition and biting activity of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) attracted to human bait in a malaria endemic village in peninsular Malaysia near the Thailand border

Hassan AA, Rahman WA, Rashid MZ, Shahrem MR, Adanan CR

J Vector Ecol, 2001 Jun;26(1):70-5.
PMID: 11469187

Nine species of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected biting humans indoors and outdoors in a malaria endemic village in northern Peninsular Malaysia. Outdoor biting was higher than that observed indoors. Biting of An. maculatus was observed throughout the night. Peak indoor biting occurred at 2130 h while outdoor biting was higher after midnight. Outdoor biting of Anopheles barbirostris and An. sinensis was observed throughout the night with several peaks after the second half of the night. Outdoor biting activities of An. kochi and An. philippinensis were primarily active after dusk and steadily declined after 2130 h.

Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal*
Fulltext Neighbouring-group composition and within-group relatedness drive extra-group paternity rate in the European badger (Meles meles)

Annavi G, Newman C, Dugdale HL, Buesching CD, Sin YW, Burke T, et al.

J Evol Biol, 2014 Oct;27(10):2191-203.
PMID: 25234113 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12473

Extra-group paternity (EGP) occurs commonly among group-living mammals and plays an important role in mating systems and the dynamics of sexual selection; however, socio-ecological and genetic correlates of EGP have been underexplored. We use 23 years of demographic and genetic data from a high-density European badger (Meles meles) population, to investigate the relationship between the rate of EGP in litters and mate availability, mate incompatibility and mate quality (heterozygosity). Relatedness between within-group assigned mothers and candidate fathers had a negative quadratic effect on EGP, whereas the number of neighbouring-group candidate fathers had a linear positive effect. We detected no effect of mean or maximum heterozygosity of within-group candidate fathers on EGP. Consequently, EGP was associated primarily with mate availability, subject to within-group genetic effects, potentially to mitigate mate incompatibility and inbreeding. In badgers, cryptic female choice, facilitated by superfecundation, superfoetation and delayed implantation, prevents males from monopolizing within-group females. This resonates with a meta-analysis in group-living mammals, which proposed that higher rates of EGP occur when within-group males cannot monopolize within-group females. In contrast to the positive meta-analytic association, however, we found that EGP associated negatively with the number of within-group assigned mothers and the number of within-group candidate fathers; potentially a strategy to counter within-group males committing infanticide. The relationship between the rate of EGP and socio-ecological or genetic factors can therefore be intricate, and the potential for cryptic female choice must be accounted for in comparative studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior, Animal*
Mating compatibility and competitiveness of transgenic and wild type Aedes aegypti (L.) under contained semi-field conditions

Lee HL, Vasan S, Ahmad NW, Idris I, Hanum N, Selvi S, et al.

Transgenic Res, 2013 Feb;22(1):47-57.
PMID: 22700207 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9625-z

We conducted the world's first experiments under semi-field conditions (ACL-2 field house) to assess the mating competitiveness of genetically sterile RIDL male mosquitoes (513A strain). The field house is a state-of-the-art, fully-contained trial facility, simulating the living space for a household of 2-4 people in Peninsular Malaysia. Ten genetically sterile RIDL male A. aegypti mosquitoes competed with ten wild type males inside this field house to mate with ten wild type females. Hatched larvae from mated females were screened under a fluorescent microscope for genetic markers to determine if they were fathered by RIDL male or wild type male, and all results were cross-checked by PCR. Two such experiments were conducted, each repeated sufficient number of times. All strains were on a Malaysian lab strain background for the first experiment, while the RIDL males alone were on a recently-colonised Mexican strain background for the second experiment. A total of 52 % of the matings were with RIDL males in the first experiment, while 45 % of the matings were with RIDL (Mexican) males in the second experiment. Statistically, this is not significantly different from 50 % of the matings expected to take place with RIDL males if the latter were as competitive as that of the wild type males. This shows that A. aegypti RIDL-513A has excellent mating competitiveness under semi-field conditions, verifying earlier trends obtained in small lab cages. We also observed high mating compatibility between recently-colonised Mexican RIDL males and lab-reared Malaysian wild type females.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology
Comparison of recovery of sheep, goats, and calves from reversible electrical head-only and head-to-body stunning for halal meat production

Beausoleil NJ, Farouk MM, Webster J, Johnson CB, Dowling S, Sazili AQ, et al.

N Z Vet J, 2024 Sep;72(5):288-299.
PMID: 38946044 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2024.2367532

AIMS: To compare the recovery of lambs, goats, and calves from head-only (HO) or high-frequency head-to-body stunning and evaluate the complementary use of behaviour and electroencephalography (EEG) to assess return to consciousness after electrical stunning in these species.
METHODS: Six-month-old lambs, adult goats and calves (< 7 days old) were subjected to reversible head-only stunning (50 Hz, 1 A, 2 seconds) or reversible high-frequency head-to-body stunning (RHTB: HO followed by 2,000 Hz, 2 A, 4-second stun to body). Following stunning, behavioural recovery was assessed in 21 lambs, 22 goats, and 20 calves. Latencies to first perform behaviours (end of convulsions, head lift, attempt to right, successful righting, attempt to stand, successful standing) after stunning were scored from video recordings. Recovery of electrical brain activity indicative of consciousness was assessed using EEG in a separate cohort of minimally-anaesthetised lambs, goats and calves (n = 20 per species). EEG traces collected before and after stunning were classified as normal, epileptiform, isoelectric, or transitional activity. Following stunning, the duration of epileptiform and isoelectric activity combined (states of brain activity incompatible with conscious awareness) was calculated, as was latency to return of normal (pre-stun) EEG.
RESULTS: The RHTB stun was reversible in all three species, although one sheep failed to recover and was euthanised. Both methods caused tonic and clonic convulsions in all species. Behavioural recovery of sheep and calves was similar for both methods while goats took longer to recover from RHTB than HO stunning. There was no evidence of differences between methods in the duration of EEG incompatible with consciousness or the latency to recovery of normal EEG.
CONCLUSIONS: Head-to-body stunning as applied here produced a reversible electrical stun in lambs, adult goats and young calves, although the benefits in terms of meat quality and operator safety are uncertain. Goats took longer to recover behaviourally from head-to-body stunning, possibly due to disrupted motor function, but there was no indication that post-stun unconsciousness lasted longer than following head-only stunning in any species. The normal behaviour for the animals' developmental age should be considered when deciding on behavioural indicators of recovery. The minimal anaesthesia model provided excellent quality EEG data that was valuable for interpretation of the behavioural responses.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For the purposes of pre-slaughter stunning of sheep, goats and young calves, recovery appears comparable between the two methods, with all but 1/63 animals in the behaviour study recovering normal function.

Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal/physiology
Fulltext Marked colour divergence in the gliding membranes of a tropical lizard mirrors population differences in the colour of falling leaves

Klomp DA, Stuart-Fox D, Das I, Ord TJ

Biol Lett, 2014 Dec;10(12):20140776.
PMID: 25540157 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0776

Populations of the Bornean gliding lizard, Draco cornutus, differ markedly in the colour of their gliding membranes. They also differ in local vegetation type (mangrove forest versus lowland rainforest) and consequently, the colour of falling leaves (red and brown/black in mangrove versus green, brown and black in rainforest). We show that the gliding membranes of these lizards closely match the colours of freshly fallen leaves in the local habitat as they appear to the visual system of birds (their probable predators). Furthermore, gliding membranes more closely resembled colours of local fallen leaves than standing foliage or fallen leaves in the other population's habitat. This suggests that the two populations have diverged in gliding membrane coloration to match the colours of their local falling leaves, and that mimicking falling leaves is an adaptation that functions to reduce predation by birds.

Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal
Acoustic divergence in two cryptic Hipposideros species: a role for social selection?

Kingston T, Lara MC, Jones G, Akbar Z, Kunz TH, Schneider CJ

Proc Biol Sci, 2001 Jul 7;268(1474):1381-6.
PMID: 11429138

We present evidence that a relatively widespread and common bat from South East Asia comprises two morphologically cryptic but acoustically divergent species. A population of the bicoloured leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros bicolor) from Peninsular Malaysia exhibits a bimodal distribution of echolocation call frequencies, with peaks in the frequency of maximum energy at ca. 131 and 142 kHz. The two phonic types are genetically distinct, with a cytochrome b sequence divergence of just under 7%. We consider the mechanisms by which acoustic divergence in these species might arise. Differences in call frequency are not likely to effect resource partitioning by detectable prey size or functional range. However, ecological segregation may be achieved by differences in microhabitat use; the 131kHz H. bicolor is characterized by significantly longer forearms, lower wing loading, a lower aspect ratio and a more rounded wingtip, features that are associated with greater manoeuvrability in flight that may enable it to forage in more cluttered environments relative to the 142 kHz phonic type. We suggest that acoustic divergence in these species is a consequence of social selection for a clear communication channel, which is mediated by the close link between the acoustic signal and receptor systems imposed by the highly specialized nature of the hipposiderid and rhinolophid echolocation system.

Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal
Female Armigeres (Leicesteria) flavus holding an egg raft with her hind legs

Miyagi I, Toma T, Okazawa T, Mogi M, Hashim R

J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 2005 Dec;21(4):466-8.
PMID: 16506575

During a mosquito survey in Ulu Gombak, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia, October 2-16, 2003, we observed a peculiar oviposition habit of Armigeres flavus. This strange behavior is described and illustrated with photographs; although it is well known, no detailed description has been made previously.

Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal
Fulltext Visual perception of kuda and sila service techniques in sepak takraw

Mohamad Razali Abdullah, Saidon Amri, Suppiah, Pathmanathan K.

Movement Health & Exercise, 2012;1(1):25-37.
MyJurnal

Two major types of services in sepak takraw are kuda and sila services. Even though both services are delivered at high speed, each is composed of different kinematic features. The purpose of the study was to determine the fundamental differences in perceptual strategies in
anticipating the kuda and sila services. The receiver of the game in sepak takraw makes decisions under severe time constraint in both spatial and temporal uncertainty. The study examined two groups of 12 players each; the experts and the novices. Perceptual displays in anticipation of the
kuda and sila services were prompted using video stimulations consisting of seven temporal occlusions t1 (240 milliseconds at pre-contact), t2 (160 milliseconds at pre-contact), t3 (80 milliseconds at pre-contact, t4 (0 millisecond at contact), t5 (80 milliseconds at post-contact), t6 (160
milliseconds at post-contact), and t7 (no occlusion). Significant differences amongst expert players in anticipating kuda and sila services were at t1 F (14, 180) = 2.37; p < 0.05], t2 F (14, 180) = 5.60; p < 0.05], t3 F (14, 180) = 3.81; p < 0.05] and t4 F (14, 180) = 2.00; p < 0.05]. Similar comparisons at t5, t6, and t7 did not yield any significant differences. In addition, there were significant differences amongst novice players in anticipating kuda and sila services at t2 F (14,
180) = 2.27; p < 0.05], t3 F (14, 180) = 1.94; p < 0.05], t4 F (14, 180) = 2.61; p < 0.05], and t5 F (14, 180) = 9.38; p < 0.05]. Overall findings revealed that expert players found it more difficult to anticipate kuda service compared to sila service at t1. Hence, the kuda service is more
difficult to anticipate than sila service. Participants of this study demonstrated a more effective visual perceptual strategy to counter attack a sila service than they would with a kuda service.

Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal
Effects ofEurycoma longifolia Jack on sexual behaviour of male rats

Ang HH, Sim MK

Arch Pharm Res, 1997 Dec;20(6):656-8.
PMID: 18982276 DOI: 10.1007/BF02975228

The effects ofEurycoma longifolia Jack were studied on the sexual behaviour of male rats. Sexually normal male rats were treated twice daily with 500 mg kg(-1) of different fractions ofE. longifolia Jack for 10 days prior to test and were then observed for their copulatory behaviour with a receptive female in a copulation cage. Results showed that was a significant increase (p<0.05) in EL-1, EL-2, EL-3 but significant decrease (p<0.05) in both PEI-1 and PEI-2 in treated male rats as compared to the control male rats indicating thatE. longifolia Jack increased the sexual performance of the treated male rats by extending the duration of coitus and decreasing the refractory period between the different series of copulation. Hence, this preliminary work supports the folk use of this plant as having aphrodisiac property.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior, Animal
Sexual arousal in sexually sluggish old male rats after oral administration of Eurycoma longifolia Jack

Ang HH, Lee KL, Kiyoshi M

J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol, 2004;15(3-4):303-9.
PMID: 15803965 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2004.15.3-4.303

Eurycoma longifolia Jack commonly known as Tongkat Ali in Malaysia, has been used in Malaysia to increase male virility and sexual prowess. The objective of this study is to evaluate sexual arousal in sexually sluggish old male rats, 24 months old and retired breeders, receiving 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg of various fractions of E. longifolia Jack, twice daily, for 10 days. Control rats received 3 ml/kg of normal saline. The aphrodisiac effect was monitored by the act of yawning and stretching because yawning, either alone or associated with stretching, is considered an ancestral vestige surviving throughout evolution that promotes sexual arousal. The results showed that 800 mg/kg of E. longifolia Jack increased yawning by 50% and stretching by 16.7% in sexually sluggish old male rats, by 676-719% and 31-336%, respectively, in sexually active male rats, and by 22-44% and 75-100%, respectively, in middle aged, 9 months old and retired breeders. We conclude that the results of this study support the folk use of this plant as an aphrodisiac.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects*; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology
Fulltext Kisspeptin1 modulates odorant-evoked fear response via two serotonin receptor subtypes (5-HT1A and 5-HT2) in zebrafish

Nathan FM, Ogawa S, Parhar IS

J Neurochem, 2015 Jun;133(6):870-8.
PMID: 25818845 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13105

Kiss1, a neuropeptide predominantly expressed in the habenula, modulates the serotonin (5-HT) system to decrease odorant cue [alarm substance (AS)]-evoked fear behaviour in the zebrafish. The purpose of this study was to assess the interaction of Kiss1 with the 5-HT system as well as to determine the involvement of the 5-HT receptor subtypes in AS-evoked fear. We utilized 0. 28 mg/kg WAY 100635 (WAY), a selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, to observe the effects of Kiss1 administration on AS-evoked fear. We found WAY significantly inhibited the anxiolytic effects of Kiss1 (p < 0.001) with an exception of freezing behaviour. Based on this, we utilized 92.79 mg/kg methysergide, a 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, and found that methysergide significantly blocked the anxiolytic effects of Kiss1 in the presence of the AS (p < 0.001). From this, we conclude that Kiss1 modulates AS-evoked fear responses mediated by the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors. Kiss1 peptide intracranially (IC) administrated has been shown to decrease olfactory, alarm substance (AS)-evoked fear response. Blockade of the 5-HT1A receptor utilizing WAY 100635 (0.28 mg/kg) and the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor utilizing methysergide (92.79 mg/kg) produced increased AS-evoked fear responses that were unable to be overcome even during the recovery period. Blockade of this 5-HT system followed by Kiss1 administration showed that the peptide was unable to recover the anxiolytic effects upon 5-HT1A blocking using WAY 100635 with the exception of freezing behaviour while methysergide significantly blocked all the anxiolytic effects of Kiss1. These findings implicate that Kiss1 could modulate AS-evoked fear responses mediated by 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors.

Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Behavior, Animal/physiology*
Fulltext Coming down from the trees: is terrestrial activity in Bornean orangutans natural or disturbance driven?

Ancrenaz M, Sollmann R, Meijaard E, Hearn AJ, Ross J, Samejima H, et al.

Sci Rep, 2014;4:4024.
PMID: 24526001 DOI: 10.1038/srep04024

The orangutan is the world's largest arboreal mammal, and images of the red ape moving through the tropical forest canopy symbolise its typical arboreal behaviour. Records of terrestrial behaviour are scarce and often associated with habitat disturbance. We conducted a large-scale species-level analysis of ground-based camera-trapping data to evaluate the extent to which Bornean orangutans Pongo pygmaeus come down from the trees to travel terrestrially, and whether they are indeed forced to the ground primarily by anthropogenic forest disturbances. Although the degree of forest disturbance and canopy gap size influenced terrestriality, orangutans were recorded on the ground as frequently in heavily degraded habitats as in primary forests. Furthermore, all age-sex classes were recorded on the ground (flanged males more often). This suggests that terrestrial locomotion is part of the Bornean orangutan's natural behavioural repertoire to a much greater extent than previously thought, and is only modified by habitat disturbance. The capacity of orangutans to come down from the trees may increase their ability to cope with at least smaller-scale forest fragmentation, and to cross moderately open spaces in mosaic landscapes, although the extent of this versatility remains to be investigated.

Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal
Fulltext Colonized Aedes albopictus and its sexual performance in the wild: implications for SIT technology and containment

Hamady D, Ruslan NB, Ahmad AH, Rawi CS, Ahmad H, Satho T, et al.

Parasit Vectors, 2013;6:206.
PMID: 23856274 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-206

Mating is a physiological process of crucial importance underlying the size and maintenance of mosquito populations. In sterile and incompatible insect technologies (SIT and IIT), mating is essential for mass production, persistence, and success of released individuals, and is a central parameter for judging the effectiveness of SIT/IIT programs. Some mosquitoes have an enormous reproductive potential for both themselves and pathogens and mating may contribute to persistence of infection in nature. As Aedes albopictus can transmit flaviviruses both sexually and horizontally, and as infected insects are usually derived from laboratory colonies, we investigated the implications of mating between a long-term laboratory colony of Ae. albopictus and wild populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Sexual Behavior, Animal
Clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) predation on proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) in Sabah, Malaysia

Matsuda I, Tuuga A, Higashi S

Primates, 2008 Jul;49(3):227-31.
PMID: 18484152 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-008-0085-2

In this study, we have reported two direct observations of individuals from a one-male group of proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) being killed by clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi) in the riverine forest along the Menanggul river, a tributary of the Kinabatangan river in Sabah, Malaysia. One of the two individuals was an infant female and the other was a juvenile female. Based on literature reviews and the observations reported here, we suggest that clouded leopard and crocodile might be significant potential predators of proboscis monkeys of any age or sex and that predation threats elicit the monkeys' anti-predator strategies. Moreover, the observations of the monkeys' behaviour when the group is attacked by a predator suggest that the adult males in one-male groups play an important role as protectors.

Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal
Morinda citrifolia Linn. fruit extract mitigates heroin seeking behavior in mice

Pandy V, Khan Y, Yarlagadda DP, Tatinada SP

Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars), 2021;81(4):328-334.
PMID: 35014982

Methanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia unripe fruit (MMC) was tested against heroin addiction using a mouse modified runway model of drug‑seeking. Habituation sessions were carried out for 10 min/d for 3 days. On day 0, the total run time of each mouse was noted (the start box to goal box) during the preconditioning test. This was followed by the conditioning session (30 min), in which the animals were conditioned with escalating doses of heroin hydrochloride (5, 10, 20, 40 and 40 mg/kg) for 5 days upon entry into the goal box. On day 6, the run time of each mouse, from start to goal box, was recorded during the post conditioning test. Extinction trials were performed for the next 5 days, in which no drug/saline was injected upon goal box entry. On day 13, a priming dose of heroin (8 mg/kg) was given to reinstate drug seeking in the mice. MMC given as oral doses (1, 3 and 5 g/kg) dose‑dependently prolonged the run time to reach the goal box, indicating MMC attenuated heroin reinforcement. Moreover, MMC (5 g/kg) was found to reverse the heroin‑seeking on extinction trial 1 and 2. MMC was also found to reverse heroin‑induced reinstatement in mice. This study demonstrates that MMC attenuated heroin seeking at different phases of drug self‑administration in a mouse modified runway model.

Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal
Correspondence regarding 'Clouded leopards, the secretive top-carnivore of South-East Asian rainforests: their distribution, status and conservation needs in Sabah, Malaysia'

Gordon CH, Stewart AM, Meijaard E

BMC Ecol, 2007;7:5; author reply 5.
PMID: 17605794
Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal
Fulltext Agent-based simulation for reconstructing social structure by observing collective movements with special reference to single-file movement

Koda H, Arai Z, Matsuda I

PLoS One, 2020;15(12):e0243173.
PMID: 33270712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243173

Understanding social organization is fundamental for the analysis of animal societies. In this study, animal single-file movement data-serialized order movements generated by simple bottom-up rules of collective movements-are informative and effective observations for the reconstruction of animal social structures using agent-based models. For simulation, artificial 2-dimensional spatial distributions were prepared with the simple assumption of clustered structures of a group. Animals in the group are either independent or dependent agents. Independent agents distribute spatially independently each one another, while dependent agents distribute depending on the distribution of independent agents. Artificial agent spatial distributions aim to represent clustered structures of agent locations-a coupling of "core" or "keystone" subjects and "subordinate" or "follower" subjects. Collective movements were simulated following two simple rules, 1) initiators of the movement are randomly chosen, and 2) the next moving agent is always the nearest neighbor of the last moving agents, generating "single-file movement" data. Finally, social networks were visualized, and clustered structures reconstructed using a recent major social network analysis (SNA) algorithm, the Louvain algorithm, for rapid unfolding of communities in large networks. Simulations revealed possible reconstruction of clustered social structures using relatively minor observations of single-file movement, suggesting possible application of single-file movement observations for SNA use in field investigations of wild animals.

Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal
Fulltext A modified active appearance model based on an adaptive artificial bee colony

Abdulameer MH, Sheikh Abdullah SN, Othman ZA

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:879031.
PMID: 25165748 DOI: 10.1155/2014/879031

Active appearance model (AAM) is one of the most popular model-based approaches that have been extensively used to extract features by highly accurate modeling of human faces under various physical and environmental circumstances. However, in such active appearance model, fitting the model with original image is a challenging task. State of the art shows that optimization method is applicable to resolve this problem. However, another common problem is applying optimization. Hence, in this paper we propose an AAM based face recognition technique, which is capable of resolving the fitting problem of AAM by introducing a new adaptive ABC algorithm. The adaptation increases the efficiency of fitting as against the conventional ABC algorithm. We have used three datasets: CASIA dataset, property 2.5D face dataset, and UBIRIS v1 images dataset in our experiments. The results have revealed that the proposed face recognition technique has performed effectively, in terms of accuracy of face recognition.

Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal/physiology
Fulltext Unusual developing sites of dengue vectors and potential epidemiological implications

Dieng H, Saifur RG, Ahmad AH, Salmah MR, Aziz AT, Satho T, et al.

Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2012 Mar;2(3):228-32.
PMID: 23569903 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60047-1

To identify the unusual breeding sites of two dengue vectors, i.e. Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) and Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti).

Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal/physiology*
Use of the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor to assess behavioral changes of Poecilia reticulata (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) and Macrobrachium lanchesteri (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in response to acid mine drainage: laboratory exposure

Mohti A, Shuhaimi-Othman M, Gerhardt A

J Environ Monit, 2012 Sep;14(9):2505-11.
PMID: 22868673 DOI: 10.1039/c2em10902f

The behavioral responses of guppy Poecilia reticulata (Poeciliidae) and prawn Macrobrachium lanchesteri (Palaemonidae) individuals exposed to acid mine drainage (AMD) were monitored online in the laboratory with a Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor™ (MFB). These responses were compared to those to reference water acidified to the respective pH values (ACID). Test animals in the juvenile stage were used for both species and were exposed to AMD and ACID for 24 hours. The stress behaviors of both test animals consisted mainly of decreased activity in AMD and increased activity in ACID, indicating that the metals in the AMD played a role as a stress factor in addition to pH. The locomotor activity levels of guppies and prawns for the ACID treatment were higher than the locomotor activity levels for the AMD treatment with increasing pH value. For guppies, significant differences were observed when specimens were exposed to AMD and ACID at pH 5.0 and 6.0; the percentage activities were only 16% and 12%, respectively, for AMD treatment, whereas for ACID treatment, the percentage activities were 35% and 40%, respectively, similar to the value of 36% for the controls. Similar trends were also observed for prawns, for which the percentage activities were only 6% and 4%, respectively, for AMD treatment, whereas for ACID treatment, the percentage activities were 31% and 38%, respectively, compared to 44% in the controls. This study showed that both species are suitable for use as indicators for ecotoxicity testing with the MFB.

Matched MeSH terms: Behavior, Animal/drug effects*

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