Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 2688 in total

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  1. Fulltext Severe chronic iron deficiency anaemia secondary to Trichuris dysentery syndrome - a case report
    Azira N MS, Zeehaida M
    Trop Biomed, 2012 Dec;29(4):626-31.
    PMID: 23202608
    Trichuris dysentery syndrome is caused by Trichuris trichiura which contributes to one of the most common helminthic infections in the world. It is associated with heavy colonic infection that manifests as mucoid diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, rectal prolapse, iron deficiency anaemia, and finger clubbing. Here, we report a case of trichuris dysentery syndrome complicated with severe chronic iron deficiency anaemia in a 4-year-old girl who required blood transfusion. The nematode was visualized on stool microscopic and colonoscopic examination. A longer duration of anti-helminthic treatment is required to achieve effective and better outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  2. Fulltext Symptomatic chronic strongyloidiasis in children following treatment for solid organ malignancies: case reports and literature review
    Norsarwany M, Abdelrahman Z, Rahmah N, Ariffin N, Norsyahida A, Madihah B, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2012 Sep;29(3):479-88.
    PMID: 23018511
    Strongyloidiasis is an infection caused by the intestinal nematode Strongyloides stercoralis. Infected healthy individuals are usually asymptomatic, however it is potentially fatal in immunocompromised hosts due to its capacity to cause an overwhelming hyperinfection. Strongyloidiasis could be missed during routine screening because of low and intermittent larval output in stool and variable manifestations of the symptoms. We present two cases of strongyloidiasis occurring in children with solid organ malignancies suspected to have the infection based on their clinical conditions and treatment history for cancer. Both patients were diagnosed by molecular and serological tests and were successfully treated. Thus, strongyloidiasis in patients undergoing intensive treatment for malignancies should be suspected, properly investigated and treated accordingly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  3. Fulltext The use of modified checklist for autism in toddlers (Malay version) in differentiating between autism spectrum disorders and other developmental behavioural disorders
    Lau, Doris Sie Chong, Juriza Ismail, Zarina Latiff
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019;25(1):6-12.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: The present study examined the sensitivity and specificity of M-CHAT-Malay version [M-CHAT(MV)] to discriminate ASD from other developmental-behavioural disorders. Methods: This study was carried out in the Child Development Centre at a tertiary referral centre. Parents of 130 children aged 18–60 months, referred for developmental-behavioural disorders were asked to complete M-CHAT(MV). A child was considered to have ASD ifthey failed any 3 of the 23 total items or 2 or more of the 6 critical items. Results: Looking at the total items, M-CHAT(MV) has a good sensitivity (88.9%) to differentiate between ASD and other developmental-behavioural disorders, although specificity was only 47.8%. However, the critical items only has sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 77.6%. Sensitivity for children aged 49–60 months old was lower (80.0%) compared to those in the younger age group (100.0% and 90.3% for those aged 25-36 months and 37–48 months respectively). Based on the ROC curve, the optimal criteria to detect ASD was failing 1 out of 6 critical items or 3 out of 23 total items. Conclusion: M-CHAT(MV) is a good screening tool in differentiating ASD from other developmental-behavioural disorders although the critical items’ criteria may need to be lowered to improve its sensitivity in selected cohorts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  4. Fulltext The Unmet Needs of Parents of Highly Dependent Children with Cerebral Palsy
    Mohd Nordin NA, Hui Shan E, Zanudin A
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 12 16;16(24).
    PMID: 31888294 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245145
    The overall care for children with cerebral palsy (CP) is challenging to the family which causes significant impacts to their livelihood. There is limited qualitative research that reports the unmet needs of parents with physically disabled children, especially highly dependent CP. The aim of this study was to explore the unmet needs of parents of highly dependent children with CP. A qualitative study using semi-structured face to face interviews was carried out among nine parents of children with CP with gross motor classification function score (GMFCS) levels III, IV, and V. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcribed data was analysed using thematic analysis method. Several unmet needs were highlighted by the parents; namely the needs in receiving information regarding CP conditions, getting psychological and financial support and explaining the child's condition to strangers. In addition, parents expressed the need for better support from the social welfare department, as well as in effectively organising family functioning. The findings of this study indicate that there is a need for the healthcare professionals to develop suitable strategies to assist the parents of highly dependent children with CP in fulfilling their specific needs. The role of relevant agencies should be optimised in addressing this area of concern.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  5. Optic disc swelling in acromicric and geleophysic dysplasia
    Moey LH, Flaherty M, Zankl A
    Am J Med Genet A, 2019 09;179(9):1898-1901.
    PMID: 31228225 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61268
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  6. First report on the seroprevalence of the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, a tick-borne virus, in Malaysia's Orang Asli population
    Lani R, Mohd Rahim NF, Hassan H, Yaghoobi R, Chang LY, AbuBakar S, et al.
    Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2015;19(3):461-6.
    PMID: 25720719
    The Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is transmitted by the ticks of Hyalomma spp. in general and H. marginatumin particular, can cause severe disease in humans, with mortality rates of 3-30%. Other than from the bites of infected ticks, CCHFV can also be transmitted through contact with patients with the acute phase of infection or contact with blood or tissues from viraemic livestock.  Outbreaks of human cases of haemorrhagic manifestations have been documented since 1945 and described in parts of Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East and most recently India in 2011. In addition, serological evidence of the disease has been reported in some countries where no human cases were reported. As regional neighbours China and India have been affected by this virus, this study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of CCHFV among Orang Asli population of Malaysia as the most at risk people who residing in the deep forests.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  7. Fulltext A structural equation model of the determinants of malnutrition among children in rural Kelantan, Malaysia
    Cheah WL, Wan Muda WAM, Zamh ZH
    Rural Remote Health, 2010;10(1):1248.
    PMID: 20184392
    Many studies had shown that poor growth in children is associated with malnutrition. The underlying factors are diverse, multisectoral and interrelated, ranging from biological to social, cultural and economically related. Because the highest levels of under-nutrition worldwide are found in South Asia, it is essential that policymakers in the region understand the underlying determinants, in order to design effective public health intervention programs. This is especially so if public resources are limited. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine causal relationships among the biological, behavioural and environmental factors related to malnutrition in children aged 5 years and under.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  8. Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum percutaneous radiofrequency-assisted valvotomy and balloon dilation versus surgical valvotomy and Blalock Taussig shunt
    Alwi M, Geetha K, Bilkis AA, Lim MK, Hasri S, Haifa AL, et al.
    J Am Coll Cardiol, 2000 Feb;35(2):468-76.
    PMID: 10676696
    We compared the result of radiofrequency (RF)-assisted valvotomy and balloon dilation with closed surgical valvotomy and Blalock Taussig (BT) shunt as primary treatment in selected patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS).
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  9. A characteristic continuous wave Doppler signal in cor triatriatum?
    Alwi M, Hamid ZA, Zambahari R
    Br Heart J, 1992 Jul;68(1):6-8.
    PMID: 1515294
    Continuous wave Doppler recordings of the turbulent jet through the restrictive orifice of a left atrial partition in a patient with corrected transposition of the great arteries and cor triatriatum showed alternate bands of high intensity diastolic and low intensity systolic signals with preservation of the normal configuration of the diastolic E and A peaks. It is thought that Doppler studies in cor triatriatum will provide useful complementary haemodynamic information in the echocardiographic diagnosis of this anomaly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  10. Transcatheter occlusion of native persistent ductus arteriosus using conventional Gianturco coils
    Alwi M, Kang LM, Samion H, Latiff HA, Kandavel G, Zambahari R
    Am J Cardiol, 1997 May 15;79(10):1430-2.
    PMID: 9165178 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00160-4
    Two hundred eleven patients with small- to moderate-sized native patent ductus arteriosus underwent closure using Gianturco coils, employing the transvenous multiple catheter approach. Short-term results showed a high rate of complete occlusion and a potential long-term complication of mild left pulmonary artery stenosis in a small number of patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  11. Toxoplasma antibody survey in West Malaysia
    Tan DS, Zaman V
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Mar;27(3):188-91.
    PMID: 4268921
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  12. Ascaris lumbricides eggs in liver and lungs of 2-year-old boy at necropsy. Confirmation by experimental inoculations of animals
    Chao TC, Ewert A, Zaman V
    Med J Malaya, 1966 Jun;20(4):340-1.
    PMID: 4224354
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  13. Fulltext Galactorrhoea in a toddler: a rare report
    Norhayaty Sharman Khamis @ Roslee, Mohd Shaiful Ehsan Shalihin, Iskandar Ibrahim, Zalini Zin
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(2):49-52.
    MyJurnal
    Milk discharge from neonatal breast commonly occurs bilaterally. Majority of them are benign in nature. Those cases usually require conservative management and will resolve with time. It typically occurs within one month of age in which late-onset of galactorrhoea in toddlers is indeed a rare occasion. Thus, an abnormal cause needs to be ruled out. An 18-months-old child had persistent milky discharge from the left nipple for several days without underlying specific identified causes. This case highlights the occurrence of physiological milk discharge can still possibly occur at the age beyond one-year-old despite its absence in the initial months of life. The principle observation at primary care is still adequate in managing such cases unless high suspicion of alarming disease arises. This case proved a late onset of physiological galactorrhoea can still occur in the early toddler age group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  14. Fulltext Factors associated with stunting among Orang Asli preschool children in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
    Wan, Ying Gan, Siti Fatihah Murtaza, Norhasmah Sulaiman, Zalilah Mohd Shariff
    Malays J Nutr, 2018;24(2):215-226.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Childhood stunting is recognised as one of the most significant
    barriers to human development. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the
    factors associated with stunting among Orang Asli (OA) preschool children in Negeri
    Sembilan, Malaysia.

    Methods: A total of 264 children (50.9% boys and 49.1%
    girls) aged 2-6 years (M=4.04, SD=1.21 years) including their mothers from 14 OA
    villages in Negeri Sembilan participated in this study. Mothers were interviewed to
    obtain information regarding socioeconomic status, sanitation facility and personal
    hygiene. The height of the children and their mothers were measured. Venous
    blood samples were drawn from the children to estimate haemoglobin level, and
    stool samples were collected to screen for intestinal parasitic infections.

    Results:
    Approximately one third of the children (35.6%) and 7.8% of the mothers were
    stunted. One in five of the children were anaemic (21.6%), while one- third had
    intestinal parasitic infections (35.0%). Low birth weight (AOR=2.526, 95% CI: 1.310-
    4.872; p=0.006), anaemia (AOR=2.742, 95% CI: 1.265-5.945; p=0.011), presence
    of intestinal parasitic infections (AOR=2.235, 95% CI: 1.310-3.813, p=0.003), not
    wearing shoes (AOR=2.602, 95% CI: 1.453-4.660; p=0.001), absence of piped water
    at home (AOR=2.395, 95% CI: 1.047-5.476; p=0.039), dirty nails (AOR=1.956, 95%
    CI: 1.163-3.289, p=0.011), and stunted mothers (AOR=3.443, 95% CI: 1.334-8.890;
    p=0.011) were identified as significant factors for childhood stunting.

    Conclusion:
    It is suggested that the factors identified associated with childhood stunting be
    included in future intervention programmes that address stunting among OA
    children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  15. Use of traditional and complementary medicine in Malaysia: a baseline study
    Siti ZM, Tahir A, Farah AI, Fazlin SM, Sondi S, Azman AH, et al.
    Complement Ther Med, 2009 Oct-Dec;17(5-6):292-9.
    PMID: 19942109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2009.04.002
    The increasing popularity and use of traditional and complementary medicine (TCAM) in both developed and developing countries, including Malaysia, have raised significant public health policy issues. However, currently, there is a paucity of baseline data on such usage by the Malaysian community.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  16. Neonatal hypoxic encephalopathy: Correlation between post-cooling brain MRI findings and 2 years neurodevelopmental outcome
    Rusli ERM, Ismail J, Wei WS, Ishak S, Jaafar R, Zaki FM
    Indian J Radiol Imaging, 2019 12 31;29(4):350-355.
    PMID: 31949335 DOI: 10.4103/ijri.IJRI_62_19
    Objective: This study aims to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain patterns among hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) babies who underwent post-cooling MRI brain as well as to correlate the post-cooling brain scoring with patient's neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years.

    Subjects and Methods: It was a retrospective cross sectional study carried out at a tertiary university hospital. Record of patients diagnosed with neonatal HIE from 2007 until 2016 who completed 72 h of cooling therapy and had MRI brain within 2 weeks of life were included in this study. A new scoring system by Trivedi et al. that emphasizes on subcortical deep gray matter and posterior limb internal capsule injury were utilized upon MRI assessment, using TW, T2W, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. Cumulative MRI brain score was obtained and graded as none, mild, moderate, and severe brain injury. The MRI brain scoring was then correlated with patient's 2 years neurodevelopmental outcome using Fisher's Exact Test.

    Results: A total of 23 patients were eligible of which 19 term neonates were included. 13% of these neonates (n = 3) had mild MRI brain injury grading with 52.2% (n = 12) moderate and 34.8% (n = 8) severe. There was no significant correlation seen between MRI brain grading and developmental outcome at 2 years old (P > 0.05).

    Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between neonatal MRI brain injury grading and 2 years neurodevelopmental outcome. Nevertheless, the new MRI brain scoring by Trivedi et al. is reproducible and comprehensive as it involves various important brain structures, assessed from different MRI sequences.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  17. Prevalence of BCR-ABL T315I Mutation in Malaysian Patients with Imatinib-Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
    Mat Yusoff Y, Abu Seman Z, Othman N, Kamaluddin NR, Esa E, Zulkiply NA, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2018 Dec 25;19(12):3317-3320.
    PMID: 30583336
    Objective: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is caused by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9
    and 22, t(9;22) (q34;q11) which encodes for the BCR-ABL fusion protein. Discovery of Imatinib Mesylate (IM) as
    first line therapy has brought tremendous improvement in the management of CML. However, emergence of point
    mutations within the BCR-ABL gene particularly T315I mutation, affects a common BCR-ABL kinase contact residue
    which impairs drug binding thus contribute to treatment resistance. This study aims to investigate the BCR-ABL T315I
    mutation in Malaysian patients with CML. Methods: A total of 285 patients diagnosed with CML were included in this
    study. Mutation detection was performed using qualitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results: Fifteen out of 285 samples
    (5.26%) were positive for T315I mutations after amplification with real-time PCR assay. From the total number of
    positive samples, six patients were in accelerated phase (AP), four in chronic phase (CP) and five in blast crisis (BC).
    Conclusion: Mutation testing is recommended for choosing various tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to optimize
    outcomes for both cases of treatment failure or suboptimal response to imatinib. Therefore, detection of T315I mutation
    in CML patients are clinically useful in the selection of appropriate treatment strategies to prevent disease progression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  18. Fulltext Ultrasound guided percutaneous biopsies of suspected mediastinal lesions
    Samad SA, Sharifah NA, Zulfiqar MA, Maimunah A, Yahya A, Zainudin W
    Med J Malaysia, 1993 Dec;48(4):421-6.
    PMID: 8183166
    Realtime ultrasonography with general purpose sector transducer was used to guide 87 percutaneous biopsies on 82 patients with lesions suspected to be mediastinal masses on plain chest radiographs. In seven patients who had dyspnea the biopsies were done in erect or semi-erect sitting positions. Definitive diagnosis was obtained from 66 lesions (80.5%) where 46 (70.0%) were mediastinal and the remaining 20 lesions (30.0%) arising from the lung. Of the 46 mediastinal lesions where specific diagnosis were made, 42 (91.0%) were anterior and four (0.9%) posterior mediastinal lesions. The majority of these anterior mediastinal masses were lymphomatous nodes followed by germ cell tumours whereas all four posterior mediastinal masses were neurogenic. Of the lung lesions, 19 were primary malignancies. The remaining lung lesion which was located posteriorly was cryptococcus infection. One patient developed massive hemothorax, but subsequently recovered. No significant complications were encountered in the remaining patients. Surgery was carried on 11 patients. There is correlation between definitive diagnosis from percutaneous biopsy and final diagnosis after surgery in 80% of patients. It is proposed that all percutaneous biopsies for thoracic masses which abut the chest wall and cause mediastinal widening on a plain chest radiograph be guided by ultrasound. It can be effectively accomplished with ease and safety even without the use of dedicated biopsy ultrasound probes or biopsy attachments, and on patients in erect or semi-erect positions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  19. Fulltext Steroid therapy in obstructive airway diseases
    Zainudin BMZ
    Respirology, 1997 Mar;2(1):17-31.
    PMID: 9424402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.1997.tb00051.x
    Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two common illnesses that cause significant morbidity and mortality. Steroids are widely used in both conditions. They act through steroid or glucocorticoid receptors (GR) causing up or down regulation of protein synthesis resulting in an increase in lipocortin 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors, and decreased levels and activities of cytokines or cytokine receptors, which reduces the inflammatory process in the airways and decreases bronchial hyperreactivity. Consequently symptoms of airway obstruction are alleviated and lung function is improved. In asthma, steroids have been convincingly shown to be effective in the treatment of both acute exacerbations and chronic condition. In COPD, however, only a subset of patients seem to respond favourably to steroid therapy. Therapeutic trials are therefore recommended before committing to a long-term treatment in order to determine this subset of patients, as no markers of steroid responsiveness can be identified. The inhaled steroids currently available have a good safety profile with significant side effects occurring only occasionally. Such side effects are usually confined to the oropharynx, causing local irritation, candidiasis and dysphonia, which can be easily overcome. Biochemical abnormalities involving bone, adrenal, carbohydrate and lipid profiles have been noted with high doses of inhaled steroids; however, these have no significant clinical effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  20. Fulltext Systematic Review of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Malaysia: 1979-2020
    Abd Hamid IJ, Azman NA, Gennery AR, Mangantig E, Hashim IF, Zainudeen ZT
    Front Immunol, 2020;11:1923.
    PMID: 32983118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01923
    Introduction: Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are under-reported in Malaysia. The actual disease frequency of PID in this country is unknown due to the absence of a national patient registry for PID. Objective: This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence rates of PID cases diagnosed and published in Malaysia from 1st of January 1979 until 1st of March 2020. It also aimed to describe the various types of PIDs reported in Malaysia. Method: Following the development of a comprehensive search strategy, all published literature of PID cases from Malaysia was identified and collated. All cases that fulfilled the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) classification diagnosis were included in the systematic review. Data were retrieved and collated into a proforma. Results: A total of 4,838 articles were identified and screened, with 34 publications and 119 patients fulfilling the criteria and being included in the systematic review. The prevalence rate was 0.37 per 100,000 population. In accordance with the IUIS, the distribution of diagnostic classifications was immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunities (36 patients, 30.3%), combined immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features (21 patients, 17.6%), predominant antibody deficiencies (24 patients, 20.2%), diseases of immune dysregulation (13 patients, 10.9%), congenital defects in phagocyte number or function (20 patients, 16.8%), defects in intrinsic and innate immunity (4 patients, 3.4%), and autoinflammatory disorders (1 patient, 0.8%). Parental consanguinity was 2.5%. Thirteen different gene mutations were available in 21.8% of the cases. Conclusion: PIDs are underdiagnosed and under-reported in Malaysia. Developing PID healthcare and a national patient registry is much needed to enhance the outcome of PID patient care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
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